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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 7~;)N$d\  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 `i+2YCk  
  1 、医生 9W-1P}e,  
  ① doctor, medical worker 1H-~+lf  
  ② physician 内科医生 .v-2A);I  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 s'OK])>`  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 5Zmc3&vRl  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 U#<{RqY  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 =#A/d `2 b  
b `bg`}x  
  2 、医院 /c6]DQ<?  
  ① hospital #%L_wJB-  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 T_#8i^;D  
  The general hospital 普通医院 \j &&o  
  The community hospital 社区医院 BuUM~k&SY  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ltMcEv-d0  
  The private hospital 私立医院 =@q,/FR-  
  ② clinc 门诊 ;jO+<~YP!  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ]z| 2  
  ③ ward 病房 Ps;4]=c  
④ medical team 医疗队 ="P FCxi  
66$ hdT$  
3、 医疗手段 B~J63Os/  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 9l:[jsk<d  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 06v'!M  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 T)Q_dF.N  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 9xE_Awlc85  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 Og8%SnEpMI  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ~=<uYv?0s  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 !lA~;F  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 B]mMwqM#  
(9)              TCM 中医 _a_T`fE&de  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 t**d{P+  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 c0w1 N]+Ne  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 n36iY'<)G  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 Z|)1ftcC  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 4r86@^c*  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 7Jz 9%iP  
KP $AT}D  
  4 、医疗体制 A"R(?rQi=  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 QjYw^[o  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 YkFERIa076  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 rj?c   
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 C~. T[Mlu  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Md8<IFi9]Q  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 QXO~DR1  
Q ;5A~n  
  5 、医德 rfzzMV  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 u g;~dhe~  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 (.L?sDQ</z  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 7@m+ y  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ~k}O"{ y  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ;:>q;%  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 @P i]kWW})  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 .[3C  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people L]&y[/\E1  
e"*ho [  
  6 、病人  Vo%Z|  
  (1 )patient R|` `A5zQ  
  (2 )the sick FN (O  
  (3 )the invalid 6':Egh[;  
  (4) sufferer N.ZuSkRM  
   H0.A;`  
(二)疾病 _>?.MUPB  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 n.R "n9v`  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) PAxR?2m{  
  (2) contract (v ) ,e'"SVQc  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 uY/C iTWr  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 #JXXq%4 @  
i&DUlmt)f  
  2 、必知疾病名称 N|ZGc{?  
  heart disease 心脏病 } j;es(~D  
  hypertension 高血压 m&be55M;  
  kidney problem 肾病 G|"m-.9F  
  stroke 中风 5@I/+D  
    shock 休克 NLxR6O4}8  
  the blood pressure 血压 O'3/21)|y  
  diabetes 糖尿病 gkKNOus  
  obesity 肥胖 U)Tl<l<  
  terminal illness 绝症 {k[dg0UV  
  incurable illness 不治之症 wrK@1F9!  
  cancer 癌症 GZY:EHuz[  
  tumor 肿瘤 BlcsDB =ka  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 Z5EII[=$o  
  emergency case 急症 P6=5:-Hh  
  serious illness 重症 ez5>V7Y  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 . NxskXq)  
  short breath 短气 W`TSR?4~t?  
  syndrome 综合症 &0J8I Cd=  
  complications 并发症 K*4ib/'E a  
  process 病程 J6rWe  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 |Z+qaq{X  
short-sighted (adj)近视 Z/4bxO=m  
2d  YU  
  3、传染病 8|5+\1!#/)  
  (1) 感染源 %afF %y  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 ~d ~oC$=TC  
  (2 )传染疾病 :lmimAMt  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 fGe"1MfU  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 C 20VSwd  
  infection contagion 传染病 `49!di[  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ZU2D.Kf_:  
  AIDS 艾滋病 ,_=LV  
  SARS IMpL+W.  
  (3) 传染 T| R!Aw.  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 q~*|Wd'&  
  block the channel (v) q^<;B Y  
  disseminate 传播 ]g ,j  
cross infection 交叉感染 VMNdC}  
w[ )HQ1K  
  5 、疾病、病痛 \\d8ulu  
  illness %z"$?Iv  
  sickness [D Te  
  disease WW7E*kc  
  ailment xr!A>q+@i  
suffering V warU(*  
?3v-ppw%  
  6 、疾病的转归 KQ(S\   
  (1 )疾病的恢复 \D#+0  
  recover recovery 2%`8  
  recuperate X 3ZKN;  
  resume PX?^v8wlqL  
  recruit j1 ap,<\.k  
  reinstate "# Q"gC.K  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 1d&Q E\2}  
  deteriorate %fh-x(4v  
  aggravate |m$]I4Jr  
  exasperate T%YN(f  
  make worse /[q_f  
  worsen KF`mOSP  
   #vPk XcP  
    7、其他相关词汇 x\G<R; Q  
  outbreak and spending ~UsE"5  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 2nSz0 .  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 yv> 6u7  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 \Fu(IuD  
  taboo 禁忌 VB4ir\nF  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 4HGR-S/  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) !nF. whq  
  side effects 副反应 ^3Z~RK\}  
complain of 主述 *o=( w5   
zR}vR9Ls  
   <!?ZH"F0  
(三)药物 _^F%$K6  
  1 、药物名称 @ 8SA^u0  
  medicine DM{Z#b]  
  drug Lo +H&-  
  remedy s09&A]G  
  medicinal herbs kM(,8j  
  power sTi3x)#xB  
  tablet V:1_k"zQ  
pill Mbtk:GuY  
^=w){]G  
  2 、药物用法 F\+!\b*lP  
  开药 : rmhL|! Y  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases d-#yN:}0  
  write out a proscription ],f%: ?%50  
  服药 3O?[Yhk`.  
  take a medicine <+ckE 2j  
  治…的疾病 )`<7qT_BM  
a remedy for some diseases ujbJ&p   
~4ysg[`  
3 、其他相关词汇 WNiM&iU  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 3}i(i0+  
  side effects 副反应 +Pb@@C&  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 8Y~\:3&1<  
  drugstore 药房 V(6Ql j7  
  over the counter 非处方药 w;V+)r?w  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 *Q,9 [k  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 r%` |kN  
  prescription 处方 >W=^>8u  
  expenses for medicine 药费 vOBXAF  
  charges for medicine 6 G?7>M  
drug rebate 药品回扣 RVa{%   
5OHF=wh  
   MF4B 2d  
(四)心理疾病 p`oHF  5  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 cmbl"Pqy1  
  subhealth 亚健康 g42Z*+P6N  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 5s1XO*s)>X  
  psychological problem 心理问题 D P+W* 87J  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 j9$kaEf  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 U#F(%b-LC  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 N##- vV  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 7>yb8/J  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 hO4*  X  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ,L^ag&!4  
psychological expert 心理专家 }y #aO  
>d5L4&r  
  2 、情绪词汇 <5sP%Fs)  
  overcome 5q{ -RJ  
  disappoint uZ(,7>0  
  disappointed NUGiDJ+[  
  shy , BYWs\6vK  
  flush 'n!kqP  
  frustration '| bHu  
  failure I8{ohFFo  
  willpower (j884bu  
  optimism  '' Pfs<!  
  optimistic L QA6iZBP  
  be sensitive to r>x >aJ  
  nervous 1agI/R  
  tensional SoL"M[O  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic $o>6Io|D  
  confident confidence q  O X=M  
  stress pressure m0+'BC{$u  
  depress depressed P_%kYcX'  
  depression depressive [rtMx8T  
   7G5VwO   
3 、疲劳相关词汇 qBXIR }  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary @sLB _f  
   ]:F?k#c  
(五)肥胖与营养 z)XI A)i6  
  1 、营养物质 /faP@Q3kR  
  nutrient 营养素 so@wUxF  
  protein 蛋白质 nj5Hl s  
  fat 脂肪 anxwK47  
  glucose 葡萄糖 /D ~UK"}  
  vitamin 维生素 "|W``&pM  
  sugar 糖类 |t&gyj  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 w]=c^@t _  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 vN3uLz'<  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 ^)0b= (.  
cholesterol胆固醇 &(YNz9L  
o `}(1$a>  
  2 、营养与饮食 $J)2E g  
  a well-balanced diet h\PybSW4s  
  nutrition 营养 1h#UM6  
  nutritional 营养的 "?#O*x  
&1$|KbmV4  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 U# 7K^(E9  
TxXX}6  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall El4SL'E@  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ~sbn"OS +  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; fMZzR|_18  
4.       食品安全 food safety `as6IMqJD  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 9 `z^'k&  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Rg6/6/ IN  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Lm"zW>v  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system !J-oGs\ u  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care z`KP }-  
10.   服务体系service system A vfPIC!  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene RI#o9d"x}  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. kH}HFl  
13.   清淡的lite ^b@&O-&s  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 2V)qnMxAZJ  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN *nc9 u"  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 6h3TU,$r  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; %% A==_b  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease qF57T>v|  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; [|{m/`8C  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion =%ZR0cWPoI  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" E{W(5.kb;i  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission M&~cU {9c  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D FvaelB  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 6 ~d\+aV  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness >a$b4 pvh  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s KmE<+/x~?  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse fOkB|E]  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to /o]j  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – fgEMn;  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 3E]IEf  
31.   血压 hypertension 5x1_rjP$|  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon F,>-+~L=  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 aT`. e  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ![CF >:e  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 o dTg.m  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ygS vYMC  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 8j<+ ' R  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 5X=ik7m^  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Fl;!'1  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 vhj^R5=  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people RRBBz7:~  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent U)y~{E~c34  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from JHIXTy__  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to I!uGI  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to [tY +P7j9)  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 08JVX'X-mr  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 6K 6uB ~  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak JU\wvP5j  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly Y\1XKAfB  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations V- HO_GDo  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Q($aN-   
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate baL-~`(T  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy *Ul L\  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances RS`~i8e'  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance mbm|~UwD  
56.   退休养老金retirement n maopr$r  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ^S'tMT_  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 2r~&+0sBP  
59.   月经期menstrual period S , BCo/j  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace b+`m h  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care _Z|3qQ  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 2AZ)|dM'`  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill lC&B4zec  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! YN@ 4.&RP  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient td6$w:SN,l  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. '9#O#I &J  
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