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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 b"y][5VE  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ~'e/lX9g-  
  1 、医生 ]3C&l+m$ot  
  ① doctor, medical worker [*O#6Xu  
  ② physician 内科医生 )} y1  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 ?+S&`%?  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 a(Bo.T<2@  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ;9pOtr  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 VrA9}"1x~*  
WKFmU0RK  
  2 、医院 :cmfy6h]  
  ① hospital h*f=  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 %QUV351H  
  The general hospital 普通医院 MX 2UYZ&  
  The community hospital 社区医院 1q*85 [Y  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ?]081l7cd  
  The private hospital 私立医院 sT9P  
  ② clinc 门诊 6|m1z  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ^IuHc_  
  ③ ward 病房 n`T 4aDm  
④ medical team 医疗队 BlS0I%SN  
ul+ +h4N  
3、 医疗手段 /_?E0 r  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 rp.S4;=Q9  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 ~a8J"Wh  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 lcij}-z:%e  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis I.j`h2  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 m,v "N%k,  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | *plsZ*Q8  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 FfN==2:b  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 !}^c.<38Q  
(9)              TCM 中医 YMwMaU)K,  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 b&A+`d  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 K Ii Vz<  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 'MPt K  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 {j[[E/8N!y  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 :k075Zr/#D  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ;VM/Cxgep  
D{h1"q  
  4 、医疗体制 'Zf_/ y  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ;Aiuy{<  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 R>Fie5?  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 H^p ?t=Y  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 gpsEN(.w  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 RyC]4 QyC  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 xj)*K%re  
3k5OYUk  
  5 、医德 ?UoA'~=  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 q*TH),)J  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 V#^~JJW^  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 gzvEy^X  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 g1JD8~ a  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 BQmg$N,F  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 @$gvV]dA  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 QKYIBX  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 1[C,*\X8v  
$[}31=0  
  6 、病人 1j# ~:=I  
  (1 )patient ..3TB=Z#  
  (2 )the sick x"K<@mR5G  
  (3 )the invalid NQ !t`  
  (4) sufferer -RVwPY  
   6 9ia #  
(二)疾病 m.EI("n"J  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 1]aM)},  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) `MlQPLH  
  (2) contract (v ) (]^9>3{|  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 nV,qC .z  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 t8\F7F P  
$SRpFz5y$  
  2 、必知疾病名称 ~tn*y4uK  
  heart disease 心脏病 _N$3c<dY'  
  hypertension 高血压 f%` =>l  
  kidney problem 肾病 thDQ44<#)  
  stroke 中风 r@f8-!{s2h  
    shock 休克 q|b#=Af]g  
  the blood pressure 血压 7f#e#_sM;  
  diabetes 糖尿病 E#v}//  
  obesity 肥胖 w< <>XIL  
  terminal illness 绝症 H ifKa/}P8  
  incurable illness 不治之症 EeG7 %S 5(  
  cancer 癌症 4Pe%*WTX  
  tumor 肿瘤 $[T^ S  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 6x)7=_:0  
  emergency case 急症 M' e<\wqm  
  serious illness 重症 pYa8iQ`6U;  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 5,})x]'x  
  short breath 短气 rCGXHbj%  
  syndrome 综合症 R2vT\ 6xv  
  complications 并发症 :f G5?])  
  process 病程 bGOOC?[UX  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ,dhJ\cQ~  
short-sighted (adj)近视 nICc}U?k  
;{EIx*<d  
  3、传染病 F kY}6  
  (1) 感染源 Q^prHn*@  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 3)88B"E  
  (2 )传染疾病 O B`(,m#  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 ^ gMoW  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 \(2w /~  
  infection contagion 传染病 `qnp   
  infectious diseases 传染病 +wc8rE6+W  
  AIDS 艾滋病 mivb}cKM  
  SARS _;!7:'J  
  (3) 传染 YbtsJ <w  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 ]xC#XYE:dy  
  block the channel (v) ]<L(r,@,  
  disseminate 传播 v e($l"T  
cross infection 交叉感染 V5:ad  
#(swVo:+E  
  5 、疾病、病痛 >RJjm&M  
  illness -fpe  
  sickness 0DtewN{Z  
  disease W*S}^6ZT`  
  ailment pHQrjEF *  
suffering 94^)Ar~O  
9gq+,g>E_  
  6 、疾病的转归 }Q $}LR@  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 T_R2BBT v  
  recover recovery '8%jA$o\g  
  recuperate =LXjq~p  
  resume O6*2oUKqK  
  recruit ')N[)&&Q{  
  reinstate (#kKL??W  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 &~mJ ).*  
  deteriorate 5aj%<r  
  aggravate hL4T7`  
  exasperate nQGl]2  
  make worse Zd 5Jz+f  
  worsen UQZl:DYa  
   QB uX#bDV  
    7、其他相关词汇 u9nJ;:  
  outbreak and spending [)+wke9  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 _'8P8 T&  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 vA3wn><  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 *+OS;R1<  
  taboo 禁忌 @An}  
  speed up blood circulation (v) |\zzOfaO  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) :KmnwYm  
  side effects 副反应 dI%?uk  
complain of 主述 "uli~ {IU  
1 |  
   ?g\emhG  
(三)药物 m"@o  
  1 、药物名称 6ao~f?JZ  
  medicine xa.tH)R  
  drug gw!d[{#  
  remedy 9X?RJ."J  
  medicinal herbs MaPOmS8?  
  power b)@D@K"5  
  tablet v,C~5J3h)  
pill 5(gWK{R)*  
tr5 j<O  
  2 、药物用法 |kH.o=  
  开药 : MuJP.]5>`  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases [^Bjmw[7  
  write out a proscription O\CnKNk,  
  服药 g<@Q)p*ow  
  take a medicine h%U}Y5Ps~  
  治…的疾病 $ay!'MK0d  
a remedy for some diseases &?1O D5  
#i .,+Q  
3 、其他相关词汇 r<'DS9m  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 8v z h5,U  
  side effects 副反应 D2g/P8.<A  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 w >2sr^!y  
  drugstore 药房 pHuR_U5*?  
  over the counter 非处方药 t7l{^d_L  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 T60pw  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 Hdg Ny\  
  prescription 处方 QyxUK}6mr  
  expenses for medicine 药费 lP*n%Pn)  
  charges for medicine I 1n,c d[  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ~;?<OOt|wG  
 od{\z  
   q\}+]|nGs  
(四)心理疾病 H0#=oJr$)W  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ;1[Z&Uv8  
  subhealth 亚健康 ,,BP}f+l$  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 l 9 wO x  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ^ZO! (  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 %s"& |32  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 9sT5l"?g  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 }04mJY[  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ! ig& 8:  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 :^ WF% X  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 s :7/\h  
psychological expert 心理专家 0W}qp?  
RSe4 lw  
  2 、情绪词汇  k`Ifl)  
  overcome +:uz=~m o`  
  disappoint i ? ~-%  
  disappointed !}z'"l4i  
  shy , *9"x0bth  
  flush HB8s[]A:D  
  frustration 7n6g;8xE  
  failure oDV6[e  
  willpower ^APtV6g  
  optimism 29,ET}~  
  optimistic s@ r{TXEn  
  be sensitive to Q0Ft.b  
  nervous }a||@unr  
  tensional d]] z )  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic IgG[Pr'D  
  confident confidence g w([08  
  stress pressure X}v*"`@Q  
  depress depressed ^~;ia7V&2  
  depression depressive  ~2"hh$  
   GYfOwV!zB  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 P[ WkW#  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary w!7ApEH1  
   Lj3o-@\*j  
(五)肥胖与营养 ZOqS"3j! j  
  1 、营养物质 FAEF  
  nutrient 营养素 t1adS:)s  
  protein 蛋白质 ki9&AFs2X  
  fat 脂肪 yov~'S9  
  glucose 葡萄糖 RW L0@\  
  vitamin 维生素 +-^>B %/&Z  
  sugar 糖类 [34N/;5  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 xmv %O&0^}  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 k{SGbC1=VK  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 1.cP3k l  
cholesterol胆固醇 -`~qmRpqY  
&J6`Q<U!  
  2 、营养与饮食 ,x8;| o5  
  a well-balanced diet  vmqa_gU\  
  nutrition 营养 ~?F,kmO}?  
  nutritional 营养的 8%7%[WC#  
?bB>}:~j)  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Y<xqws  
a;HAuy`M x  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 7AV{ h[J  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase +.V+@!  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; %#x4wi  
4.       食品安全 food safety ?G,4N<]Nu  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies  Unk/uk  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to X1 ^VdJE  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU mU/o%|h  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system OIblBQ!  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care "V|Rq]_+%  
10.   服务体系service system A is<:}z  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ?v2_7x&  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. $plk>Khg  
13.   清淡的lite \dk1a  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet hfwJZ\_60  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN W:r[o%B  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 [3Q0KCZ0(  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; -<g9 ) CV5  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease cIU2qFn[  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; Sy8t2lk  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion <XeDJ8 '  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" z9o]);dZ  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission IK -vcG  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D :\;9y3  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate FQWjL>NB  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness ?{J1&;j*  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s n_Qu uUB  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse o-<i+To%  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to FWW4n_74  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 392V\qtS  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver zdP?HJ=F  
31.   血压 hypertension 7'wpPXdY1  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon RRO@r}A!y  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 lU1SN/'zx  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ BbB3#/g  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 _c]}m3/  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 30h[&Oc  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds LW=qX%o {  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations "5JMk -2k  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle +:Zwo+\kSN  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 kH 9k<{  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people U`*we43  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent lg|6~=aQ  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from m0G"Aj  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to wGO-Z']i  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to Yyk~!G/@  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 3n2^;b/]  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive yK{P%oh)  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak {r&r^!K;  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly %[n5mF*`  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations puOM tCI  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon #|\|G3Si %  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate {Lju7'5L  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Z{3=.z{&^=  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances @Hj]yb5  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance r%: :q^b3  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 6~ET@"0uK  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ,$]m1|t@z  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ufR|V-BWx  
59.   月经期menstrual period S #W:.Fsq  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace n_sV>$f-u  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care X>dQK4!R  
62.   安乐死euthanasia (ht"wY#T<(  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill covCa)kf  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! i (rYc  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient C4E*q3[Y  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ]_ LAy  
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