英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定 WRU@i;l  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 <LA`PbQa  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 &#EVE xL  
4、借助真题背单词 VAB&&AL  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 |@n{tog+-  
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词形相近类 N<i Vs  
例如： Wx\"wlJ7.3  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend {II7%\ya  
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commerce     商业 R`3>0LrC8  
comment      评论 W3-Rs&se  
commend      赞美 .$x[!fuuR&  
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例如：并发症 M6d w~0e  
        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation ;<GTtt#D  
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complication          并发症 gm8Tm$fY  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） D/6@bcCSY  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） <TROs!x$a  
contemplation        冥思苦想 PY:#F|uHS`  
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例如： (C_
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        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge (cew:z H  
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emit               发射、发送 k{w^MOHNg  
emerge          突然出现 qJzK8eW  
submerge      沉入、下沉 |0!97*H5  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步 )Ua2x@j'C@  
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四选项有三项为近义词类 tU2;Wb!Y  
例如： j1CD;9i)%  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent hLD;U J?S  
同一场景类 Xz@;`>8i  
例如： utS Mx(  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge 3n)iTSU3  
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parole               假释、保释 ul&7hHp_u%  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 -dN;\x  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 .7rsbZzs  
固定搭配类 | N,nt@~  
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例句： ] CE2/6Ph  
      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. Tj+WO6#V  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from .lS6KBf@  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten #Og_q$})f  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? M$A
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          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of 50`r}
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                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 Ms3/P|{"p  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. }N!8i'suz9  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge g E(03SX  
2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. `8Ix&d3F  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation
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3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. d|lzkY
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A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested 9r}}
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4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. 0\A[a4crj  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable m0YDO0  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. pTd@i1%Nr  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent g5`YUr+3?h  
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. <#i'3TUR  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged I115Rp0  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. yR-.OF,c  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive QG ia(  
8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. 7EUaf;d^  
A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent 4BX*-t  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. i=rW{0c%  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical uv4jbg}Z+3  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. ) Lv{  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic DzMkeX  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. LE"xZxe  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing B _ >|Mo/  
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. Rp1OC  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative oUH\SW8?  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. -\vq-n  
A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive ]|oqJ2P  
14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. a&JAF?k  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent _*_zyWW_j  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains. e3.TGv7=  
A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly WO^h\#^n  
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. =0A{z#6  
A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly x!J L9  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. "o`( k
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A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly a^N/N5-Z  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. a2zo_h2R  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged =1D*K%  
19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. MFVFr "  
A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back 4o_1F).\D  
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zebra   斑马 >Kxl+F  
doze    打盹 Qx:+n`$
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yearling  一岁家畜 'Mg%G(3  
duckling   小鸭子 ]uP{Sj  
yield屈服,生产 hPl;2r  
unyielding  不屈不挠的 pz(clTOD:  
eggshell  蛋壳 q.*qZ\;K  
eggwhite  蛋清 <ioX|.7ZX  
yolk  蛋黄 x9uA@$l^|
 
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 Bk8U\U
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x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 a].Bn#AH!C  
defect  毛病，缺陷 ;$nK ^  
sunsea seed earth 'oo]oeJ-  
sense理智 Drg'RR><  
sensibility  情感 @NO&3m]  
constitute  组成，构成 -i9/1.Z  
constitution宪法 fY>\VY$>  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 CnAhEf)b  
destitute   困穷的 y:1?~R  
semen  精子 h1,J<B@  
insemination  受精 E#T'=f[r~  
dissemination  传播 h$lY,7  
sol  唯一的 2PRGw K/  
solo独奏，独唱 tr):
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insulin胰岛素 XfB;^y=u8  
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Section A %R(j|a9z  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. d d8^V_Kx  
Section A b@nbXm]Z  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. ""TRLs!:M  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ ]kc]YO7i%R  
A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume }Li24JK  
2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. C'kd>LAGu  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational }4\>q$8'  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. 6SW:'u|90  
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated qky{]qNW  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. r!#NFek}  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges !)KX?i[Q  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas :E]A51  
A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform ppfBfMX  
6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments. W/xb[w9v  
A．in relation to                       B．with regard to i$"B  
C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with "P'
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7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. ;&?NuK  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak XEY((
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8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. i{!i% `"  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum sf@g $  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. |'b=xeH.^<  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource qP*$wKY,  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. k g0Z(T:&8  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across ?RA^Y N*9  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. ~g ~z"!K  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority n<y!@p^X  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. N@)tU;U3O  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast VLkK6W.u  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ r[JgCj+$&  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior
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14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. KPs5? X  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous iK s/8n  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. XW%!#S&;X  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out q;InFV3rv  
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Part B AFF7fK  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. Sz.jv#Y  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. RL[?&L$7^%  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity A|O7W|"W  
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. U(3{6^>Gc  
A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl "'~'xaU!=a  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. CZS{^6Ye  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally .u>IjK^  
19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water o=X6PoJN_  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. 
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20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. tT ~}lW)Y  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks !=V>DgmW  
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. a<B[~J4i  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to i<YatW~Pu  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to 6HW<E~G'6  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. >sv|  
A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable. zZ3,e L  
23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities Em N0K 'x  
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts TartV3;`  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. s/ib j@h  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded Y4sf
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25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. k-@CcrepF  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer q+>J'UGb  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. yQ?N*'}$  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge 0zCe|s.S&  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? 12M

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A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy $?Y Ry_SI  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. qsk8#  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible XO~xbG7>gZ  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. sPYG?P(l  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up 8zS't2 u  
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. 9->E$W  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion v|C)Q %v  
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Section A dVmI.A'nbp  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. dPwe.:  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ 2T3v^
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A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties {y0#(8-&  
32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. 2siUpmX  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative FVNxjMm,  
33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. B- =*"H?q  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend -&I%=0q  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. [ &RZ&  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding VRurn>y0  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. e0Cr>I5/e  
A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate aRPgo0,W1  
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being. zim]3%b*A;  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. (dn(:<_$  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. )_N|r$i\  
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived 2V%si6  
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. @ de_|*c  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity VZBT 'N  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. ;Nf5,D.D  
A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion <cm,U)j2  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. 1Y!"
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A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn VcKufV'  
Section B W<C \g~\  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. o5?f]Uq5 ,  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. a
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A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about gjB36R  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. mpfc2>6Il.  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose b@j**O>[q)  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. 'X&sH/>r  
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A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable O|j(CaF  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned. >MD['=J[d  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce ;BzbWvBo  
45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. 9a}rE  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit "`]G>,r_  
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. W FVx7  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant |@#37  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. 8OE=7
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A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced 5|S|S))_Q  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior.  pleLdGq  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions 2@K D '^(  
49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. b|mWEB.p  
A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying wBz?OnD/D  
50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. )yvI {   
A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose (T;4'c  
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Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) ZC}'! $r7  
Section A So>P)d$8+  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. DM {r<?V  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. {A2EGUmF2  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted Ia_I ~ U$  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. Py2AnpYa  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted ~uqpF-.  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan. 1>hY!nG h  
A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of 3ZdheenK9  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. #oBMA  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification O?`=<W/R  
C．eminence                                D．patent :)f/>-   
35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. b[5$$_[  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed &5JTcMC^  
36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ X!=E1TL  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake \XDc{c]  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. 6z;C~_BV  
A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible G@s]HJ:  
38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. Td!@i[6%H  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on Ns?qLSN  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. b| e7mis@  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational jUny&Alj  
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. \#1*r'V8  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting "S8JHHx  
Section B w[`2t{^j  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. CM$q{;y  
41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. )=,%iL-  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal ~Sq !P  
42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria． &)(>e}es  
A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended 8:W,""  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people. Y&vn`#   
A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin 2'R;z<_  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. $bf&ct*$h  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute K7G|cZ/^  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. N0Y$QWr_$  
A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing G)ppkH`qj  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. q?R)9E$h  
A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala w$ zX.;s  
47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. rE:"8d}z  
A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful RQaB_bg7  
48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. .9":Ljs(L  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting N^G $:GC  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. )<J|kC\r6c  
A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over bfjC:"!H  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. s^atBqw,  
A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve M @|n"(P  
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Section A |@84l  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. R?%J   
31．All the characters in the play are ______. *=sMJY9#jE  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining dC&OjBQ  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. 74[wZDW|(  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded *En29N#a{  
33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. 3q$[r_   
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated xz$-_NWW  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. -qI8zs$:5  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached 1Q5:Vo^B#  
35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. u-8b,$@Z>'  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward =:w]EpH"  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. -Kas9\VWEw  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted \?$`dA[  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. uW%(ySbq  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle ax.;IU  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. h_( #U)z_3  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to KQf=t0Z=Ce  
C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to As}eI!  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. 9}[
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A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge f:\)oIW9Kk  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. wV604eO(  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up !J6;F}Pd/  
Section B vcmB)P-T`O  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. #JAy  
41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. 8t)?$j$  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude h7P<3m}  
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. O)aWTI  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined up@I,9C/  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. 8v ZY+Q >  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing v
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t:O"t G  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. "c5bz  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment m-HL7&iG$  
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. W]CsKN,K  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved 2.2G79U,  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. ?;YymD _  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified Yo*.? Mq'  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. ?'IY0^  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden JQ%D6b  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. Pm/Rc  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression $`&zIz  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. ZnAXb S  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive | zy O;  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. 0,]m.)ws  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn TY`t3  
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