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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 l8FJ\5'M  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 R iLl\S#  
  1 、医生 M0w Uis:`  
  ① doctor, medical worker AioW*`[WjA  
  ② physician 内科医生 mD'nF1o Ly  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 uO]D=Z\S(  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 6Qkjr</  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 UjI./"]O  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 ?>;aD  
1kvX#h&V  
  2 、医院 gy}3ZA*F  
  ① hospital @D;K&:~|N  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 z\m$>C|  
  The general hospital 普通医院 v6 U!(x  
  The community hospital 社区医院 6CyByj&  
  The public hospital 公立医院 |HycBTN#E  
  The private hospital 私立医院 GrLxERf  
  ② clinc 门诊 =MqEbQn{C3  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 -s 0SQe{!_  
  ③ ward 病房 rN&fFI  
④ medical team 医疗队 g$uiwqNA%  
! v![K  
3、 医疗手段 zeMV_rW~  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 c +]r  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 >Lcu  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 lf( +]k30  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 'l/l]26rO4  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 &>c=/]Lop  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 2?ue.1C  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 GG#-x$jK  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 usc/DQ1  
(9)              TCM 中医 E/H9#  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 L"YQji!  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 1Lf -  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 c^_+<C-F  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 q}_8iDO6  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 gkK( 7=r%  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ^ h_rE |c  
:30daKo  
  4 、医疗体制 I_B%F#X)  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 &DQ_qOKD  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 3x(Y+ ymP  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 CM~x1f*v  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 /\fR6|tJ  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 ."Pn[$'.  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 &LV'"2ng8  
}Q[U4G  
  5 、医德 9F3aT'3#!  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 + $M<ck?Bo  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 uaD+G:{ [  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 #+i5'p(4  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ?z.  Z_A&  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 &|IO+'_  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 hB 'rkjt  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 pvWNiW:~k  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ;qzn_W  
DW,Z})9  
  6 、病人 VaonG]Ues  
  (1 )patient ./ tZ*sP:  
  (2 )the sick r{* Qsaw  
  (3 )the invalid r" |do2s  
  (4) sufferer 9r:|u:i7m  
   7#H Se#0J  
(二)疾病 ;<MHl[jJD  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 4Qi-zNNB  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 6XAofN/5f  
  (2) contract (v ) &G-dxET]  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ^c}kVQ\g3  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 n-?zH:]GG{  
X~*/ ~f  
  2 、必知疾病名称 cI6Td*vM  
  heart disease 心脏病 tI0D{Xrc  
  hypertension 高血压 G[d]t$f=  
  kidney problem 肾病 1Fsa}UK  
  stroke 中风 'v(b^x<ZS  
    shock 休克 do.XMdit  
  the blood pressure 血压 f(EO|d^u  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ~A(^<  
  obesity 肥胖 T0o0_R  
  terminal illness 绝症 Fbw.Y6  
  incurable illness 不治之症 n482?Wp  
  cancer 癌症 (V}?y:)  
  tumor 肿瘤 #8WHIDS>  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 B;<zA' 1  
  emergency case 急症 RRpCWc Iv"  
  serious illness 重症 Gg^gK*D  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 I#(?xHx  
  short breath 短气 |QyZ:`0u  
  syndrome 综合症 ,y)V5 c1  
  complications 并发症 +^$E)Ol  
  process 病程 TOx@Y$_9Q8  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 =>e> r~cW  
short-sighted (adj)近视 ka$la;e3  
qjN*oM,  
  3、传染病 ?{1& J9H  
  (1) 感染源 h\|T(597.  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 ?0d#O_la 3  
  (2 )传染疾病 /9ZU_y4&3f  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 5[`f(;  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 1Uc/ r>u9  
  infection contagion 传染病 Y";K WA}b  
  infectious diseases 传染病 *3(mNpi{_  
  AIDS 艾滋病 1 l-Y)   
  SARS Md*.q^:  
  (3) 传染 C|S~>4`  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 2zkO s:  
  block the channel (v) &Y 2Dft_K  
  disseminate 传播 pE{Ecrc3|  
cross infection 交叉感染 -T>i5'2)  
}k @S mO8  
  5 、疾病、病痛 OyIIJ!(  
  illness H ;)B5C  
  sickness }(9ZME<(  
  disease |+Tq[5&R  
  ailment Oh,]"(+  
suffering Bk/&H-NI  
C/q!!  
  6 、疾病的转归 jaQH1^~l/-  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 *_K*GCy  
  recover recovery /sdZf|Zl  
  recuperate 7Q?^wx  
  resume vU9:` @beu  
  recruit b[~-b  
  reinstate 4-oaq'//BT  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 T_fM\jdI  
  deteriorate H'&[kgnQ@  
  aggravate '%y;{,g*  
  exasperate $t0JfDd6Ky  
  make worse Sv!JA#Ag  
  worsen U|x#'jGo'  
   l_Zx'm  
    7、其他相关词汇 XJ7pX1nf  
  outbreak and spending I8uFMP  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ~nApRC)0  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 `i<Z< <c>  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 >~_)2_j  
  taboo 禁忌 Z}.ZTEB  
  speed up blood circulation (v) `UT UrM  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) w1 eFm:'  
  side effects 副反应 ~ 7<M6F  
complain of 主述 <,D*m+BWn  
^!gq_x  
   1x%B`d  
(三)药物 w"C,oo3  
  1 、药物名称 ?$l|];m)-  
  medicine SYa O'c  
  drug D}Sww5ZmP  
  remedy ,e$6%R  
  medicinal herbs -+0kay%  
  power 4]6-)RHFB  
  tablet <_#2+7Qs  
pill 5lM2nhlf'b  
4u+0 )<  
  2 、药物用法 W1EYVXN  
  开药 : MdmN7>  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Gr#3GvL  
  write out a proscription V@[C=K  
  服药 e['<.Yf+  
  take a medicine 5~j#Z (}u  
  治…的疾病 D:/ q<<|  
a remedy for some diseases @\o"zU  
|Wjpnz  
3 、其他相关词汇 UtP|<]{  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 cv G*p||  
  side effects 副反应 MX8|;t  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 v?Utz~lQ  
  drugstore 药房 <fM}Kk  
  over the counter 非处方药 0Qq<h;8xEc  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ~$J(it-a  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 *tgu@9b  
  prescription 处方 8|)^m[c&  
  expenses for medicine 药费 O9ps?{g  
  charges for medicine P^Owgr=Y  
drug rebate 药品回扣 &lLfVa-l  
=$fz</S=J  
   kS8?N`2}LV  
(四)心理疾病 ir/uHN@  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 mfN'+`r  
  subhealth 亚健康 S#?2E8  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 q\]X1N  
  psychological problem 心理问题 f!`? _  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 [&PF ;)i  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 rpK&OR/  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 }b&lHr'Uw  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 .8u@/f%pV  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 t`+A;%=K]  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 HyVV,q^E  
psychological expert 心理专家 w9G|)UDib  
"(7y% TFt:  
  2 、情绪词汇 gTXpaB<  
  overcome 6]Hwr_/tk  
  disappoint KF_fz   
  disappointed |HD>m'e  
  shy , +w^,!gA&  
  flush Sb/?<$>  
  frustration XGR2L DR  
  failure  pE)NSZ  
  willpower jJ$B^Y"4  
  optimism ?J2A1iuq3  
  optimistic 8%#8P LB2  
  be sensitive to 6r<a  
  nervous R+Hu?Dv&F  
  tensional rM ,e $  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic @)6b  
  confident confidence RTcxZ/\" #  
  stress pressure UpGDLbf^  
  depress depressed ey DV911  
  depression depressive 7s xX?u  
   hi1Ial\Y  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 sX%n`L  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary )OV0YfO   
   q>2bkcGY#  
(五)肥胖与营养  4@  
  1 、营养物质 = UH3.  
  nutrient 营养素 e.n(NW  
  protein 蛋白质 Q%JI-&K  
  fat 脂肪 <u!cdYo@  
  glucose 葡萄糖 T?pS2I~  
  vitamin 维生素 smf"F\W s  
  sugar 糖类 W7qh1}_%  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 M,]|L ch  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 \~ D(ww  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 xak)YOLRV  
cholesterol胆固醇 6eV#x%z@v'  
9=>fx  
  2 、营养与饮食 vV}w>A p[  
  a well-balanced diet 'I]XX==_  
  nutrition 营养 x s{pGQ6Q  
  nutritional 营养的 I%3[aBz4  
ljKIxSvCFp  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Tlw'05\{J  
Al-`}g+^  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 3v8LzS3@  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase UHZuH?|@  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; %!<Y  
4.       食品安全 food safety v-1}&K  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies entU+Or  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to G4)~p!TSQ  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU W;vNmg}mn  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Oidf\%!mvR  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care m{/7)2.  
10.   服务体系service system A YZol4q|ic  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene o`bc/3!  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. xlI =)ak{  
13.   清淡的lite  &9y Zfp  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet >+2&7u  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN FZHA19Kb  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 Xh9QfT,  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; r_T)| ||v  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease l(t&<O(m9  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; -o ).<&#  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ]\(8d[ 4  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" X6HaC+P  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission M>AxVL  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D K gL!~J  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate kaBjA*  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness B~]Kqp7yU  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s =X$ieXq|  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse }p)K6!J0  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to /R# zu_i  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – {9x_E {  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 86ao{l6lC  
31.   血压 hypertension GY~$<^AK  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon c!6D{(sfh  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 &.)=>2  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ <:S qMf  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 m^A2 8X7  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health o4Q?K.9c  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds f{sT*_at  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations sZ `Tv[  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle tLE8+[ SU  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 R/hf"E1  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people eM7@!CdA9q  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent oRV}Nz7hr  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from xGd60"w2  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to {:X'9NEE  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to iE%"Q? Q/  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to i5e10@Q{  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive &[E\2 E  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak R5HT EB  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly QPlU+5Cx  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ptCF))Zm'  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon I68u%fCv  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate E_,/)U8  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy .LzA'q1+z  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances %cF`x_h[j  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance sI>w#1.m/&  
56.   退休养老金retirement n  rj4@  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 4_#$k{  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity =EJ&=t  
59.   月经期menstrual period S Jh"[ug  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace !0{SVsc)  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Jqoo&T")  
62.   安乐死euthanasia -E-#@s  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill DV5hTw0  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ETDWG_H |  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient `z!AjAT-G  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. h:Pfiw]  
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