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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 % ;O}FyP  
一、代词 CLN+I'uX0  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 9#rt:&xo0  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 \!H{Ks{#R.  
  主格、宾格、所有格 Dg2uE8k  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) @ls.&BHUP  
 r(`nt-o@  
(二) 反身代词 HomN/wKh  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 &1Fply7(Ay  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) yP\Up  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) 8D~x\!(p\  
b3U6;]|x  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  9*}gl3y  
    A                 B    i'tp1CI  
  a series of indicators that could help TzM=LvA  
             C      'b[0ci :  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. [Ox(.  
    D 'sU)|W(3U  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 d6.}.*7Whc  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 =!<G!^  
BaL]mIx  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 ^ KH>1!  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 h<3p8eB  
'29WscU  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies +1@AGJU3  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the xm^95}80yh  
     A   B      C          D h>3H7n.  
  Pacific. 9<cOYY  
SrZ50Se  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 e@jfIF0=}  
m6U8)!)T  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 r_2b tpL^  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: - ]Y wl  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 qrDcL>Hrn  
3j*'HST  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined ` clB43 i  
                       A   gaeOgP.0  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and % h+uD^^$  
             B Efr&12YSS  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. C1QWU5c v  
   C       D Kbas-</Si  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 =Ahw%`/&}]  
j'Wp  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important rJ(OAKnY  
        A     ( V4G<-jG  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John {A3 m+_8  
   B        C      hTw}X.<4  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  0<&M?^  
      D e2Jp'93o'  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Mi74Xl i  
0j$OE  
7bT /KLU  
(四) Who和which的区别 BKA]G)G7u!  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 EUZq$@uWL  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 J @B4 R&V  
4oJ$dN  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who #!d]PH746  
              A            B .Cr1,Po  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. R 3G@ G  
   C                  D `M rBav  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 xjrlc9  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 stXda@y<p  
W5I=X] &  
(五) that和which的区别 wlVvxX3%  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 sVoR?peQ  
]xrD<  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it %uuH^A  
              A        B W.$6 pzB(  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. 2 `&<bt[g  
      C              D CWvlr nv  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 Y)OBTX  
4:`[qE3  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 2O i'E  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, m&cvU>lC  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when 5Hy3\_ +  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. ~o Fh>9u  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which %`oHemSy  
s7M}NA 0  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly >KHp-|0pv  
              A         B   P57GqT  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. -p^'XL*Z  
         C      D _XWnS9  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 @Wz%KdXA  
dq2@6xd  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  19&)Yd1  
  affected the way people in the United States----. _' lmCj8L  
   (A) living and working j%u8=  
   (B) they live and work OF-WUa4t  
   (C) live and work & L'6KEahR  
   (D) to live and to work e3pnk =u  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 H\d;QN9Q;  
SlN"(nq  
二、介词 vgN@~Xa  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 v!KJ|c@m  
q55M8B 4w  
(一) 介词搭配 w O89&XZ<  
hWm0$v 1p  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those s_S$7N`ocS  
    A         B   C      lm!F M`m  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. |lY`9-M`I  
                D ]An_5J  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 _V&x`ks  
f :&)"  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. =~ '^;D  
A       B     C  D C,(j$Id  
分析:B错改为be rich in !L/tLHk+  
>gF-6nPQ  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the d t0T t  
    A         B      C n}f3Vrl  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. /K[]B]1NE  
             D |Cu1uwy  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 URk$}_39  
u!M& ;QL  
KjC[q  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 X:DMT>5k  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 M*v^N]>"G  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. sFC f\y  
          A      B  C     D + 2OZJVJ  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 i:;$oT  
?~{r f:Y  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 2UQN*_  
                 A  B     W%=Zdm rv  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on [1e.i  
      C 3Sk5I%  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. g^qz&;R]  
      D vs* >onCf  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 w' .'Yu6  
 B$@1QG  
2、介词by 9+W!k^VWq  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by Q=^ktKMeR  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing ZBPd(;"x+  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States b!0'Qidh0  
    A         B       er#8D6*  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. 4 fZY8   
   C     D | pF5`dX  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 6\%r6_.d  
MX"A@p~H  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils USlF+RY@3L  
   A                      vd2uD2%con  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to lpIteZw:  
     B    C       D Z|V"8jE  
   supply moccasins and field rations. +8L(pMI4  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 nh _DEPMq  
ORUWsl Mt  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with n$XMsl.>  
        A                Fr1;)WV  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements 2tm~QL  
        B          C   XLkL#&Ir  
  that are often represented at symbols. p.6$w:eV  
              D ;u4@iN}p  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 M Ak-=?t  
三、谓语动词 MAm1w'ol"  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 (mD-FR@#  
①、主谓分割原则 r[C3u[  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, tJ(c<:zD  
     A     r6gt9u:  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. l%-67(  
        B      C      D $@+p~)r(l  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 .{'Uvn  
N}.Q%&6:  
②、与后者一致原则 )A>U<n$h  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, :IP;Frc MP  
not only…but also ~pX(w!^  
3iwoMrp  
e')&ODQ H  
③、与前者一致原则 U5@TaGbx  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, iOX4Kl  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 {WM&  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and `JY>v io  
     A      B  C     $v?! 6:  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 5'{qEZs^QU  
         D Pp JE|[]  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is k#IS ,NKE  
web8QzLLB  
④、就近原则 Xn ZX *Y]"  
or, either…or, neither…nor, e GqvnNv  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are lD;,I^Lt6  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is tLoD"/z  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 *$4A|EA V  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 `DWi4y7  
%Zv(gI`A  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are Jegx[*O>b  
        A      B        5.C[)`_  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. LBbo.KxAe3  
    C              D bH WvKv+  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 q_T?G e  
1 ">d|oC  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 3>@qQ_8%~  
There are five apples that are red. 4MF}FS2)  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 wTMHoU*>  
Ae{4AZ  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets N`|Ab(.  
      A            x4HMT/@AG2  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. 8)q]^  
   B   C    D yK>0[6l  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 qY~$wVY(  
meM.?kk(  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 M5ySs\O4  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. x}8T[  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 T>uWf#&pjs  
A*26 '  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 @IyH(J],h  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: TLL[F;uZ  
a. there be 句型 {+UNjKQC  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 _]~ ht H  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致  eS@!\H x  
^p-e  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. Hb AMoow!  
   A     B      C    D    gq:TUvX  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is I. \f0I'.  
Qpv}N*v^  
+8vzkfr3It  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific `@.s!L(V  
             A     B    oQjB&0k4  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 @Jn:!8U0  
     C         [?f.0q  
  miles in width. UG?C=Tf  
     D  d_7Xlp@  
分析:倒装句,are改为is 'hi\98y  
5iI3u 7Mn1  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and =5=Vm[  
   A    B       C         j UR  #  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film 0S 5C7df  
                    D K,,@',  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. [dF=1E>W_J  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 ]3y5b9DuW  
MbFe1U]B  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 *_K-T#  
fifty percent of + 名词 ?*mbce[  
one percent of + 名词 |mE +f]7$  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: <^q"31f  
  one percent of my students + are ~q|e];tA  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. l5OV!<7~X  
pfQZ|*>lkb  
这里要强调两个结构 tc2GI6]e'  
half of =fifty percent 2hC$"Dfp  
most of + 可数名词 + are R}6la.mQ  
most of + 不可数名词+ is YB1DL ^ :  
vG_v89t!ex  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been  2:/MN2  
   A       B         C   xA'#JN<*  
  found in central and eastern Canada. x&/Syb  
           D ;xtb2c8HT  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 PZg]zz=V4  
[%,=0P}  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized $5CY<,f  
                 A   B  ~)IJE+e>}  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. @%G"i:HZ&  
              C     D \lIHC{V\  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 mf_'| WDs  
9l_?n@   
(二) 谓语动词的时态 "<$vU_  
①、主要考察时间状语 xWb?i6)z&  
5f@YrTO[@  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. n]c,0N  
   A        B  C     D Pc4c Sw#5  
J7^T!7V.  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was t\d;}@bl  
L=!kDU  
pcTX Ty 28  
②、For和since的区别 cD@lor j  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 )^#Zg8L  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 2MzFSmhc"  
  I has been a teacher for three years. Riuv@i^6K  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. ms<uYLp  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 Xtnmh)'K~#  
f|1FqL+T]  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became NfN6KDd]2L  
   A      B              z( [$,e\  
  the primary responsibility of the president. `z`;eR2oX  
     C    D n8aiGnd=v  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 C)}LV  
D|'Z c &  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of Yx c >+mx  
             A  B  C   @soW f  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. , )3+hnFY  
            D g c=|< (  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 58U[r)/  
=DwH*U /YR  
Qn h1s u5  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  :u93yH6~8  
   A       B        C     D < _uv!N  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live }gaKO 5  
G=Bj1ss.  
(三) 谓语的语态 o7B+f  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 g&5VorGx  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: sRI8znus  
①、prove 1nG"\I5N}  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 ]HT>-Ba;{h  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; KO$8l Mm$  
-8e tH&  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming ^E*C~;^S  
                      A    /t P  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be ]xs\,}I%  
    B                  C zaPR>:r0  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. r${a S@F  
                  D $yJfAR  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 E atDT*!  
oWOZ0] H1  
UkQocZdZ  
②、Locate,Situate 1N*~\rV*?  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 qIp`'.#m  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 !{\c`Z<#  
这两个词也可以用作被动 EQ-~e   
  My school was located near the river. L}nc'smvM  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 L.[2l Q  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. p%'((!a2  
   (A)locates X_2I4Jz]6  
   (B)locating D1 z3E;:  
   (C)to locate hG]20n2  
   (D)is located rKxk?}  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 Oylw,*%  
NeP1 #  
③、表示需要概念的动词 4B]a8  
need, want, require等 3ji#"cX  
oY: "nE  
My watch needed repairing 3 -FNd~%  
My watch needed to be repaired. ~x+w@4)a>  
~ln,Cm} 4  
④、表示人的情感的动词 w,7 GC5j\  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 wv$=0zF  
gg9W7%t/  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 Qt$Q/<8U  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 ?{'Q}%  
$) $sApB  
主动和被动技巧总结: RVe3@|9(G  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 6S wHl_2%  
n 8 Fi?/  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the STMc Mm3  
                 A      5`J. ic  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, h4C B1K  
                 B 2iu;7/  
  power structures, and flood-control works along &'R]oeag  
                    C MX34qJ9k  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. sXUM,h8$!+  
                D n| %{R|s  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 k"6^gup(U  
8K qv)FjB  
四、非谓语动词 0Z\fK>yw  
Qk6FK]buV  
(一) 分词 ~I'h iV^-  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 qxq ~9\My  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 Vj_ $%0  
c{[d@jt O  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then nV<YwqK  
   A &EMm<(.]a  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. |Q{l ]D  
     B      C            D 8=$@azG  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning A;kB"Tx  
xKxWtZ0  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 Qr/?tMALc  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in rh+OgKi  
      A               B   Yz,*Q<t  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. *e^ ZH  
               C         D i'a M#4V  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living pgI@[zp7  
k07O.9>  
XVY^m}pMe  
一些动词后面必须用doing 1 @/ + c  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 2WKA] l;  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, R^D~ic N  
 advocate, suggest Blu^\:?#z-  
 delay, quit ==$Ox6.  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, RVD=CX  
 avoid, escape(逃避) \A':}<Rj  
 spend+名词+doing; ~ejHA~QC  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing 5t0$nKah]  
o'W &gkb9  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their @%RDw*L(  
   A     B    C              D KBX dr52"  
  crops. ym-212wl  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 nPKf~|\1{  
T1D7H~ \lG  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, zVp|%&  
               A        B W(EU*~<UC  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. $.v5G>- )3  
        C          D P[^!Uq[0n7  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing nc([e9_9v  
 16x M?P  
(二) 不定式 ,)%nLc  
A. 动词不定式的省略 aY6]NpT  
①、help后面可以省略to ! G,Ru~j5:  
  help to do <` HLG2  
  help sb. to do )0!hw|0|  
 :;rd!)5  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid Ktg6*L/  
              A      B   4_)@Nq  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. Ws'3*HAce  
         C     D l =xy_ TCf  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 ?2QssfB  
jg' 'T1)  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 9qW^@5 m  
  make, eCdMDSFO3  
  let, /id(atiF^  
  have sb. do sth x_AG=5OJX,  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. O~Pb u[C  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians V;Te =4  
        A               B u0Irf"Ab  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. szGp<xv_p  
   C     D cT-XF  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know ['e8Xz0  
FlgK:=Fmj  
③、感官动词 [C.Pzo  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe ldO6W7 G|h  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 P]bI".A8  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 xOp8[6Ga'  
o&-q.;MY  
P0Z1cN}  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 #EgFB}>1  
(1)表示第一人 i9 8T+{4  
the first woman to do sth. YP5V~-O/  
RbM`"wrZ  
(2)表示迫使的动词 =TE6R 0b  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do mhv {6v  
'P3CgpF<Z2  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis rd vq(\A  
     A                 B    j|N;&s`  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. R/VrBiw  
       C           D sL[&y'+  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 (&npr96f  
8vjaQ5  
IV]s!  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 ]2`PS<a2  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 {9S=:  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 'Y Bz?l9  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 Yw&{.<sL  
  be apt to do kC"lO'  
kmXpj3  
(4)表示目的的名词, )u)]#z  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 PQ9.aJdw@-  
固定的句式: x%Ivd  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. ,<!_MNw[  
the objective 目标 V4@ HIM  
aim 2mg4*Ys  
goal _1 TSt%L  
reason理由 x=7hOI5u  
function功能 |wW_Z!fL  
intension意图 tu {y  
t 1gH9  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing 9,g &EnvG  
                       A  'Pyeb`AXE9  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 8JvF4'zx  
           B          C     D :j2G0vHIl(  
分析:the function to provide, A错 $C@v  
*tkbC2D  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure agdiJ-lyQ  
                  A       T <J%|d .'  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds ~{MmUp rS  
     B  gQHE2$i>  
  that make up various components of a living cell. :"BZK5{8  
    C    D (KQAKEhD!  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 e+J|se4L5  
--Dd'  
(5) 其他同根名词 O{WJi;l  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响  J`F][ A  
 attempt to do 企图 NKae~ 1b  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 k8]=5C?k  
 ambition, T^'NC8v  
 be ambitious to do  Mx& P^#B3  
 effort Q 5R7se_  
cQj{[Wt4  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation <3]Qrjl ,b  
  A                    B   z>_jC+  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. 9n][#I)a3  
          C       D f#9DU}2m  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 bvM\Qzc!<3  
=l&A9 >\  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great E2f9J{ Ki=  
  A                   B   bY6y)l  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. n[2[V*|mI  
       C            D pfCNFF*"  
分析:efforts to register, C错 e%#8]$  
DkO>?n:-C  
)KvQaC  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 >icK]W  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 \ ]AsL&  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. 5x/q\p-{/  
nU Oy-c  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 /?b<}am  
I am glad to see you. $ohg?B ;  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. ?&Y3Fr)%  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. %;,D:Tv=&  
}<Y3 jQnl  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 n*\AB=|X  
It is difficult to decide. G7lC'~}  
E.Hw|y0_(|  
-Kt36:|  
五、句子的结构 mea]m)P  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 fT.5@RR7^  
B1@c`BJ;9T  
(一) 主语的重复 ?5m[Qc (<  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 luZqW`?Bt  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any SJVqfi3A  
          A      B      1 sCF -r  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the h+$1+Es  
          C          D RB'12^[  
  League of Nations. .ao'o,|vE  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 wxPg*R+t  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson 7I4G:-V:^  
kl[bDb1p  
Uc e#v)  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are (CY VSO  
        A        B  lfR"22t  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. r2QC$V:0  
    C         D WT(R =bLw  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 xtU)3I=F%  
cd}TDd(H%  
(二)谓语的重复 #UU}lG  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 +u _mT$|T  
O3*Vilx  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  L~ V 63K  
    A            B    h bj^!0m  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. Uk ?V7 ?&  
         C   D Mz]LFM  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 (m3p28Q?  
]-{T-*h:  
(三)谓语的缺少 txr!3-Ne'!  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body 0e8)*2S  
          A     B    *Gu Cv3|  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. iO#H_&L.p  
         C               D >E "FoZM=  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 1t!Mg{&e[x  
Q;r 0#"  
(四)主句的重复 WF-imI:EK  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 hPFIf>%}  
6mdJ =b#  
"@` mPe/  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite u# =N8  
      A         B        C   0]>p|m9K^<  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. 6t]oSxN  
     D m/Yi;>I(  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 '{( n1es  
"c\T  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow Pn7oQA\  
        A   B       Iob o5B  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth.  ]g?G 0m  
      C    D (2qo9j"j/Y  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 L4kYF~G:4  
5-u=ZB% p  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided $#Ji=JX  
   A                     B  :^iR&`2~  
  names for towns, only George Washington |Ca$>]?  
      C 5QmF0z)wR  
  is remembered in the name of a state. i@B5B2  
          D  ITbl%q  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 uvA}7L{UO  
六、比较级和最高级 b:%>T PT  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 O4$: xjs  
t]vX9vv+D  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 $h_@`j  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which o_G.J4 V  
      A               dd4yS}yBlR  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. CtSAo\F  
     B       C           D PVtQ&m$y  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 ]m}>/2oSs  
OB$A"XGAEV  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 {n1o)MZ]R  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. 6'wP?=  
     A      B     C  D *4(.=k  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 $rjv4e}7  
D %5 0  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere l_}c[bAUu  
     A       B     C   D @ObsW !g  
  is the grizzly bear. ,%ajIs"Gi  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。  %gf8'Q  
cc^V~-ph  
zizrc.g/Yg  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 ^ rxXAc[  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 cxmr|- ^  
Pp.X Du  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with {(aJrSE<z  
   A           B  S:R%%cy  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. #D}NT*w/  
   C                 D r<b g->lX  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ^,`yt^^A  
0,VbB7 z  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 ;xj^*b  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as \GPWC}V\s  
A>'o5+  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 4ci @$nL1  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 k-w._E <  
the taller boy UDxfS4yI  
`[`eg<xj  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 &{7%Vs TB  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed Pw+ cpM 8<  
          A            B o{ U = f6  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is %7hYl'83  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. =NlAGzv!w  
    C          D 3lLO .  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they m@TU2  
RX#:27:  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 $e0sa=/  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, V}Oxz 04  
  A  B         C     LnM+,cBz  
  the Navajos form largest group. ;[%AeN5W  
         D r1t  TY?  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 C'hZNFsF;  
Uv.{=H:  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, _d,_&7  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language "-\I?k  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the X(N!y"z  
])v M# f  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many ofRe4 *\j  
            A      B         C na>UFw7>*  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. v-g2k_ o|  
            D /2 WGo-  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 %n T!u!#  
uBH4E;[f  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the arRb q!mO  
例如:my best friends #sN]6  
4 Bs '5@  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial D8G5,s-.  
            A    B     C p~BEz?e  
  and banking center. 1Sx2c  
        D G[@RZ~o4  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 lE'2\kxI?  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 4ba[*R2  
RG0kOw0  
U]ynnw4  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary mA@FJK_  
                 A         *%E4 ,(T  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. wQEsq<  
    B   C     D 9$$dSN\&  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 TD!--l*gL  
~}pc&jz>q  
七、平行结构 8BE] A_X  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 S6Y2(qdP  
.o8Sy2PaV  
<hvs{}TS  
(一) 对等连接词 %<8`(Uu5  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 R-LMV  
单一式: and, or ,but Bs)'Gk`1  
相关式: both…and, not … but, 0$ JH5RC  
     either …or, neither…nor hz:h>Hwy  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as _rM?g1}5j  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, /s*.:cdH  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also >m]LV}">O  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, DK)T2{:  
,2YZB*6h{  
短语式: as well as P q0 %oz  
     rather than (而不是) (Zg'])  
     other than (除…之外) v{d$DZUs  
     instead of (代替) TZ&X0x8  
k/P.[5  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 3xg9 D.A  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  WP2=1"X63  
       A     B   @}=(4%  
  but he is now living in Detroit. b9-IrR4h  
       C   D 8EI 9&L>  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 Jsl2RdI  
? D _kQl  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics z/u^  
       A         B oNZ_7t U  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford h5SJV a  
  remained active in city and regional planning. u\V^g   
          C    D  *,mI=1  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 m>%b4M  
(二)平行的内容 4qdoF_  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 baBBn %_V  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of 8 q@Z  
             A         B   yEq7ueJ'  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, )P$|9<_q7x  
         C            D L.Qz29\  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. 7~ PL8  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 1~*1W4};F8  
f#= c=e-A  
X_]rtG  
第二、名词单复数的平行 O2?C *  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 {%f{U"m  
M2O_kO eZ  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail,  Y !?'[t  
  A     B          C   TxX=(7V  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. /8FmPCp}r  
                 D   )h8}{*   
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 $KK~KEZ2  
`gX@b^  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, T$I_nxh[)L  
                   A         B -L1785pB85  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. +(W1x C0  
      C          D n t}7|h|  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have 5 % 2A[B  
>]\I:T  
第三、时态的平行 Y@UkP+{f=  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated UEU/505  
                A     `*C=R  _  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops *doNPp)m  
                   B FSIiw#xzH  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. GJ+^t  
          C    D tyu@ a CK  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 S<tw5!tJ  
Qp>leEs]+6  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- gcJ!_KZK  
  spread from its home in Central America and @(3F4Z.i%.  
  now grows throughout the tropics. k }=<51c  
   (A) to be    (B) it   XKoY!Y\  
   (C) the     (D) its T] zEcx+e  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? %#HU~X:  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow *g/klK  
/*K2i5&X  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- ;_o]$hV|  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. dftBD  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised RB5SK#z  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised au rs~  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 1F@k9[d~  
"6B7EH  
第四、排列位置的平行 ,eXtY}E  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. wPA^nZ^}9c  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode }^ rxsx`  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  ;_<R +w3-  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes o/5-T4  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes ']_2@<XW)  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 +$2{u_m,  
k6G _c;V  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: <`H0i*|Ued  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 e+ xQ\LH  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 !jCgTo y  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 1!#85SMx  
gP^2GnjHL8  
八、词序的颠倒 jL VJ+mu  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 |)-kUu  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 F:{*4b  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage +7Ws`qhEe  
              A    B        fgLjF,Y  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. &w@]\7L,:  
      C       D    UKS5{"=T[  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 S-Uod y  
lqzt[zgN  
Z\&f"z?L  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 QY\k3hiq n  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only <izQ]\kL  
          A      B     9 {4yC9Oz>  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. 4{VO:(geZ  
    C         D *}[\%u$ T  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 K$E3RB_F  
T j$'B[cv  
B2`S0 H  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 1? >P3C  
^-o{3Q(w  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were %mI0*YRma  
          A   B     C   { U4!sJSl1  
  in what is now the United States. b)w cGBS  
    D w)btv{*  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 Gnc`CyN:H  
Psb !Z(  
所有的系动词分为三大类: A5l Cc b  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, 1 ZdB6U0  
    is, remain, keep, stay, t)SZ2G1r  
    lie, exit(表示位于) 1gI7$y+?  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 ep >!jMhJa  
    become, turn, grow, &L|oqXE0L  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) F72#vS j  
UQVL)-Z  
第三种,感官动词 a~o <>H  
    seem(好像是) A(Ct^/x-  
    look(看起来好像是) Dy08.Sss  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste \Ne`9k  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 !2!~_*sGe  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe ns[/M~_r  
    A               B      _"DC )  
   to cause numerous deaths. M T6p@b5  
        C   D  }U]jy  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 bpu`'Vx  
<,vIN,Kl8/  
九、词性的混用 "M%R{pGA7  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 ;`AB-  
J"gMm@#C4  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 zCs34=3 D[  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; y6 (L=$+B  
e=]SIR()`  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high Y:*% [\R  
          A        B      xj5TnE9^  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and g-3^</_fZ  
              C 14$%v;Su4  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. TE`5i~ R*  
          D rfV'EjiM}  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) rgy I:F.  
gUiO66#x  
]($ \7+  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 P" c@V,.  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 <4 {m99  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds UfW=/T  
         A       B      ^f[6NYS?  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to he|Q (?  
          C        e'b*_Ps'  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. F:/x7]7??Z  
            D !7t&d  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 t?hfP2&6  
08\w!!a:  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, y&(#C: N  
            A       1zRYd`IPoq  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of Zk`y"[J  
      B      C cGm3LS6]*  
   urban Black people in the United States. cB&_':F  
   D B/X$ZQ0  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 aOvqk ^  
,h=a+ja8  
6UCF w>  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 #ss/mvc3  
表示时间有两种可能, NL]_;\ h  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 b |:Y3_>  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, Hn >VPz+I  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 [~Ky{:@)[  
/KvJjt'8  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence :G>w MMv&z  
       A     B     he(K   
  were made while the American Civil War. N]F RL\K  
   C    D Uha.8  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 8XJi}YPQ  
J 2}poNmm  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the uZ8-?  
   A      B           C    dC,C[7\  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. SY|K9 $M^  
          D [.4{s  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 tN<X3$aN  
~~Bks{"BS  
n UmyPQ~  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 Gtaa^mnxD  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 ~1;M4K  
46]BRL2 G  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social ~*bfS}F8I  
                   A     fV4rVy8  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. S3/%;=|  
     B   C    D MrzD ah9UG  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 T/E=?kBR  
<oJ?J^  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples 2*Qi4%s#  
   A        B   C      $M)SsD~  
  easily under the stress of compression. Eu' ;f_s  
   D ~-Kx^3(#  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 1N(#4mE=  
QOEi.b8r  
C W#:'  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 3}FZg w .  
ke8g tbm  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine KO=$Hr?f;  
    A         B 1iY4|j;ahV  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. [ne51F5_  
          C            D /% g9g_rt#  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 qK7:[\T|?T  
<L8|Wz  
Q k}RcP  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, D& pn@6bB  
         A n[0u&m8  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. ( jU $   
   B      C      D ld ]*J}cw  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 i<F7/p "-  
OC*28)  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词  .x%w#  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; zEU[u7%  
two hundred diligent students
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