考博英语语法重点总结 Hmx
Y{KB
B/_~j_n$m
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 JA$RY
独立主格特征 ;0 4< 9i
1. 充当句子的状语。 :'4 ",
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 !{?<(6;t
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 C)mR~Ey
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） d3 ]<'B:nb
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. [V
E>{4]W
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. p=[SDk`
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 2@!B;6*8q
真题剖析 hvc3n>
Y[}
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. _/J`v`}G
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because n }dLf
g *
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. } 4ZWAzH
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be &a+=@Z)kf
虚拟语气 )~CNh5z 6Y
虚拟语气（2） r3+
1. （should）+动词原形 .JBTU>1]_n
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 M nP+L'|
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 %us# p|Ya
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 5
FE&
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 D?G'1+RIT~
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 tC5>K9Ed
would rather +动词过去式 @V Sr'?7-
真题剖析 Ek60 [a
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … '?6j.ms
M
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t (3 Z;c_N
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. l V9
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded & @ ${@
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. y@<&A~Cl^
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take V ONC<wC
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. -56gg^Pnr
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ,'n`]@0?\
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should "y60YYn-#J
非谓语动词 Q\}Ck+d` a
动名词、分词、不定式。 <`u_O!h
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) dU2:H}
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) v SY
YetL
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 B}J0 d
真题剖析 /iL*)
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. hrGX65>
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops !;K zR&
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. i.^:xZ
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Tv9\ ` F[
主谓一致 cdN =HM~I
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 xz~Y
%Y|Z
How you got there doesn’t concern me. . # Z"Sj
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. gh t3#
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 HBZ6 Pj
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ;#^ o5ht
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 +|TXKhm{
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 v57<b&p26
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). [NV/*>"j&
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 3#Iq5vT
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. s5V|.R
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) a }iP +#;
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） =\mJ5v"hA
He no less than John is interested in literature. ?<S fhjU
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) i5|)|x3
Either my father or my brothers are coming. y(#6nG@S
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 F%.UpV,
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. s< Fp17
真题剖析 ~Orz<%k.
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. +(W7hK4 ip
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ] g8z@r"b
倒装 'ka$@,s :
全部倒装 }0f ~hL24
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 6G }4KGQc
There stand big buildings in this district. .&`apQD}
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. jp1e3 Cg
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Z$B%V
t
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. +1@'2w{
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 A-
J# $B
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 3_ .%NgES|
4. 表语位于句首 \;!7IIe#
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. YLS*uXB&.
Not far from here is a famous university. 0F. S[!I
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ;lS sy
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. `C$QR
8
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ((< \VQ,>(
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Xbrc_ V\_
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. %|1s9?h7\
部分倒装 k+J63+obd
1. 疑问句 j ,lI\vw<
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） rq Uk_|Xa
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. lR9uD9D r
3. “only+状语”位于句首 e Q k5:{[
Only when he comes back can be leave. JIHIKH-#
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 u^#e 7u
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. c- !3wvt)
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ^FVmP d*1
By no means should you break the rules. 2 @@
evQ
At no time should we give in to difficulties. SLUQFoz}
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 4i5b.b U$
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” |`s:&<W+kp
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. -t>"s'kv
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. Plhakngj
