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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 _%xe:X+ M  
YTc X4cC  
考点一 最高级的形式 h&t/ L  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: zPonG d1  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; _</>`P[  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive /E/Z0<l7  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. )(?,1>k`Z  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ;.O#|Z[  
例题: Y ]xFe>  
(1) # %~PNki  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular S,ENbP%0r  
    A                          B W E-cq1)  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ~rUcko8  
 C          D Jv,*rQH  
答案:A 6T?$m7c  
应改为:easiest. yDuMn<=3  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 vKcZgIR  
二、没有等级的形容词 qZV.~F+  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 C[-M ~yIL  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ?tA<:.<vtY  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 A-&'/IHR"B  
例题: j>}<FW-N  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. {o."T/?d'  
(A) most unique `|rr<Tsy\  
(B) unique 7)i6L'r  
(C) least unique )y .1}R2[  
(D)very unique ?V{AP&#M$x  
答案: B X!AD]sK  
Qy!;RaA3T  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 ev LZ<|  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: `{B<|W$=  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ol7^T  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: .szc-r{  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience w(EUe4 w{  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 S#|dmg;p  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. RHIGNzSz  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. OngUZMgdb  
例题: C"[d bh!  
(1) {*NM~yQ  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 9N* !C{VW  
  A  B         C              D 7&>==|gt  
答案: D q Xj]O3 mm  
应改为: form the largest 8_h:_7e  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the v9K=\ j  
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考点三 范围词 s^lm 81;  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 M WHzrqCA  
例题: ll#_v^  
(1) hG!|ts  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to Hr}pO"%  
            A            B        -D^.I  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. vIpitbFC  
         C    D E 7AYK&  
答案:C %YV3-W8S0  
应改为:longest. 3 uJ>:,~r  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 .~Y% AI  
考点四 most的其他用法 .~jn N  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: iD`>Bt7gD  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: v3Xt<I=4y  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; GkYD:o=qx  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists Wt $q{g{C  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: |:G`f8q9  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal \h UE, ^  
例题: S1G=hgF_L  
(1) IP-}J$$1  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. w?Nx ^)xX  
   A        B   C     D 81&5g'  
答案:A ;VI W/  
应改为:Most zm`^=cV  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ?> SH`\  
(2) 3|g]2|~w@h  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds {nl 4(2$  
   A       B              C a eo/4  
 of other cereal plants. ?iQA>P9B  
  D i~04P  
答案:A jhmWwT/O8^  
应改为:most. 2(Ez H  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 #6 yi  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 3kl\W[`?  
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the end. /92m5p  
第三章 副词 qp@:Zqz8  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 u4kg#+H  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 @'yD(ZMAz  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 TLk=H Gw  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ]zza/O;31(  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 aiKZ$KLC  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) m-Uq6_e  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) YAIDSZ&l[  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) <E(#;F^y  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 L.[ H   
例题: y6lle<SIu  
(1) N%A[}Y0;MW  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the d (Fb_  
             A        B    C _M/ckv1q@  
 1870's or thereabouts. /.<T^p@\&  
      D Wb] ha1$  
答案:C C|"h]  
应改为:commercially ?q(7avS9  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 V fJYYR  
(2) !_VKJZuH  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. ~Cx07I_lf  
(A) facially C:/O]slH  
(B) their faces ]A:n]mL  
(C) having facial >;eWgQ6V  
(D) they had faces X !g"D6'  
答案:A +_tK \MN  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 PpD ?TAlA  
Y]aVa2!Wb  
第二节 程度副词much等 sas}k7m"  
@U CGsw  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. Z,%^BAJ  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. 7F OG^  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 }{Ab:+aNd  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ?IR]y-r  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, F.2<G.9  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; j^#4!Ue  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) P` Hxj> {  
例题: 36mp+}R#  
(1) \vj<9ke&  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. p4QQ5O$;  
   A    B   C    D \c1u$'|v  
答案:C b&[bfM<  
应改为:much faster qxKW% {6o  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much /J''`Tf  
(2) N 4Kj)E@  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm .S ZZT0Z  
        A                 B :;Z?2P5i  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ]fxYS m  
          C     D @JB9qT  
答案:B UAleGR`,  
应改为:more. ,#n$YT7  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant s{g^K#BoFi  
(3) ,xcm:; &  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals KZeaM  
         A          B      C K=Q<G:+&V  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 8d|/^U.w~V  
            D w?eJVi@w{  
考点:程度副词 hCpX# rg?  
答案:D O@9<7@h+Nl  
应改为:still more 4hl`~&yDf  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, "UM*(&  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 BYuoeN!  
(4) gdj,e ^  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Aq]*$s2\G  
        A      B          C      D ?z{Z!Bt?=)  
swan's. w *Txc}  
考点:程度副词 ;NoD4*  
答案:A AQ<2 "s  
应改为:little bnZ`Wc*5b  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little ^U;r>[T9h  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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