2018考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 a 5:YP
英语构词法主要有以下五种: >j|.pi
派生法 Derivation ]j~V01p/e
转化法 Conversion 7^ITedW@
合成法 Compounding !WR(H&uBr\
拼缀法 Blending nQa5e_q!u
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing 4=%Uv^M
1. 派生法 Derivation K;sH0*
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 ltO:./6v
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant xw&[ 9}Y
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. R/Mwq#xUb
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. \=kH7 !
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: |Z0?
E-currency电子货币 Nh^T,nv*l
E-paper 电子报 "
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cyberculture 网络文化 N&]v\MjI62
hyperterminal 超级终端的 1y2D]h /'
2. 转化法 Conversion |h\e(_G\
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 TUw^KSa
例如: hq6B
pE
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. =;W"Pi;*
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 ,^pM]+NF|
3. 合成法 Compounding Kyt.[" p
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: &=Gz[1
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blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) "o2p|2c
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: `MAee8u'
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. Wb+^Ue
4. 拼綴法 Blending I= G%r/3
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 ng0IRJ:3
例如: peCmb)>Sa
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) SpPG
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 A[oLV"J6x5
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 (o~f6pNB,
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 WPygmti}Be
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 g]EDL<b
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 !
E`Tt[
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 ~=h]r/b< U
netizen = net+citizen 网民
gcqcY
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 ?VrZM
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 |RDmY!9&
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 S+py\z%
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing [HI&>dm=$
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 h#'(i<5v
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 b Gq0k&
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 )X@Obg
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 @[#U_T- I
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 5 WSu
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 -}`ES]
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 u
'DM?mV:-
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 F]]np&UV.
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 }hrLM[
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 0L"CM?C
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 xx0s`5
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 Vo}3E]
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 3t22KY[`
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 u.*@lGVW