考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 |{*}|  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 "LYh7:0s!k  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 e~ aqaY~}  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 `~eX55W  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) I$NhXZ)KT  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. -7/s]9o'  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. zf4Ec-)  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). '
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　　真题剖析 WwF~d+>|C  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. uPYmHA}_/  
　　45. A. For 9!9Z~/*m  
　　B. As /(.6bv  
　　C. With yKXff1^M  
　　D. Because ]sz
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　　练习： nJRS.xs  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. P o jmC  
　　8. A. is kyAXRwzI  
　　B. having }?cGf-c  
　　C. being <9=9b_z  
　　D. be /&u<
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 -",=G\XZ  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ^qCkt1C-M  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 #`GY}-hL!  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 w ;daC(:  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 *A}cL  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 <Dx]b*H  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 |IunpZV  
　　would rather +动词过去式 pLMRwgzr  
　　真题剖析 aNyvNEV3C  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … =9kN _:-  
　　47. A. do k
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　　B. did ,!V] jP)  
　　C. don’t J$~<V IX  
　　D. didn’t BmHwu{n'  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. "Jjs"7  
　　53. A. ordered qQ!1t>j+H  
　　B. pleaded i Hf-{[[Z  
　　C. decided /7!""{1\\  
　　D. demanded T#pk]c6Q  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 7iJ&6=/  
　　15. A. took FWH}j0Gj|  
　　B. would take sH[ -W-  
　　C. will take .1 %T W)  
　　D. should take g%u&Zkevx  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *m%]zj0bo  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) {cpEaOyOM  
　　54.A. shall 9w9jpe#  
　　B.will zrVC8Wb  
　　C.would 9dMrgz&'  
　　D.should cI]WrI2CQa  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 bqanFQj  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Kb =@ =Xta  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^IKO2Ft
 
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 &'l>rD^o  
　　真题剖析 gPC*b+  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ,3I^?5  
　　60. A. dropped 7FN<iI&7\  
　　B. to drop $3D'4\X~?  
　　C. dropping vd`}/~o  
　　D.drops 8Ry7
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. k%[3Q>5iM  
　　59. A. destructive
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　　B. dissatisfied QZ `tNq :/  
　　C. damaged UN"(5a8.  
　　D. derivative -st7_3  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 rzp +:  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. *M7E#bQ5 B  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 P#v*TD'  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. B*!W
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　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 5=(c%  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 [6jbg
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　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 9*6]&:fm  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Li 2Zndp  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @|yeqy_:  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) l0*
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　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) -
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　　He no less than John is interested in literature. DjMf,wX-{  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) V+?]S  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. - ~O'vLG  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 _eLWQ|6Fx  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. C@o%J.9"#  
　　真题剖析 FDR1Gy  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. `Lyq[zg8  
　　53. A. none F=G{)*Ih  
　　B. few x4Rk<Th"o  
　　C. any 4^c-D  
　　D. some ^=cXo<6D  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 D-9\~gvh  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =fc:6JR  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. v4?iOD  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. [2$4|;7  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (VHND%7P  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. p|6v~