加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 Q,[rrG;?@  
>:3xi{  
第一章 名词 N{?Tm`""  
[{hLF9yPx  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 [d!Af4  
!X \Sp}  
第一节 可数名词 sV9{4T~#|  
dbf^A1HI  
考点一 单复数 'DaNR`9  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。 H}u)%qY+~  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 <) >gg!   
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式) v*vub#wP  
 ` 4s#5g  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 8eg2o$k_,#  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则: ;j[q?^ b  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes :X1`wBu  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories {[(W4NAlH  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives 7v4-hfN  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs $g}/T_26  
1Ud t9$~T  
例题: i]h R7g<  
QjW~6Z.tI  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. Zp% ""  
   A         B           C       D XY$cx~  
答案:A ynOc~TN  
应改为:Flowers +E""8kW- Z  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 Px^<2Q%Fs  
l:kE^=6  
9v5.4a}  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic A7I8Z6&  
   A               B   C          D V.E.~<7D\  
pain.  Hsux>+Q  
答案:A EP% M8  
应改为:Doctors /M{)k_V  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 :#"OCXr  
考点二 复数形式特例 e-T9HM&%P  
r(/P||`l  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 pqNoL* H  
1.单复数词形相同 B=nx8s  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等  (t]R#2{  
u0$5Fd&X  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: a7 '\*  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises 0^-b}  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula "p_[A  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena EZu  
R}=]UOqH-  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: s*A|9u f5  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄), h^3Vd K,  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), T=)L5Vuq<  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如: H6+st`{  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) Yh!\:9@(  
M. UUA?d<'  
5 不规则的名词复数 {UjIxV(J  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice ,'@ISCK^  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet 'XjHB!!hU  
%>QSeX  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词 ?(XX  
A UO0  
例题: Y{\2wU!Isn  
jl|X$w  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading 9= ;g4I  
       A            B           C l'X?S(fiV  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. '"NdT7*+  
            D <GU(/S!}  
1 bx^Pt)  
(2) 4iB)oR  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed |x~ei_x7.p  
  A      B           C           ;?[+vf")  
feet. D_`)T;<Sp  
 D *xX0]{49q  
答案:D I2!&="7@  
应改为:foot nT6iS}h  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 Vam8NnZ|r  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 Le+8s LE`Y  
C3 c|@7FU  
第二节 限定词 [}Yci:P_ +  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: Y@xeyMzE  
1.之后肯定接单数: yH0ZSv  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. N1zrfn-VU  
例句: Each of them has two books. [IX!3I[J]  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) &_TjRj"  
$XzlW=3y  
2.之后肯定接复数: {@`Uf;hPAX  
these, those, many, such, other, C)dYAq3,8  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), H_^u_ %:e  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several 'wHkE/ 83  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of bGLp0\0[  
? v*7!2;  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc U-N/Z\QD  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 Ol^EQLO  
-s84/E4Y*  
X64I~*  
4B,A+{3yL  
考点一 否定限定词no tUnVdh6L.B  
QxL FN(d  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: L*Cf&c`8r  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. \d`Sz *  
No one is here. X+BSneu  
$+N^ s^  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于: T`G"2|ISS  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; `h]f(  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 ^aMdbB  
vG}oo  
例题: X Y?@^  
(1) C T`X~y10  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. H!=BjU1Pmg  
(A) none fL:Fn"Nv  
(B) no |`/uS;O  
(C) not ?V)6`St#C  
(D) nor (`xnA~BN  
K>6p5*&  
答案: C a^,RbV/  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 Jp0.h8i  
 K>eG5tt  
(2) 9mm(?O~'p  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when  (La  
A                B           C u&bU !ZI  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. 9\2&6H  
        D h#nQd=H<g#  
]^<~[QK_C  
答案: A Awh)@iTL  
应改为: No A@r,A?(  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 `Mg "!n`  
7m:,-xp  
考点二 their等物主代词 \eCdGx?  
A\Gw+l<h,  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars "N_?yA#(j  
8),Y|4  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 g~b'}^J  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. 7&1: ]{_  
这里用their 而不用 the sP%.o7& n  
P9vROzXK  
例题: &@+; ]t  
(1) @T"385>  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten $P_Y8:  
              A      B        C \BW(c)Q  
the lives. M;R>]wP"V  
 D 7Z_iQ1  
&PX'=UT  
答案: D hkG<I';M?M  
应改为: their `Ec+i  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 ]Ea-?IhD  
G)Y!aX  
(2) szHUHW~;J  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any F<[8!^l(z  
      A        B              C d<o  
specific way. xlAaIo)T  
    D U N/.T   
Dts:$PlCk  
答案: B kVY@q&p  
应改为: its 0W)_5f&  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 N@}U;x}  
/.r($S g^  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 '5%DKz  
(ZYOm  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 yAOC<d9 E  
y$ WS;#  
例题: -}%zus5  
(1) j[9 B,C4  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or N`M5`=.  
        A        B        C \ys3&<;b  
relating those objects. cMj<k8.{  
 D -Je+7#P1  
&+\wYa,  
答案: B |^ qW   
应改为: is a set tQ/U 'Ap&  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 _Qv4;a  
_u>+H#  
(2) ! M bRI  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. vjHbg#0%  
A       B     C           D RR"#z'zQ  
t*COzE  
答案: D xe5>)\18-  
应改为: responses ?f%@8%px  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few b c+' n  
4EOu)#  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别 a @%FwfIu  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) rP*?a~<  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, )  "d A"N$  
L|c01  
第三节 冠词作限定词 77)C`]0(  
*QrTZ$\C  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 Cu0/TeEM  
poM VB{U  
考点一 不定冠词a / an _Wgg=A"G  
tf>?;  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: ~V(WD;Mk  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university P*\.dAi  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour f9; M"Pd  
3uN;*f  
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). 6}[W%S]8  
;0ake%v]  
例题: nL\BB&  
(1)       4O2O0\o:  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever x H\5T!  
   A                 B           C C]{43  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. + -U7ogs  
                 D EWbFy"=  
答案: B有错 e;,D!  
应改为: puzzle. {G_ZEo#x8,  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle \  VJ3  
(2) &d=j_9   
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a |]^OX$d  
   A        B       C          D MH1??vW  
question of physiology and of culture. OSxr@  
答案: D有错 nT9B?P>  
应改为: day Q R;Xj3]v  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day M~=9ym  
(3) Yaht<Hy  
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the :,% vAI  
  A      B       C y?;&(Tcbt8  
nonprofessional metal worker. an =8['X  
    D ^ola5wD  
答案: C w m !Y5  
应改为: still a practical hr(E, TAe  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 i_Ab0vye  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 GeD^-.^  
例题: )u`q41!  
(1) EE=!Y NP]  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. ??Q'| r  
   A     B    C           D ~sx?aiO  
答案: A @))PpE`co8  
应改为: An emotion :'|%~&J  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an k|'{$/ n  
(2) >/9f>d?w^  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine q ^Un,h64t  
   A    B                       C %7 7v'Pz1  
chemically with other atoms. 8GgZAu'X  
         D ^"STM'Zh  
答案: A w9Bbvr6  
应改为: an atom % \IB_M  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an a<*q+a(*W  
b"DaLwKkz  
考点二 定冠词the V{+'(<SV  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: E<]O,z;F  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: #eadkj #;  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower 589hfET  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: ?5-Y'(r  
the first woman, the nineteenth century BJC$KmGk  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby z-ns@y(f@X  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: !Lkk1z o  
the largest city, the most advanced technology Uq/FH@E=  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: :+#$=4  
the development of the watch, p?rh+0wgX  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: PgHe;^?j  
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun tZ \e:AAi  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: %n?&#_G|  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: 0+S ;0  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) )<YfLDgTs  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the s R/z)U_  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) +;,65j+n   
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: 7]sRHX0o%  
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) CZZwBt$P  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: vo (riHH  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… Ln +;HorZ]  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: QrBb! .r  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed uvG' Kx  
乘车的词组: (fNG51h!  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), ~cr##Ff 5  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) E)>.2{]C>  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), u~c75Mk_v  
打球的词组: i8w/a  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball ?i{/iH~Sf  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. Phq"A[4=O  
例题: MD98N{+[|  
(D)       DbWaF5\yD  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.  ^t}1 $H  
(A) it was the D?.H|%  
(B) that the 43.Q);4  
(C) there was a '[Zgwz;z  
(D) the :X*$U ~aQ  
答案:D tp<v  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 T{So 2@_&  
(2) ^]5^p9Jt"e  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of {nPiIPH  
           A            B I:6H65(&  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. i& TWIl8  
     C      D RNo~}#  
答案:D u|"y&>!R-  
应改为:of :i3 W U%  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 7#&e0fw/I  
(3) m Ce"=[  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to :al ,zxs  
  A      B              C    ) 7C+hQe  
nineteenth century. o<gK"P  
  D )g?ox{Hol  
答案:D k:F{U^!p|  
应改为:to the nineteenth |%oI,d=ycv  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the cd|/ 4L 6  
第四节 不可数名词 )(9[>_+40  
i A<'i8$P  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 O"X:3srJ`  
T>pyYF1Q  
抽象名词如: v\@pZw=x  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: $ V !25jQ  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), } eF r,bJ  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), .D;6 r4S  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) h=qT@)h1>  
还有表达学科类的名词如: @+0dgkJ  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, "Zy:q'`o  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) CpB,L  
:dQRrmM  
物质名词如: c39j|/!;Y  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), *\@RBJGF  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) `8r$b/6  
%NfXe[T  
QT5pn5+ z  
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 _Hd|y  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, =j{tFxJ  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), [?hvx}  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) 4"H *hKp  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 zVa&4 T-  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice  WzoI0E`  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, <f`n[QD2z  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 {F2Rv  
例题: Te[v+jgLY,  
(1) nF_q{e7  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and L N Fe7<y  
       A      B    C          D 3y+~l H :  
trade. S0Io$\ha  
答案:C @HiGc^ X(  
应改为:advertising M.6uWwzQR  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 [^?i<z{0C  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 ;[UI ]?A%  
j dLu\=@z  
考点二 限定词 [qW%H,_  
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: !'~Ldl  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) rAAx]nQ@  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 vPGUE`!D+  
例题: ||Owdw|{  
(1) [5p3:D  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear !L8q]]'XM  
        A              B         C ~?Vod|>  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. %3~ miP  
                     D [uHU[ sG  
答案:D f|M^UHt8*  
应改为:little. v@OELJX  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little C4$P#DZT^  
(2) Pg8boN]}  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge vD9\i*\2  
      A                    B W{.:Cf9  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. p0 X%^A,4  
           C         D sZCK?  
答案:B fo+s+Q|Y  
应改为:much evidence x}pH'S7  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 gJr)z7W'8  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 XJPIAN~l  
例如: $)"T9 $>$  
a lot of students , a lot of money z^`4n_(Ygu  
the rest of the students, the rest of money H[p~1%Lq  
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. -rI7ihr*  
Z( c SM  
第五节 所有格及of结构 DvQV_D  
hG.}>(VV  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 *5BVL_:~J  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, SF*mY=1  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office 4cSs=|m?+  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , CHv n8tk  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room *~ 6]IWN`  
例题: w9GY/]  
(1) EiC["M'}  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. ]kmAN65c  
(A) of the drop "?6*W"N9  
(B) the drop's *vRHF1)L  
(C) drop of 3{co.+  
(D) drops their .O0eSp|e  
答案: (B) KYB3n85 1  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 GYIQ[#'d7  
(2) jWxa [ >  
Over a very lar {`2 0'  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. 4IfkYM  
(A) occurs V4"o.G3\o  
(B) will occur adoK-bSt  
(C) can occur  !vl1#@  
(D) occurring xP1D 9   
答案:D #oEtLb@O  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 !?i9fYu  
0W6= '7  
考点二 of结构 %`G}/"  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) l@UF-n~[  
如: the title of the passage lp$,`Uz`  
例如: e jk?If 07  
(1) E]a,2{&8<  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names fF/;BSq'  
          A     B     C U .^%7.  
of some works years after their completion. C\C*@9=&x  
       D 4yxf/X)  
答案: C YL;*%XmAG  
应改为: paintings #CeWk$)m  
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 0_>1CW+X  
(2) Pa\yp?({q  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and W}(xE?9&  
      A         B     C         D yq[CA`zVN  
spinal cord. q4/P'.S  
答案: B &s.-p_4w^D  
应改为: stimulation LGRhCOP:  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 'OYnLz`"6  
A:sP%c;  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 H0lAu]~R_W  
w01\KV  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 NTM.Vj -_h  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 .YS48 c  
例题: ^j_t{h)W(0  
(1) Wzh#dO?7  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. #k)J);&ZA  
(A) was a major collection eNt1P`2[  
(B) that a major collection ? i| LO  
(C) a collection was major nfr..4,:  
(D) a major collection 2 mvp|< "  
答案: (D) +-:G+9L@  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 SC0_ h(zb,  
(2) iJ`v3PP  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of z"@UNypc,  
    A         B        C     D G-T2b,J [  
medieval alchemists. 3)py|W%X $  
答案:A ATU]KL!{  
应改为:beginnings. %?:eURQ  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 {B6tGLt#bf  
o>4GtvA*  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 <NX6m|DD  
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 ZNbb8v  
例题: NA8$G|.?  
(1) SE!0f&  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. -jsk-,  
(A) new dance, the twist 6/thhP3`-  
(B) twist, was the new dance rv97Wm+  
(C) twist, the new dance that PP)-g0^@  
(D) new dance is the twist .Cf`D tK  
答案: (A) H#j Z'I  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 )y}W=Q>T  
(2) T]Eg9Y:+v  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep >) PcK  
     A                B        U*6)/.J  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. +gOv5Eno-  
 C               D ep2#a#&'  
答案: D <jvSV5%  
应改为: promise. nXOJ  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词 : |?nz$   
H|0GRjC  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 IvyBK]{|  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, 5b2_{6t  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. 9n${M:F  
例题: z!GLug*j`  
(1) L(2KC>GvA  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. AG$S;)Yl9c  
(A) that institutes _#/zH~V%  
(B) while instituted y J&`@gB  
(C) was an institution MZX-<p+  
(D) an institute v} $KlT  
答案: (D)  !Z'x h +  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 9_z u*  
(2) Q~A25Jf .  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. Uva b*9vX  
(A) is the great modern choreographer i<*{Z~B  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers f"j "ZM{~U  
(C) that the great modern choreographers '@ym-\,  
(D) the modern choreographers were great 9w Pc03a  
答案:B e.<$G'  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
4+6=? 正确答案:10
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交