英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 ~K'e}<-G
1. 充当句子的状语。 l^`& Tnzv
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 R-7.
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3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 EY~b,MI L4
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) vjo@aY.x
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ' Cki"4%<
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. W&
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). +Dvdv<+
真题剖析 TtZ Zjeg+V
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. g)Ep'd-w"
45. A. For 7JC^+ rk
B. As Lj]I7ICNh
C. With ,E7+Z' ;
D. Because l'yX_`*Iq
练习： %62W[Oh5
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. >Xz=E0;^Ua
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B. having 1yFVF
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 W|~Jl7hs8Q
1. (should)+动词原形 o0yyP,?yh
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 *
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 jCJbmEfo9@
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 os :/
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W^o* ^v
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ZQL4<fy'E
would rather +动词过去式 \>B$x@-wg
真题剖析 Nu/D$m 'PY
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … z XI [f
47. A. do 1q?b?.
B. did |*G$ilu
C. don’t fX:)mLnO /
D. didn’t ZsgJ6
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. \(4"kY_=
53. A. ordered \2UtT@3|C
B. pleaded ^)JUl!5j]C
C. decided FW~{io]n
D. demanded uG5 RE
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
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B. would take fXL& ?~fS
C. will take wgN)*dpuI
D. should take aEO`` W
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. {6y@;Fd
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ?Aq
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54.A. shall M u1H*;_8
B.will \Zn% r&(
C.would uVSc1 MS1
D.should |9fvj6?Y
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 jD<fu
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) .wdWs tQ
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Wl29xY}`{!
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 @W_=Z0 ]
真题剖析 o+w G6 9
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ?k 4|;DD
60. A. dropped ?Z1&ju,Hd-
B. to drop j;BMuLTm1
C. dropping S-5|t]LV
D.drops GK
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. FFG/v`NM
59. A. destructive 9 rMP"td
B. dissatisfied odPdWV,&*
C. damaged eG @0:
D. derivative l DWg%pI+
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 m|CB')
How you got there doesn’t concern me. &|'t >-de,
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. q!qOy/}D
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 T V['"'D&i
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4/Mi-ls_
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 liuw!
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 AeZ__ X
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). M'gL_Xsei
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 5gg
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 'G#T 6B!
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) wuV*!oef o
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) }~akVh`3
He no less than John is interested in literature. |Y9m re.Y;
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) L 3@up b
Either my father or my brothers are coming. z2
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 $GI
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. g,YJh(|#{
真题剖析 O,c}T7A'?w
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. }j_2K1NS{
53. A. none *Bm 7>g6
B. few 1[ 4)Sq?
C. any `Vf k.OP
D. some "gQ-{ W
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 b rpsZU
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” !VoAN5#;
There stand big buildings in this district. (]}52%~
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 6 *GR_sMm
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) S5(VdMd"^
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. I%Yeq"5RB
