加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 ancs  
7S'3U}Y>VX  
第一章 名词 a8$gXX-2  
nZ7FG  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 c0}* $e  
?2LRMh")$  
第一节 可数名词 p{c+ +P5  
OZ,%T9vP  
考点一 单复数 4O g&w]  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。 3JnBKh\n  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 Dl/Jlsd@  
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式) `VJJ"v<L  
SY: gr  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 5yC$G{y V  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则:  KaRdO  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes /d<"{\o  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories MJxTzQE  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives `/+%mKlC|[  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs ">?ocJ\9  
C9?R*2L>  
例题: Q2 tM~  
E Z^eEDZ  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. SHM ?32'  
   A         B           C       D UD 0v ia  
答案:A GQZLOjsop  
应改为:Flowers y(I_ 6+B^  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 W>ZL[BQ  
!>%U8A  
UIpW#t  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic uyd y[n\  
   A               B   C          D ^>?E1J3u  
pain. a{?`yO/ 2  
答案:A vrS)VJg`  
应改为:Doctors tcovMn '  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 >g):xi3qK  
考点二 复数形式特例 994   
$jLJ&R=?]  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 ^LA.Y)4C2%  
1.单复数词形相同 lq4vX^S  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等 NPN*k].  
Fx^e%":@ip  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: a$Lry?pb  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises (thDv rT@2  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula X >i`z  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena N8$MAW  
8,E#vQ55}(  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: u )'l|Y  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄), j Hd <*  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), [+=h[DC  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如: W] 8tp@  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) won(HK\1p  
$EHnlaG8r  
5 不规则的名词复数 .3(=U Q  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice vt;<+"eps  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet jg ~;s  
6B4s6  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词 (t.pM P4  
2<$C6J0HM  
例题: Dh*>361y-  
1goK>=-^  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading `jR = X  
       A            B           C PVAs# ~  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. s'LY)_n  
            D >w:px$g4  
s[:e '#^  
(2) *Z7W'-  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed saOXbt(&  
  A      B           C           ffGiNXCM  
feet. N|eus3\E  
 D S#{e@ C  
答案:D < C\snB  
应改为:foot }Vw"7  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 ukV1_QeN [  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 8W?/Sg`  
wy&s~lpV,7  
第二节 限定词 C7&4,],  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: %s~MfK.k  
1.之后肯定接单数: }<w/2<T[  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. E1:{5F5/  
例句: Each of them has two books. KFHn)+*"  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) hVRpk0IJDK  
Z^9;sb,x  
2.之后肯定接复数: $Jo[&,  
these, those, many, such, other, F+R4nFA  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), agX-V{l.  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several 92+LY]jS  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of XRVE8v+  
uiDK&@RS  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc U/&!F  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 B*E:?4(<P  
x/47e8/  
aH'Sz'|E  
#R<4K0Xan  
考点一 否定限定词no _7? o/Q?F%  
8r(S=dA  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: #+V-65v  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. x9R_KLN:;  
No one is here. #>C.61Fx  
'S\YNLqQ  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于: poj@ G{  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; 7k}[x|u  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 rr>*_67-:  
/PF X1hSu  
例题: JaP2Q} &B  
(1) )3PQ|r'  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. k/hE68 <6i  
(A) none H/'tSb  
(B) no U,S&"`a  
(C) not v8p-<N)  
(D) nor % FW__SN$c  
,":_=Tf.  
答案: C [4B.;MS(  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 \hv1"WaJ  
)$V}tr!  
(2) a.QF`J4"'  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when }3 NGMGu$  
A                B           C Ld6j;ZJ';  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. _D7MJT  
        D lSU&Yqx  
K~8;wDN`b  
答案: A . fq[>zG'&  
应改为: No >v^Bn|_/  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 oW3{&vfz  
XmN3[j  
考点二 their等物主代词 0]3%BgZ(a8  
i_T8Bfd:  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars kK+ <n8R2  
44axOk!G[/  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 =\H.C@r  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. aV`4M VWOz  
这里用their 而不用 the b6BeOR*ps  
Zn&S7a>7  
例题: > (+g:p  
(1) hKP!;R  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten VaQqi>;\  
              A      B        C -Gjz;/s%XH  
the lives. $r})j~c  
 D qv|geBW  
J{c-'Of2yi  
答案: D xKIzEN &  
应改为: their 1B+uv0lA  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 nE+OBdl  
kx=.K'd5H  
(2) ]H8,}  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any $,R QA^gxW  
      A        B              C _ S%3?Q  
specific way. :^".cs?g  
    D `0a=A#]1o  
1s5F jD?M  
答案: B j?sq i9#  
应改为: its Ul#||B .c{  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 [>l 2E  
3dm lP2  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 F&? &8.  
/7Z5_q_  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 F!m/n!YR  
+R LHe]9&  
例题: 5&V0(LT]C  
(1) o'nju.'  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or NYopt?Xg  
        A        B        C UzZzt$Kw  
relating those objects. y" 4Nw]kU  
 D M1(+_W`  
nff X  
答案: B Fy(-.S1  
应改为: is a set AC*> f&  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 r 334E  
mI5BJ  
(2) [,;h1m ~iX  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. $$my,:nH  
A       B     C           D FdrH,  
VRr_s:CWK  
答案: D tu.Tvtudzj  
应改为: responses 6|# +  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few G's >0  
ci]IH]x  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别 ~nul[>z  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) |g o jb  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, ) "'389*-  
gDY+'6m;  
第三节 冠词作限定词 /`d|W$vN  
!Db 0r/_:G  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 r3~~4Q4XI>  
HTfHAc?W  
考点一 不定冠词a / an ']'H8Y-M  
j,7NLb9M  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: G=rgL'{  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university +f#o ij  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour =P* YwLb  
m(~5X0  
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). qs$%/  
F%Te0l  
例题: z :m`  
(1)       8H0d4~Wg  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever S4n ~wo  
   A                 B           C -!X,M DO  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. ifo^ M]v  
                 D O' 5xPJ  
答案: B有错 `RRC8]l  
应改为: puzzle. 6fP"I_c  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle SONv] ));  
(2) -ahSFBZlg  
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a O26'|w@$  
   A        B       C          D :>@6\    
question of physiology and of culture. }N^A (`L  
答案: D有错 )qg cz<p?W  
应改为: day B@v\tpR  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day 4Dd@&N  
(3) z#$>f*b  
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the -vRZCIj!  
  A      B       C RW4}n< 88  
nonprofessional metal worker.  >mk}  
    D P;A9t#\  
答案: C m|:O:<  
应改为: still a practical PrA?e{B5m  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 3WOm`<  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 R2]2#3`  
例题: q<5AB{Oj?  
(1) q_5hKipd\b  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. 7P& O{tl(  
   A     B    C           D ]c67zyX=%  
答案: A I}?+>cf  
应改为: An emotion 3RwDIk?>%  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an ~9[^abz  
(2) B+8lp4V9%  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine bgi B*`z  
   A    B                       C  BZ'63  
chemically with other atoms. DlD;rL=  
         D _m;H$N~I#  
答案: A G _5uO58  
应改为: an atom E`M, n ,  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an vs*Q {  
PP]Z~ne0X  
考点二 定冠词the sQIzcnKB  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: :n%KHen3\  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: Hzn6H4Rc  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower B&bQvdp  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: u{Rgk:bn  
the first woman, the nineteenth century rV5QKz6'  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby [M;B 9-2$  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: )0tq&  
the largest city, the most advanced technology x/)o'#d$|l  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: {&I3qk2(  
the development of the watch, Xy[*)<  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: qs Uob   
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 20NotCM  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: :m{;<LRV  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: l ;fO]{  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) 'Cq)/}0  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the B]_NI=d  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) i& phko}  
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:  mRYM,   
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) av; ~e<  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: :wR aB7  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… V\=QAN^  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: `%5~>vPS  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed =0" Zse,  
乘车的词组: 1|Q-|jq`  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), ;q ;}2  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) Q"Ur*/-U  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), Mu>WS)1lS  
打球的词组: ;v=v4f'+  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball cCWk^lF],  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. ?_<14%r ;  
例题: F2bAo6~R  
(D)       +kdZfv>  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. ~a RK=i$F  
(A) it was the t (sQw '>  
(B) that the _(&XqEX  
(C) there was a Pd^v-}[  
(D) the 8t$w/#'@  
答案:D y G{;kJ P  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 g~Hmka_fD1  
(2) XSDudL  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of CKau\N7T  
           A            B }X;LR\^u[f  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. Co%EJb"tk  
     C      D wFHbz9|@I  
答案:D cf7UV6D g  
应改为:of 'A}@XGE:p  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 {G^f/%  
(3) )?zlhsu}1;  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to =SEgv;#KZ~  
  A      B              C    FWJhi$\:D]  
nineteenth century. S~+er{,ht4  
  D ?-HLP%C('  
答案:D ]3/_?n-"`  
应改为:to the nineteenth B{^ojV;]m  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the ^jiYcg@_[  
第四节 不可数名词 &0='z  
}bZ cVc2  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 -? |-ux  
9jC>OZ0s  
抽象名词如: F}C.F  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: M ~uX!bDH  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), BnL[C:|  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), F z 6&.f  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) 42Vz6 k:  
还有表达学科类的名词如: I5$@1+B  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, (i"@{[IP  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) s:fy *6=[Z  
Gop;!aV1*  
物质名词如: 1$]hyC/f  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), }z$_= v  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) ju AUeGT  
EC]b]'._  
)U~,q>H+ %  
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 ^Iz(V2  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, ZMI!Sl  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), BJ]4j-^o  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) Buue][[  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 -S ASn  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice S S/9fT"[  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, 2GHmA_7P  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 $Eo)i  
例题: -j6&W `  
(1) }qa8o  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and RbY=O OQ  
       A      B    C          D 78iu<L+If  
trade. $Ka-ZPy<#  
答案:C |fJpX5W-l  
应改为:advertising ' \&t3?;  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 y" (-O%Pe  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 &at^~ o  
ZW6ZO[`6  
考点二 限定词 r&u&$ "c  
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: /4]<ro67E6  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) XtJ _po  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 vp"b_x1-  
例题: y)s+/Teb  
(1) ^F>C|FJ2  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear !,}F2z?4c  
        A              B         C P)>`^wc$  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. q&j4PR{  
                     D ;^Q - 1  
答案:D G(g.~|=EZ  
应改为:little. @Kx@ 2#~b  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little +A 4};]W|  
(2) Kzj9!'0R  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge h!vq~g  
      A                    B cgQ4JY/ 6  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. >uu ]K  
           C         D o=&tT,z  
答案:B 6X2~30pdE  
应改为:much evidence $Ur-Q d  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 jjT|@\-u  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 .L#xX1qr  
例如: ~{8X$ xs  
a lot of students , a lot of money e\9H'$1\  
the rest of the students, the rest of money L.%N   
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. L\CufAN  
yV'<l .N  
第五节 所有格及of结构 e >OYJd0s  
BEm~o#D  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 XOdkfmc+s'  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, jkN-(v(T  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office %  T2C0P  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , 5Tb3Yy< .  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room OYj4G ?c  
例题: M)<4|x  
(1) F+lsza  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. "1-|ahW  
(A) of the drop Q9\6Pn ]T  
(B) the drop's #VLO6  
(C) drop of _(TYR*  
(D) drops their T VuDK  
答案: (B) PCx] >&  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 w<4,;FFlZ/  
(2) ? eU=xO  
Over a very lar ]h`<E~  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. ~I_v {  
(A) occurs OFyZY@B-C~  
(B) will occur CQ(;L{}  
(C) can occur Za&.sg3RG  
(D) occurring L'*P;z7<  
答案:D R>3a?.X  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 |PI]v`[  
] VN4;R   
考点二 of结构 v+3-o/G7  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) K?4/x4p@  
如: the title of the passage upJ|`,G{  
例如: bhI yq4N  
(1) oQkY@)3.w  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names XyS|7#o  
          A     B     C 2Sq+w;/  
of some works years after their completion. !A6l\_  
       D s`bC?wr5h  
答案: C ]/_GHG9  
应改为: paintings T}?vp~./   
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 &|:T+LVv$+  
(2) \n @S.Y?P  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and ) LA^j|Y}  
      A         B     C         D 'k9?n)<DW  
spinal cord. }> 51oBgk_  
答案: B 9}4EW4  
应改为: stimulation $J~~.PUXQ  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 yrDWIU(8;6  
%HRFH  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 !f(aWrw7e6  
dh7PpuN{  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 /nK)esB1L  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 ~IHjj1s  
例题: ~YIGOL"?  
(1) a0"gt"q A  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. W#<&(s4  
(A) was a major collection fwy-M:  
(B) that a major collection O<R6^0B42  
(C) a collection was major n'/w(o$&  
(D) a major collection jafq(t  
答案: (D) q8:Z.<%8  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 c<V.\y0x  
(2) (89NK ]2x  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of > 4:W:;R  
    A         B        C     D p[(VhbN  
medieval alchemists. PN{l)&K2.  
答案:A l`2X'sw[/  
应改为:beginnings. \lKiUy/  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 PXGS5,  
%/dYSC  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 pti`q )  
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 5_+vjV;5  
例题: PsDks3cG  
(1) O6P0Am7s  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. BRP 9j y  
(A) new dance, the twist wTFM:N  
(B) twist, was the new dance b=a&!r5M  
(C) twist, the new dance that rE"`q1b#  
(D) new dance is the twist <@n/[ +3  
答案: (A) GzK{. xf  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 "U34D1I )#  
(2) @.fuR#  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep m~9Qx`fi`  
     A                B        PIo/|1  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. F\+wM*:U  
 C               D ]]$s"F<  
答案: D 0U]wEz*b  
应改为: promise. W O $PW`k  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词 s)"C~w^  
^~(vP:  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 Qvs}{h/  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, `h12  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. C$\|eC j  
例题: bp2l%A;  
(1) VO>A+vx3M  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. Q,Vv  
(A) that institutes st ( l85  
(B) while instituted B2VC:T G>  
(C) was an institution #gi0FXL  
(D) an institute p>=YPi/d  
答案: (D) R9D< lX0%  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 !> -cMI6E  
(2) ),0_ C\  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. +Zt qR  
(A) is the great modern choreographer `C`CU?D  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers EP&iG%(k  
(C) that the great modern choreographers jZS6f*$  
(D) the modern choreographers were great dON 4r2-yC  
答案:B br+{23&1R#  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博网网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交