第三节 最高级 dsx]/49<
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考点一 最高级的形式 3bZIYF2@
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: iJ' xh n
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; PQKaqv}N
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ;Vik5)D2D
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 2Qp Hvsl_
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Rm1A>1a:
例题: p[lNy{u~M
(1) <GHYt#GIZ+
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular cKb)VG^
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dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 2&c9q5.b
C D :c9U>1`g&
答案:A KDl_?9E5
应改为:easiest. I):!`R.,
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 >>aq,pH
二、没有等级的形容词
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有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ]?x:
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有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如:
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absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 bY
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例题: )ZrS{vY
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. OO?]qZa1
(A) most unique Y]]}
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(B) unique qd8n2f
(C) least unique O+}qQNe<
(D)very unique V[-jD8='3
答案: B lWBb4 !l
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 &>e-(4Xu
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7jnIv];i
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 5~mh'<:
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如:
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my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #2r}?hP/m
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 p-1 3H0Kt
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 8,0YD#x
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. CR6R?R3b
例题: hXqD<
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(1)
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Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. /-bO!RTwf
A B C D _`64gS}^
答案: D y*D]Q`5cag
应改为: form the largest 2tal
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the *N{emwIq
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考点三 范围词 UI>Y0O
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 KiJT!moB
例题: e["2QIOe
(1) i;!H!-sM
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to meOMq1
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. #!)n
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答案:C ezPz<iZ\N
应改为:longest. ;]_o4e6\p
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 d>{nQF;c
考点四 most的其他用法 wC5ee:u C%
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: V{<xff
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: `X3^fg
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; .l@xsJn
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 8=]Tr3
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: Y +Fljr*
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 8>7&E-
例题: #lkM=lY'
(1) 4._(|
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. g&`pgmUX
A B C D =9
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答案:A Fy.\7CL>
应改为:Most gCxAG
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Ox@
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(2) -=(!g&0
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds hXA6D)
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of other cereal plants. uV=Qp1~
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答案:A -N"&/)
应改为:most. #
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解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Op_RzZ
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词汇:cereal: 谷类的 pZeE61c/
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the end. +-G<c6 |
第三章 副词 ldp%{"ZZ
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 3JVK
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 NM06QzE
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 B`
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第一节 副词修饰动词 q#8 [
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 {\(L%\sV@
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) 3.qTLga|}
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) }6@pJG
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) zA1lca0HK
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 M6}3wM*4
例题: sxt-Vs7+6
(1) QPfc(Z
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ph-ATJ"
A B C %b
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1870's or thereabouts. iURk=
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答案:C YxP@!U9dE,
应改为:commercially Bn
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解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 r}jGUe}
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(2) !H}vu]R
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. >`%'4<I
(A) facially 2!$gyu6bpG
(B) their faces b%S62(qP
(C) having facial lj?v4$
(D) they had faces QJ7L7S
答案:A $.
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解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 H(&4[%;MP
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第二节 程度副词much等 LK@lpkX
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. !1G ."fo
She's not a bit more rational than you were. W<