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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 8 ;"HM5+  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 6QG"~>v7'(  
  1 、医生 ^H~g7&f9?N  
  ① doctor, medical worker c, FZ{O@  
  ② physician 内科医生 pMLTXqL  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 pRGag~h|E  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 GtpBd40"  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 BL1d= %2 R  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 *dPG[ }  
wL~-k  
  2 、医院 %ZM"c  
  ① hospital OZ6:u^OS]  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 .njk^,N  
  The general hospital 普通医院 *IWWD\U  
  The community hospital 社区医院 6\vaR#  
  The public hospital 公立医院 hkl9 EVO)  
  The private hospital 私立医院 W}'l8z]   
  ② clinc 门诊 %Z+F X,AK  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 Wg\MaZ6Di  
  ③ ward 病房 ^5rB/y,  
④ medical team 医疗队 r2T$ ;m.  
0^K2"De  
3、 医疗手段 ;.Y-e Q,  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 r-$VPW  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 p9![8VU  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ToM1#]4  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 1'f&  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 {JQCfs  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | "P yG;N!W  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 Hq#q4Y  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 qW` DCZu  
(9)              TCM 中医 >f70-D28  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 *R3^:Y&  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 [xo-ZDIoG  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 `t3w|%La}  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 rqz48~\lJ  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 +<bvh<]Od  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; lf#5X)V  
eI98J"h%?  
  4 、医疗体制 E8L\3V4  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 *#83U?  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 T&'LQZM8  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 QL:Qzr[  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 i,,mt_/,  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 9r> iP L2H  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 8ib e#jlg  
g%okYH?  
  5 、医德 mFt\xGa  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 wRg[Mu,Q5  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 iy|;xBI,  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 W&HxMi  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 5Gm8U"UR  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 A<IV"bo  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 NfZC}  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 |Xmzq X%  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 5t|$Yt[  
xVTl  
  6 、病人 -@Z9h)G|  
  (1 )patient 3zv0Nwb,  
  (2 )the sick &5*t*tI  
  (3 )the invalid BwAmNW&i  
  (4) sufferer xeKm} MN]S  
   #Q BW%L  
(二)疾病 =&PO_t5)z  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 W6):IW(E  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 2OjU3z<J  
  (2) contract (v ) 5 BeU/  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 7!;zkou  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ng9 _c  
`|mV~F|  
  2 、必知疾病名称 goNDS5}  
  heart disease 心脏病 &'Xgf!x  
  hypertension 高血压 U G4I @@=  
  kidney problem 肾病 &UO/p/a  
  stroke 中风 2b Fr8FUt-  
    shock 休克 [fY7|  
  the blood pressure 血压 ?)Je%H  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ]W5p\(1g  
  obesity 肥胖 M!X^2  
  terminal illness 绝症 &8I*N6p:%/  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Cxe(iwa.  
  cancer 癌症  x$FcF8  
  tumor 肿瘤 24wr=5p]Q  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 "p+JME(  
  emergency case 急症 X~/-,oV=A  
  serious illness 重症 B ]sVlbt  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 vP\6=7 1Y  
  short breath 短气 (Ffa{Tt!  
  syndrome 综合症 r]]:/pw?t  
  complications 并发症 s'OK])>`  
  process 病程 B>sQcZ:  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 KTwP.!<v  
short-sighted (adj)近视 3{$>-d  
`b%^_@Fb  
  3、传染病 (y1S*_D  
  (1) 感染源 o)$eIu}Wg  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 0k4XVd+Nv  
  (2 )传染疾病 ):A.A,skf  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 ` k(Q:  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 vZs~=nfi#|  
  infection contagion 传染病 "z= ~7g  
  infectious diseases 传染病 if3z Fh  
  AIDS 艾滋病 zMM ~4?4  
  SARS U??OiKVZ+  
  (3) 传染 p["pGsf  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 xMa9o  
  block the channel (v) UUa@7|x  
  disseminate 传播 E*kZGHA  
cross infection 交叉感染 ?^LG>GgV  
b! teSf  
  5 、疾病、病痛 25r3[gX9`  
  illness J HV  
  sickness $ f||!g  
  disease :LC3>x`:  
  ailment O7 yj<  
suffering =h+-1zp{M^  
U-U(_W5&  
  6 、疾病的转归 : #so"O  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 &7\fj  
  recover recovery K4I/a#S'@6  
  recuperate @X9T"  
  resume W@zu N)U  
  recruit }]<|`FNc  
  reinstate +8"P*z,  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 77wod}h!:  
  deteriorate 2Uu!_n}tNF  
  aggravate 2OqEyXh  
  exasperate B@ ms Gb C  
  make worse Dd-a*6|x  
  worsen mHJGpJ=a-  
   K}GR U)  
    7、其他相关词汇 .YP&E1lNi  
  outbreak and spending {.DY\;Q  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 I7#JT?\}  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 2]FRIy d  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 h-SKw=n  
  taboo 禁忌 2 !9Zw$  
  speed up blood circulation (v) CC3M7|eO3  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) F[W0gjUc  
  side effects 副反应 {wDe#c{_  
complain of 主述 v!$?;"d+  
{) sE;p-  
   mgM"u94-]  
(三)药物 ]KG.-o30  
  1 、药物名称 X|QokAR{$>  
  medicine X\i;j!;d  
  drug (Jk[%_b>_  
  remedy b):aqRwP  
  medicinal herbs Kltqe5  
  power B7'yc`)H  
  tablet 2"%f:?xV{  
pill SZ7; } r8  
f/4DFs{  
  2 、药物用法 joZd  
  开药 : KGI <G  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases M=SrZ,W  
  write out a proscription {))Cb9'  
  服药 _={mKKoHs  
  take a medicine y7GgTC/H  
  治…的疾病 'T3xZ?*q=  
a remedy for some diseases EQ|Wke  
3"k n5)x  
3 、其他相关词汇 6K=}n] n  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 @L0)k^:  
  side effects 副反应 8s-X H  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 !C^>tmqS  
  drugstore 药房 *& R|0I{>  
  over the counter 非处方药 BqA_C W  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 9RkNRB)8  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ,Tk53 "  
  prescription 处方 #YK3Ogb,  
  expenses for medicine 药费 @e$EwCV,  
  charges for medicine +>$Kmy[3  
drug rebate 药品回扣 \g)?7>M|  
eIN0 T;1T  
   @,]W  
(四)心理疾病 HW#@e kh  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 +V[;DOlll  
  subhealth 亚健康 tT]mMlKJ  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 &0J8I Cd=  
  psychological problem 心理问题 D>Rlm,U  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 ,pQ[e$u1  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 %,aSD#l`f  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 5 [4{1v  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ua_,c\iL  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 Z$6B}cz<  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 N3oa!PE  
psychological expert 心理专家 I#7H)^us  
4p6T0II_$  
  2 、情绪词汇 ocp  
  overcome j8rxhToC  
  disappoint ,\d03wha  
  disappointed c+8 Y|GB  
  shy , MfKru,LSh  
  flush 5~E{bW$  
  frustration :&2% x  
  failure -SzCeq(p%5  
  willpower vu*9(t)EC  
  optimism ?`6Mfpvj96  
  optimistic IMpL+W.  
  be sensitive to ZZfi,0R  
  nervous P\z1fscnK  
  tensional K 6,c||#<  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Y|W#VyM-  
  confident confidence /sPa$D  
  stress pressure w7vQ6jkH  
  depress depressed m2ph8KC  
  depression depressive 5 7;( P  
   u9]M3>  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 9C5F#(uY  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 0G+ qF96  
   t$R0UprK  
(五)肥胖与营养 I+jc  
  1 、营养物质 !MmbwB'  
  nutrient 营养素 ^?0?*  
  protein 蛋白质 ma"M?aM  
  fat 脂肪 L[Wi[S6=)g  
  glucose 葡萄糖 4=& d{.E  
  vitamin 维生素 xr!A>q+@i  
  sugar 糖类 :&E~~EUW  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 G,(Xz"`,  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 87KSV"IU8  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 Dr}elR>~G=  
cholesterol胆固醇 \D#+0  
EFu>  
  2 、营养与饮食 X6?Gxf,  
  a well-balanced diet t6)R 37  
  nutrition 营养 ax 2#XSCO  
  nutritional 营养的 A!$sO p  
90wnwz  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 !Uhcjfq`e  
M?['HoRo  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Fg2/rC:_  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase E6-~  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; zT hut!O  
4.       食品安全 food safety bW3Ah?0N  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies x LK,Je  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to mxwG~a'_  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ksYPF&l  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system dcE(uf  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care z qd1G(tO  
10.   服务体系service system A CY!H)6k  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene v6T<K)S  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. P>|sCF  
13.   清淡的lite dmMrZ1u2  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 3b<;y%  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN n+Ng7  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 u$^r(.EV  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 6%&w\< (SG  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease YsRq.9Mr  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; VB4ir\nF  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ~jC$C2A0  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" (~ :ip)v  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission t0 T#Xb  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `O?j -zR  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate [Lf8*U"  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness S&'-wA Ed  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s &tlU.Whk+  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse <!?ZH"F0  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to _^F%$K6  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – nA+gqY6 6|  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver _P=L| U#C  
31.   血压 hypertension 7t6TB*H  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon }wGy#!CSza  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 x0q `Uc  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ mFBuKp+0)h  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 3u= >Y^wu  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health MAgox q~;V  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds U{3Pk0rZ  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations eXtlqU$  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle [} "m4+  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 x< ) T,c5Y  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people l ZD"7om  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent -$(2Z[  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from D(">bR)1  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to L!:;H,  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to K1-y[pS]E  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ~4ysg[`  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive cb_nlG!  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak !l1jQq_mK  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly jp#/]>(9Z  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations >F;yfv;  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ~P+;_  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate DbH'Qs?z  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy mUwGr_)wj  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances Ny 7vId  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance =b#,OXQ  
56.   退休养老金retirement n r%` |kN  
57.   医疗改革health care reform jGOE CKP  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity vOBXAF  
59.   月经期menstrual period S wL" 2Cm  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace RVa{%   
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care #|acRZ9 }  
62.   安乐死euthanasia d{RMX<;G  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill Cg%}=  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! rJc=&'{&)N  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient =_,j89E  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ci{WyIh  
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