一、主句单一原则 qLb~^'<iD
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。
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做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 KU{zzn;g
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 RrCG(Bh
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例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. 2dKt}o>
(A) They occur where they are w/*#TDR
(B) Occuring where cC/32SmY4
(C) Where they occur I0Allw[
(D) Where do they occur F:#5Edo}A
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 zh=0zJ
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 /U!B2%vq_
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例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 8jL^q;R_(
(A) Fort Wayne
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(B) Although Fort Wayne m;rr7{7X
(C) For wayne is in D4y!l~_,%M
(D) Fort Wayne, in +$VDV4l
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 u*5}c7)uId
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 3]lq#p:
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二、谓语动词专一原则
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任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 J@<f*
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 2^Im~p~ByE
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例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” m*jE\+)=^
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with "+qZv(
social issues. X@Zt4)2#
(A) covers rwW"B
(B) covers it zd-
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(C) which covers 6(htpT%J
(D) which it covers gp 11/.
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, t.RDS2N|
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 e&8Meiv+d
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例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused =MM+(mD
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on 5eFt
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the paper.
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(A) the impression is -Q
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(B) if the impression is +8 \?7,FY
(C) impressions z(O*DwY#
(D) the impression A0;{$/
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 =s'H o
不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression ]c'EJu
三、平行结构 iK1{SgXrFI
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 D,FgX/&i/
行结构。 jw\4`NZ]
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: %t1Z!xv_
A and B, u6Ux nqNc
A , B, and C 7J$rA.tu
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例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- R\5fl[
is known as accounting. @ra JB'
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary [4IqHe
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's #_3-(H5u
transactions 3|G~_'`RLt
(C) transactions of an enterprise are XknNb{. r
summarized g%m-*v*
(D) summarizing the transactions of an (o{x*';i4
enterprise {LqYb:/C5U
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 ~fcC+"7q/
动名词。 QP!;Gwqr
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 DSp~k)
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例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed \fUVWXv
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and r,vSDHb`j
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on N5cC!K
human patients. -(%Xq{
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in 0s}gg[lj
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures v6x jLP;O
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures Z~|%asjFE
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull #q&Nd2y
fractures iQCs8hIR
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 '?{L
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四、宾语从句结构 7(LB}
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 5Go@1X]I
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that SEZ08:>x r
indicate(指明,表明)+that w5Ucj*A\
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例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, 5g9K|-
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite Gh%dVP9B@P
units called quanta or photons. ukD
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(A) energy that YQO9$g0%
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(B) that it is energy /KO2y0`
(C) it is energy 9Z3Y, `R,
(D) that energy "!Hm.^1
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 zj1_#=]
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 <2I<Z'B,e
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例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth R}OjSiS\
indicate--yield when unusual weight is x$bCbg
placed on them. ~c>]kL(,
(A) although its crust and mantle Rd1I$| Y
(B) its crust and mantle to Bjb8#n04
(C) that its crust and mantle 95tHire
(D) for its crust and mantle to gvxOo#8]
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) CX>QP&Gj
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 ?NUDHUn_
五、介词+ which结构 "Za 'K+4
许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 MrS~u
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, P # Z+:T
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 ItQ3|-^
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, +H3;{ h9,
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 G:|=d0
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例 1:In the United States, a primary election is 9%bqY
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a method ---- voters select the nominees 77zDHq=
for public office. 9$N~OZ;-*x
(A) that qM
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(B)by which (>gHfC>(lq
(C)is that DE14dU
(D)by those rY(h }z
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 f\M;m9{(
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 9uA2M!~i2
B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); '0E^th#u-0
正确 WB>M7MI%
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例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called )|i]"8I
wickers. + |d[q?
(A) when K6;
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(B) which \y0uGnmCj
(C) is when AU/L_hg
(D) in which |a[Id
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 #~>ykuq
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which i slg5
前应该有介词。 y6 _,U/9
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六、in that结构 dd@-9?6M
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, Lb%Wz*Fa%!
because of +名词, vB9v8@[I&
consequently是副词 (}NKW
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 j@+QwZL|
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例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals 2n8spLZYGY
---- it is a liquid. %N
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(A) whereas 7Eett)4
(B) in that h
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(C) because of A ^wIsAxT
(D) consequently E[N3`"
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 j)neVPf%v
先排除。 .q^+llM
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 QCvz| )
引导原因状语从句。 %uW
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例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual b _#r_`
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. ]NrA2i?
(A)they _9Zwg+oO[
(B)in they I "<ACM
(C)that they ;j]-;wg-;
(D)in that they orcPKCz|"
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 b^~"4 fU
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 WG0Ne;Ho
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 +7]]=e<[E
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, @1UC9}>
如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, nr t3wqJ
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 [aF^ D;o
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例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ E0Y>2HOuL
great inspiration for her poems. Ki DL]2
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her ~T_4M
(C) from which she drew I#m0n%-[
(D) drawn from which >)sB#<e
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 Hmi]qK[F
完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 W".: 1ov#B
七、what结构 _4]GP3`
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: ~x:B@Ow
what=the thing that <^APq8>
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例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend ?IWLH-fkP
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. m1mA:R\zM
(A) it grows 9 ^G.]W]
(B) what grows =68CR[H
(C) does it grow f;[\'_.*
(D) what does it grow jC;^2e
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 [-*1M4D9
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, ,'KQF C
故(B)正确。 a=m7pe^
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例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle iL%Q@!ka
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory ^WZcM#~TL
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. nMniHB'
(A) there QL<uQ`>
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(B) where u9.x31^
(C) that mr`Lxy9e
(D) what fc~6/
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 [%8t~zg
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八、同位语结构
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同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 J^Dkx"1GD
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) VUo7Evc:.P
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing kiW|h)w_,v
and swallowing . Ly?%RmHK
(A) is the chief organ of taste O[N}@%HMW
(B) tasting the organ chiefly $*%ipD}f
(C) the chief organ of taste h\jV@g$
(D) the organ chiefly tastes RjII(4Et
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, bVB_KE
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 muAI$IRR
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 w3l+BUn:X
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) }`O_
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of *r
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Native Americans in her novel, Century of %Fh*$gzh*5
Dishonor. *u2pk>y)
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause "kLu]M<
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson :'L^zGf
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause F__(iXxC
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. (8[et m
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 d)G'y
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 `
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例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as =~)J:x\F
hosts to many insect pests. QY]^^f
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than !+&Rn\e%7
goldenrods 9WXJz;
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods SR,id B&i
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy *,/ADtL
plants x@-bY
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants (*.t~6c?5
分析:空格后面是 and, 句中缺少与 and 并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是 W?a{3B
分词和名词短语, 无法与动词 act 并列; D 包含主语的同位语 goldenrods和谓语动词 crowd。 ZnX]Q+w
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同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 sh $mOy
例 4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 )2@_V %
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to j,q8n`@
Athens. bB|UQaC
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(A) the distance is `$IuN*
(B) that the distance is
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(C) is that the distance =B}a +0u!
(D) the distance _JlbVe[<
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、 MXSN
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C 均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 l8I`%bu
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九、比较结构 w"s;R8
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 m5O;aj* i
例 1:Western Nebraska generally receives less :r?gD2q
snow than --eastern Nebraska. P\;L#2n
(A) does m/,.3v
(B) in Eei"baw/
(C) it does in r(ej=aR
(D) in it does #
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分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意 than eastern Nebraska does 是 [>5<&[A
正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长, oF1{/ERS
谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 `1|#Za~e
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例 2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. OE{{,HFa`G
(A) rays more than infrared i/ED_<_Vg
(B) rays are more infrared than P`/;3u/P
(C) more than infrared rays -__RFxG
(D) more infrared rays than 8(yZX4OH>
分析:emit 为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的 than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意 [E9V#J89
空格后为倒装形式,do代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 m5!~PG:_
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比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 ~SI`%^L
例 3:The activities of the international marketing 'q158x
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. P$YY4|`
(A) the domestic marketer has <evvNSE
(B) the domestic marketer does +iS'$2)@
(C) those of the domestic marketer |u r/6{Oj1
(D) that which has the domestic marketer 2nNBX2o&_
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词 are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has 和 w_c)iJ
does 结尾的(A)和(B)。选项 D则语义不清,也可排除。C 中 those 代替前面提到的 activities #Tc]L<."
以避免重复,those 一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是 activities,谓语动词 are 4LG[i}u.N
因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此 C 为正确答案。 ] !7%)
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例 4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing t>hoXn^-
is greater than --. lk.]!K$}
(A) that of its mining and farming combined x)35}mi){L
(B) mining and farming combination $|kq{@<
(C) that mining and farming combined :;Lt~:0b~
(D) of its combination mining and farming [Lck55V+Q
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一 #'DrgZ)W
方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与 the annual worth相对应, @nC][gNv
故可以排除。(A)中代词 that 代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故 /+V}.
选(A)。 ?*oBevUnCY
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