2018考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 tbAN{pX
英语构词法主要有以下五种: Ha$|9li`
派生法 Derivation "My \&0-
转化法 Conversion nE]R0|4h
合成法 Compounding :CSys62
拼缀法 Blending *ky5SM(NR
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing :Ff1Js(Z
1. 派生法 Derivation 0Z2![n
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。
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例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant PPDm*,T.
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. `iv,aQ '
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc.
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由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: ~c! XQJ
E-currency电子货币 U;;vNzcn
E-paper 电子报 nXb;&n%
cyberculture 网络文化 i4'?/UPc
hyperterminal 超级终端的 `P)atQ
2. 转化法 Conversion l *yml
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 *<xEM-
例如: :v
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Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. Pf]6'?kQ
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 0>4:(t7h\
3. 合成法 Compounding wR@fB
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: IBQmm(+v
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) '2/48j X5
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: <{9E.6G`n
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. #J, `a.
4. 拼綴法 Blending 87>\wUJ
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 9@Cqg5Kx'
例如: }Wn6r_:
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) $wdIOfaH
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 IpB0~`7YI
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 EbY%:jR
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 hoO8s#0ED
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 S3P;@Rm
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 |
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workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 Fj7cI +
netizen = net+citizen 网民 Zc{at}{
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 3O:Z;YP:<
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 c9= ;:E
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 <nvz*s
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing m.&z:`x[
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 ?r'rvu'/
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 <I&X[Sqp
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 #:v|/2
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 "/(J*)%{
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 H .JA)*b-
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 2x"&8Bg3
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 T5=3 jPQ
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 0%<Fc9#
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 (ye1t96
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 \uc]+nV!o
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 N41)?
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HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 ?rKewdGY
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 ]t=m
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 fk<0~tE