2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 +]
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第一篇 OJK/>
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call 1Zecl);O{
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol @@$
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poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was -(2-zznZ
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, 5
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and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that 8}0
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college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. 3ZVfZf
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A {L0w&~$Fy
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of EAI[J&c
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of zPXd]jIwV
themselves and afraid of relationships. Z\ Q7#dl
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the F&P)mbz1
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a #-W5$1
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on Pv'x|p*
most campuses. HT]ubw]rJ
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be $@xkKe"
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged BE2{qO{
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has e,BJD>N ?
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the 0jmlsC>
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — .jKO 6f
are the primary architects. K?>&Mr
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining !9
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incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have f[RnL#*xJU
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on lDpi1]2
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a \5Jv;gc\\
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that %F~
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they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. *G^]j
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31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C *}J_STM
[A] it is easy to be a college president _=] FJhO
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight SS`C0&I@p
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus liTr3T`,V
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol e#('`vGB
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × NO$Nl/XM
正确答案为 C *E]\l+]J
[A] inspiration QZlUUj\
[B] stimulation DXt^Ym5Cv
[C] escape 2XtQ"`)
[D] relaxation vpDs5tUl
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 ,zFN3NLtA
答案为 D {>Px.%[<
[A] artists )B_h"5X4\y
[B] experts f/yK|[g~
[C] discoverers \K6J{;# L
[D] designers 9:>K!@
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 2"O Y]d
B i1
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[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. Q)>'fZ)
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. n&]w* (,
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. jq)|U
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[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. t3G'x
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35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of #pfosC[
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C OT i3T1&
[A] They can't read or write well. U4gJ![>5j
[B] They can hardly find a good job. S41>VbtEp
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. / 5Loj&!=
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.
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第二篇 z7
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Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little x3|'jmg
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to 'QF
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divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark aehMLl9cl
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Kf#!IY][
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the 99K+7G\{
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple |U
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generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. `x)bw
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for g/p
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not-for-profit organizations. Z"X*FzFo
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied u2-7vudh
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in ^<0 NIu}
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their IviQ)hp
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be KTt$Pt/.
achieved in the absence of conflict. ton`ji\^
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that om?CFl
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in ]bb}[#AY
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for r:4IKuTR
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking X388Gs;e
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial F
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terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial yMl'1W
indicators. 3z92Gy5cr
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined @H0%N53nE
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and Mm
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ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived fMPq
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. O'|P|
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. %C0O?q
A) wrong )+4}Ix/q
B) oversimplified [.xk
C) misleading l~TIFmHkh%
D) unclear 8:?Q(M7
注:文章第一句 1[g!^5W
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. ~Z6p3#
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A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict Ty0T7D
B) the real value of conflict m$mY<Q
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict CU1\C*
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict i z>y u[|
注:文章第二段 J&ECm
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33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.
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A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization #IhLpO
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 'h6}cw+K
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways aU<D$I
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict gq_7_Y/
注:文章第三段
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34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. #C;zS9(]B
A) there is no end of conflict pebx#}]p-
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged !QR?\9`
C) decisions must be justifiable ciGpluQF
D) success lies in general agreement `TD%M`a
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 fZV8o$V
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. CziaxJ
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy g[wP!y%V
B) are free to express diverse opinions _E1]cbIo
C) are less effective in making decisions U
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D) find it easier to reach agreement MHnf\|DX
B C A D B a j@C0
第三篇 $dZ>bXUw:
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During w
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their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at ,hTwNVWI9
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, mU3Y)
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, *pb:9JKi
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and y@kcXlY
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, tFvgvx\:
much of which is said to be based on science. _/jUs_W
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become UR/qVO?
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well )+w/\~@
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for ~N{_N95!2@
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, KcmDF4C2
tools, echoes, and rainbows. oP=T6PX~l
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It z{`6#
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide B-\,2rCC Z
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the z)&naw.
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history,
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language arts, music, or art! @~$F;M=.*
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific rq<`(V'2
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and @)OnIQN~
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh JNxW6 cK
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions q,;".3VQ
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against u\()E|?p
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this -SQJH}zCT+
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with d7W%zg\T
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, zdLVxL>87
is needed. (293 words)
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36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them ";)r*UgR{B
will _____. ~:/%/-^
A. work in scientific research institutions [^?13xMb
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters -O~C m}e
concerning science ERp:EZ'
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration ln
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37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. (MgL"8TS
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy 3E<
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subject for them to learn 9nng}em>.
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar sTKab
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with the process and spirit of science ^H5w41
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. ?-pxte8
A. practicing communication skills
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B. studying geography `j"4:
C. taking art courses /;(<fh<bY
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. X!U]`Qh
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others -/M9 vS
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty 'is,^q:@
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments /lf\
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D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the r> Fec
passage the writer seems to ______. -`-ACWeNV
A. prove that science is a successful course in school pZu?V"R
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school sEoZ1E
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict S#P+B*v
that children who learn science will be good scientists *G
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36-40 B A D D C