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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 ?K!^[aO}=  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 < pWk   
  1 、医生 3`+Bq+  
  ① doctor, medical worker <_ruVy0]  
  ② physician 内科医生 Yj{-|2YzL  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 f=T-4Of  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 B }t529Z  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 U.A:'9K,  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 g 5@P  
e$l*s/"0t  
  2 、医院 qx f8f  
  ① hospital J>dIEW%u  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 ]y\Wc0 q  
  The general hospital 普通医院 }l<:^lX  
  The community hospital 社区医院 _uq[D`=  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ?8!\VNC.  
  The private hospital 私立医院 PR3&LI;B*  
  ② clinc 门诊 &B?*|M`)k  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 =Y {<&:%(  
  ③ ward 病房 $i|d=D&t  
④ medical team 医疗队 = Q~@dP  
)s|o&aP>  
3、 医疗手段 g@|2z  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ESmWK;7b  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 oxNQNJ!X  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 |crm{]7X  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis *X\J[$!  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ,B1 ~6y\b  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | a)QSq<2*  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 ?+G / 5,e  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 2*5pjd{Kt  
(9)              TCM 中医 V.}3d,Em%]  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 $ww0$  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 &P&VJLAe  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 oH;9s-Be  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ^l{q{O7U$  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 88On{Kk.v  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; zuS4N?t`p  
qF Xx/FZ  
  4 、医疗体制 >Xi/ p$$7u  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 lf\x`3Vd  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 q0{_w  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 .oqe0 $I  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 6t4Khiwx  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 1ZY~qP+n+  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ?N=`}}Ky-  
8'M:u I  
  5 、医德 ,</Kn~b  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 qIwsK\^p  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 ,olP}  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 {uurLEe?  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 '"T9y=9]s  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 Ey)ey-'\  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Id=V\'$o  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 @H$Sv   
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ajW2HH*9}A  
}$b!/<7FD  
  6 、病人 6+4SMf3  
  (1 )patient o,RiAtdk  
  (2 )the sick 4UHviuOo8  
  (3 )the invalid g3f; JB   
  (4) sufferer "c+$GS  
   J,J6bfR/  
(二)疾病 [\rzXE  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 1A[(RT]  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) g3 Oro}wt6  
  (2) contract (v ) mpQu:i|W  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 L tUvFe  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 / ;+Mz*  
,(&Fb~r]  
  2 、必知疾病名称 q:=jv6T#  
  heart disease 心脏病 ^SK!? M  
  hypertension 高血压  q]U!n  
  kidney problem 肾病 [^D>xD3B2  
  stroke 中风 Bo\~PV [  
    shock 休克 2@IL  n+#  
  the blood pressure 血压 1Vc~Sa  
  diabetes 糖尿病 DF UTQ:N  
  obesity 肥胖 j{D tjV8  
  terminal illness 绝症 #M4LG; B  
  incurable illness 不治之症 \(--$9  
  cancer 癌症 efE=5%O  
  tumor 肿瘤 \XwC|[%P  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 O<#8R\v  
  emergency case 急症 q|0l>DPRp  
  serious illness 重症 %hlgLM  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 pjl>ZoOM  
  short breath 短气 3hxV`rb  
  syndrome 综合症 e=aU9v L  
  complications 并发症 8I Ip,#%v  
  process 病程 UWhJkJsX  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 .Z#/%y3S  
short-sighted (adj)近视 oz]&=>$1I  
c{ +bY .J  
  3、传染病 l}r9kS  
  (1) 感染源 p w5{=bD  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 |)C *i  
  (2 )传染疾病 ?>iUz.];t  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 CJ7S5   
  influenza (简)flu 流感 W/b)OlG"2  
  infection contagion 传染病 k{=dV  
  infectious diseases 传染病 2Q\\l @b\  
  AIDS 艾滋病 $d!Vxm  
  SARS T ,jb%uPcE  
  (3) 传染 RgW#z-PZF  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 A_WaRYG  
  block the channel (v) 6/?onEL9_  
  disseminate 传播 uv<_.Jq]  
cross infection 交叉感染 'TuaP `]<  
Dte5g),R  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Jj\lF*B  
  illness -ucgET`  
  sickness 6>)nkD32g  
  disease 9jX_Eoxy  
  ailment ^Y+Lf]zz *  
suffering %''L7o.#a  
3 u4Q!U%(D  
  6 、疾病的转归 vp.?$(L^@/  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 tq3Rc}  
  recover recovery _ZFEo< `'  
  recuperate j7Ts&;`[*  
  resume :$,MAQ'9  
  recruit  X(X[v]  
  reinstate rF"p7  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 7pciB}$2  
  deteriorate R3l{.{3p2  
  aggravate ^V#,iO9.-  
  exasperate 6 h,!;`8O  
  make worse ^]D1 ':  
  worsen m,!SD Cq  
   %K-8DL8|(  
    7、其他相关词汇 \yFUQq:  
  outbreak and spending 4C%pKV  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 {vCtp   
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ow{.iv\,u  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 3]*1%=~X/  
  taboo 禁忌  e]1Zey  
  speed up blood circulation (v) o!K DeY  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) W_JO~P  
  side effects 副反应 T-6<qh  
complain of 主述 z<vh8dNl  
3dj|jw5  
   & rab,I"  
(三)药物 R=LiB+p  
  1 、药物名称 {#k[-\|;  
  medicine 7\,9Gcv1  
  drug z77>W}d  
  remedy >VkBQM-%  
  medicinal herbs Coe/4! $M  
  power 4$pV;xV  
  tablet > ]^'h  
pill G#GZt\)F  
>- \bLr  
  2 、药物用法 X$ ZVY2  
  开药 : n%7?G=_kj  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases V9BW@G@9  
  write out a proscription N8dxgh!,  
  服药 =#S.t:HQ*  
  take a medicine 1d<Uwb>  
  治…的疾病 ezp%8IZ;  
a remedy for some diseases zR^Gy"  
8'8`xu$  
3 、其他相关词汇 :]@c%~~!&  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 )_=2lu3%{  
  side effects 副反应 VIP7j(#t_g  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 vyIH<@@p7  
  drugstore 药房 1 &9|~">{C  
  over the counter 非处方药 '|zrzU=  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 4\Y5RfLB_  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 nTEN&8Y>R  
  prescription 处方 Y"GNJtsL"  
  expenses for medicine 药费 `.W2t5 Y  
  charges for medicine IT_I.5*A2  
drug rebate 药品回扣 20|` jxp  
S' j g#*$  
   m0"K^p  
(四)心理疾病 USz~l7Xs  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 VI&x1C  
  subhealth 亚健康 -)`_w^Ox  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 0D s3 wN z  
  psychological problem 心理问题 :CyHo6o9  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 lT^su'+bk  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 vju FVJwL  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 x;n3 Zr;(  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 `<C<[JP:o  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 <-umeY"n>  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 kOYUxr.b  
psychological expert 心理专家 s<9g3Gh  
o}OY,P  
  2 、情绪词汇 hH8&g%{2  
  overcome !@ ^6/=  
  disappoint ]:|B).  
  disappointed H@Z_P p?  
  shy , )/T[Cnx.Nc  
  flush +1ICX  
  frustration r )F;8(  
  failure `\kihNkJn3  
  willpower qs5>`skX  
  optimism #S}orWj  
  optimistic EuK}L[Kl  
  be sensitive to T6U/}&{O  
  nervous z5E%*]  
  tensional v@ _ 1V  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic tn]nl!_@  
  confident confidence s^h@b!'7  
  stress pressure XUqorE  
  depress depressed X?5{2ulrI  
  depression depressive  ;8sL  
   AkhG~L  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 8<=^Rkz  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary @(t3<g  
   ?:(y  
(五)肥胖与营养 S,#1^S  
  1 、营养物质 w'S, {GW  
  nutrient 营养素 ]I?.1X5d0  
  protein 蛋白质 NXW*{b  
  fat 脂肪 |cvU2JI@  
  glucose 葡萄糖 +jm,nM9  
  vitamin 维生素 lA^1}  
  sugar 糖类 Xka REE  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 hlzB cz*  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 M(%H  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 "#Rh\DQ  
cholesterol胆固醇 Jj4 HJ9  
broLC5hbQU  
  2 、营养与饮食 T &ZQ ie/  
  a well-balanced diet eg0_ <  
  nutrition 营养 MmF&jd-=  
  nutritional 营养的 (MwRe?Ih  
>3 o4 U2  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 X1j8tg  
3I6ocj [,  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall iRQ!J1SGcG  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase S 'a- E![  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ?nU<cxh  
4.       食品安全 food safety ) .~ "  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies }EK{UM9y  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Xw H>F7HPe  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Q\Ek U.[I  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 6v`3/o  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care I G1];vX  
10.   服务体系service system A c(Q@5@1y:  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene (0-Ol 9[  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. qng ~,m  
13.   清淡的lite ztp|FUi  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet cu!%aM,/<-  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN UU=]lWib  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 YxF@1_g  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; nrac )W  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 8Qvs\TY  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; o'2eSm0H  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion h"FI]jK|}  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" mixsJ}e  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 3H2~?CaJ  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D r:*G{m-  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate |UTajEL  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness WZQ2Mi<&1'  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s !M^O\C)  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse 2B_|"J  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to -.Wcz|  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – }gbLWx'iG  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver z,,"yVk`,  
31.   血压 hypertension YR?Y:?(  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon >Hf {Mx{<  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 /U;j-m&   
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ nPyn~3  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ] Lv3XMa  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health u/=hueR<^  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds jVff@)_S  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations P:{Aq n~zR  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle =B}IsBn'J  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 <6UXk[y  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 63l3WvoK  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 2!#g\"  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from w6BBu0,KC  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to C19N 0=  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to :\^b6"}8  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Oiib2Ov  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive |Y3w6!$  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak +[76_EXy  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly QuR} 6C  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations N< Sl88+U  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon i-|N6J  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate ^yW['H6V  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy OBWb0t5H?  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances C^ZoYf8+"m  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 71{Q#%5U~  
56.   退休养老金retirement n k8?._1t  
57.   医疗改革health care reform U'=8:&  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity J4+K)gWB  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 2"D4q(@  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 8&JB_%Gb  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Z@s[8wrmPl  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 0/v]YK.  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill l`"?K D  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! |%|03}Q  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient [q|W*[B:@  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. b-ss^UL  
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