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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 n$iz   
(一)医疗、医院、医生 d4tVK0 ~  
  1 、医生 C5FtJquGN)  
  ① doctor, medical worker -K4RQ{=>UZ  
  ② physician 内科医生 l-rI|0D#  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 7="V7  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 +q!6zGs.  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 $TiAJ}:  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 ,0O!w>u_]J  
A,@"(3  
  2 、医院 $@X,J2&  
  ① hospital 54-x 14")  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 nLQJ~("  
  The general hospital 普通医院 L;;x%>  
  The community hospital 社区医院 [;}c@  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ?IWS  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ,;g:qe3D$  
  ② clinc 门诊 LBzpaLd  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 dBkB9nz  
  ③ ward 病房 a&JAF?k  
④ medical team 医疗队 wP'`!O[W  
BehV :M  
3、 医疗手段 m`|+_{4[n  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 #frhO;6  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 1E(pJu'K  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 -HOCxR  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis =0A{z#6  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 R_csKj  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | )+J?(&6  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 >2ct1_  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 D6D*RTi4  
(9)              TCM 中医 =1D*K%  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 '7$v@Tvnre  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 /dO&r'!:  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 RZ -w,~  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 t]V)3Ww  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Mc.KLz&,FC  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; *op7:o_  
YWTo]DJV  
  4 、医疗体制 R,(^fM  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 dX<UruPA  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ;@sxE}`?g  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 lps  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 9F3`hJZRy>  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 sQR;!-j  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 #df Aqg '  
xx%WIY:}  
  5 、医德 y};qo'dlt  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 H`fkds  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 luV%_[F  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 -WEi Y  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 4((Z8@iX/  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 D0uf=BbS  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ]SK(cfA`  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 l.C {A r  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people b \}`L"  
bMgp  
  6 、病人 t#kmtJC  
  (1 )patient X!r!lW  
  (2 )the sick 7GKeqv  
  (3 )the invalid -6#i~a]  
  (4) sufferer N$pO] p  
   WpRi+NC}ln  
(二)疾病 InRn!~_N  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 x}72jJ e`  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) K&Zdk (l)  
  (2) contract (v ) H,] D}r  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 B,}%1+*  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 )\p@E3Uxf  
QD7>S (p  
  2 、必知疾病名称 C!v0*^i  
  heart disease 心脏病 8> Gp #T  
  hypertension 高血压 AQ@A$  
  kidney problem 肾病 >pz/wTOi  
  stroke 中风 P Ox~m  
    shock 休克 X ig%Q~oMp  
  the blood pressure 血压 nbhx2@Teqe  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ;p1% KmK3  
  obesity 肥胖 0W#.$X5  
  terminal illness 绝症 UIbV tJ  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ptYQP^6S[  
  cancer 癌症 -x5^>+Y4  
  tumor 肿瘤 t4 h5R  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 E9QNx6 2  
  emergency case 急症 lLo FM  
  serious illness 重症 u]CW5snz  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 SbrBlP: G  
  short breath 短气 9 bGN5.5  
  syndrome 综合症 7RTp+FC]  
  complications 并发症 %;9wToyK>  
  process 病程 P7<~S8)Y  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ;%hlh)k$  
short-sighted (adj)近视 i$"B  
zd"o #(sv  
  3、传染病 jja9:$#  
  (1) 感染源 -.i1l/FzP  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 :W 8DgL>l  
  (2 )传染疾病 Y M/^-[k3  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 s 3Y \,9\  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 f \[Z`D  
  infection contagion 传染病 f4CwyL6ur  
  infectious diseases 传染病 pX*Oc6.0mu  
  AIDS 艾滋病 \c_1uDRoUn  
  SARS n<y!@p^X  
  (3) 传染 N@)tU;U3O  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 LH3PgGi,  
  block the channel (v) x$?{)EY  
  disseminate 传播 ^t? P32GJ  
cross infection 交叉感染 IH'DCY:  
Tr-gdX ;  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Cj31'  
  illness MX xRM~  
  sickness Ud\Jc:DG  
  disease CT6a  
  ailment Wu,' S;>C  
suffering bWW$_S pr  
`/Zi=.rr  
  6 、疾病的转归 #y~^!fdp9  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 >s1'I:8  
  recover recovery CY <,p$  
  recuperate 0~<d<a -@  
  resume fj[B,ua  
  recruit 1t WKH  
  reinstate 0-oR { {  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 qHt!)j9GKv  
  deteriorate SYOND>E  
  aggravate KLGhsx35  
  exasperate mA|!IhM  
  make worse >sv|  
  worsen !i& ^H,  
   ek1Y aE  
    7、其他相关词汇 z)='MKrEt-  
  outbreak and spending H-K,Q%;C@  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 :<Yc V#!P  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 h3$.` >l  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 : |#Iw  
  taboo 禁忌 AkrUb$ }  
  speed up blood circulation (v) .cdm@_Ls  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) {'4h.PB+r  
  side effects 副反应 ?"]fGp6y  
complain of 主述 n_Px=s!1p@  
8l-+ 4~mH  
   O,>1GKw"\  
(三)药物 H[#s&Fk2  
  1 、药物名称 qOVs9'R  
  medicine `VCU`Y  
  drug axW3#3#`  
  remedy uvz}qH@j/Q  
  medicinal herbs TK<~ (Dk  
  power $m]~d6  
  tablet =|O`al  
pill .%j&#(!  
^o}!=aMr  
  2 、药物用法 qMD6LWJ  
  开药 : OiH tobM  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases s7e)Mt  
  write out a proscription DksSD  
  服药 *xR;}%s\  
  take a medicine M/C7<?&  
  治…的疾病 Sr Z\]  
a remedy for some diseases Is&z~Xy/  
NXb_hF  
3 、其他相关词汇 < ek_n;R  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 2mN>7Tj:  
  side effects 副反应 6C@,&2<yK  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 8gwJ%"-K  
  drugstore 药房 JYB"\VV  
  over the counter 非处方药 6<jh0=$  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 )X2=x^u*U  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 5m{!Rrb  
  prescription 处方 t<s:ut)Q!  
  expenses for medicine 药费 HEHTj,T  
  charges for medicine %> Z;/j|#r  
drug rebate 药品回扣 >ly`1t1  
]Tk3@jw+b  
   d7s? c  
(四)心理疾病 +M-x*;.  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 !i=LQUi.  
  subhealth 亚健康 aHx(~&hRcL  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 I@IZ1 /J,r  
  psychological problem 心理问题 _V\rs{ 5  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 % B+W#Q`  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 (8DJf"}  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 8JxJ>I-9p  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 )N h67P3X"  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 |hms'n0  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 [r,a0s  
psychological expert 心理专家 X+zFRL%  
B1dVHz#  
  2 、情绪词汇 T\ 7z87Q  
  overcome 2@K D '^(  
  disappoint *ue- x!"c  
  disappointed A;~lG3j4  
  shy , QHOA__?  
  flush / blVm1F  
  frustration sXHrCU  
  failure NAd|n+[d  
  willpower zAT7 ^q^  
  optimism A[lbBR  
  optimistic m(MPVY<X  
  be sensitive to }uWIF|h~  
  nervous (gN[<QL  
  tensional $HVus=D"  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic _<tWy+.  
  confident confidence y/U(v"'4U  
  stress pressure %04N"^mT'~  
  depress depressed #[ZF'9x  
  depression depressive Ay?KE{Qs '  
   ZlaU+Y(_[  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 {OFbU  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary .m--# r  
   0 *!CJ;%N  
(五)肥胖与营养 f#4,2Xf  
  1 、营养物质 R9 =K/  
  nutrient 营养素 I*,!zym  
  protein 蛋白质 V>"nAh]}.  
  fat 脂肪 po J7q (  
  glucose 葡萄糖 zadn`B#2  
  vitamin 维生素 :r5DR`Rfm  
  sugar 糖类 3FWl_d~uD  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 )6K Q"*  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 l#40VHa?S  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 f P|rD[  
cholesterol胆固醇 )ro3yq4??  
y"N7r1Pf  
  2 、营养与饮食 ryhme\%l;f  
  a well-balanced diet }^T7S2_Qy  
  nutrition 营养 6yDc4AX  
  nutritional 营养的 f~U~f}Uw4  
lr >:S  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 z^@.b  
[VvTR#^  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall >F@qFP N]  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase bCv=Uo,+6  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; PvmmyF  
4.       食品安全 food safety n^} -k'l  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies YH_mWN\Wu  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to nIRJ5|G(  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU h$F.(NIYe  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system .Vohd@s9l  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 0Dx,)C  
10.   服务体系service system A G9`;Z^<L  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene tyEa5sy4  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. HR.^ y$IE  
13.   清淡的lite Z*AT &7  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet }}R?pU_  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN nFRU-D$7  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ]4{ )VXod  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; DC&3=Nd  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease Qs38VlR_m  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; d|P,e;m-  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion .G ^-. p  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" H@+1I?l  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 7H$I9e  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D &.m.ruab  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate JJIlR{WY_  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness fX ^h O+f  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s }9Th`   
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse &dH[lB  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to & bKl(,  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 9<e%('@[  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver eD(;W n  
31.   血压 hypertension l x'^vK%F  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Li'>pQ+  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 S'%|40U  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ [NxC7p:Lo  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 Oc6_x46S4  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health f3>L/9[[<P  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 1BjMVMH  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations '3p7ee&  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle ^vj}  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 !J6;F}Pd/  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people r_x|2 A oO  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent )Ja&Y  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from W0I)< S  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to H @'f=Y*D  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to TQ,KPf$0U  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to {^T_m)|n  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive A6?!BB=]  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak >p`ZcFNs"  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly V JJ6q  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations KLBX2H2^0  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ^. p d'  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate W=S<Dt G2  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy fvi8+3A&  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances rqi/nW  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance obz|*1M?  
56.   退休养老金retirement n WAUgbImc{  
57.   医疗改革health care reform @2;/-,4O  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity bzWWW^kNL  
59.   月经期menstrual period S -<{;.~nI.  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace cuoZ:Wh  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 6Bf aB:  
62.   安乐死euthanasia *DcB?8%  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill nJhaI  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! J3z:U&%=  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient #/0d  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. mHF? t.y  
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