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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 Th,15H DA  
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考点一 最高级的形式 ]$/TsN  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: ~6!{\un   
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; P6w!r>?6N  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive QUd`({/@:  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. @F)51$Ld  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. g[fCvWm#d  
例题: FEgM4m.(G<  
(1) C;2!c  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular {IEc{y7?gO  
    A                          B l1}=>V1  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. @dE|UZ=(  
 C          D vgRjd1k.\y  
答案:A xC;b<~zN  
应改为:easiest. v!(B S,  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 B$A`-  
二、没有等级的形容词 :3WrRT,'L  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 =*0<.Lo':  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: Sz4YP l  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 P!yE{_%  
例题: 82#7TX4  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. x5\C MWW  
(A) most unique UD1R _bL}  
(B) unique EjLj5Z/q  
(C) least unique 9%aBW7@SK  
(D)very unique -'b tKz*9  
答案: B 6|gC##T  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 EGWm0 F_  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: @ht= (Jk9  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant c?oNKqPzg  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 9^ITP!~e*  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Hq'mv_}qG  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 lA}(63j+b  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 5P~{*of  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. e1a8>>b cI  
例题: *'D( j#&  
(1) *aF #on{  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group.  5,  
  A  B         C              D 'J(rIH3U  
答案: D ?v8.3EE1\o  
应改为: form the largest l1* qDzb  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Ax &Z=  
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考点三 范围词 JL0>-kg  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 !DgN@P.o  
例题: +>BLox6  
(1) qRk&bF/  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to )`;Q]?D   
            A            B        B->3/dp2c'  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. QN`K|,}H^  
         C    D '%U'%')  
答案:C epw*P x  
应改为:longest. ^5j+O.zgN  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 XL9smFq  
考点四 most的其他用法 3$x[{\ {  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: D c5tRO  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: r@e/<bz9  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; @~t^zI1  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists e5\/:HpI  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: KtTlc#*KU  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ]Rah,4?9f  
例题: )Fe6>tE  
(1) +fh@m h0[  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. SZVNu*G!H  
   A        B   C     D u@ MUcW  
答案:A !e>+ O^  
应改为:Most ylFoYROO  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Ag[Zs%X  
(2) is?#wrV=K  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 2bu,_<K.  
   A       B              C B{}<DP.  
 of other cereal plants. Ax"]+pb  
  D Ez()W,6]g  
答案:A f\p#3IwwH  
应改为:most. IKaa=r~  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 ,\fp .K<  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 mVaWbR@HS  
V{A_\  
the end. gc<w nm|  
第三章 副词 'dXGd.V7u  
v 3p'*81;  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 L0lqm0h  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 k-V3l  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ]R k4"i  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 \\R$C  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 "26=@Q^Y  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) * \$m1g7b  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) " ""k}M2A  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) W1;QPdz:  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 R:+cumHr  
例题: rv?4S`Z,x$  
(1) urbSprdF  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the >%\&tS'  
             A        B    C @sdH B ./  
 1870's or thereabouts. u7/]Go44  
      D #c%F pR4  
答案:C "@^^niSFl  
应改为:commercially H`bS::JI-  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 8wEUly  
(2) g\2/Ia+/@  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. `s8o2"12  
(A) facially ;F;Vm$  
(B) their faces :Tcvj5  
(C) having facial <kCOg8<y :  
(D) they had faces Y|!m  
答案:A 8l l}"  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 C=Tq/L w  
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第二节 程度副词much等 a@S{ A5j  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ?,`g h}>  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. 8ZF!}kb0F  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 ~p`[z~|  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 5gSe=|we*p  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 7 <ZGNxZ~  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; O2:1aG  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) nR=!S 5>S  
例题: Z<iK(?@O  
(1) ^;sE)L6  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. xpJ=yxO  
   A    B   C    D H]}mg='kI  
答案:C =h70!) Z5  
应改为:much faster R"y xpw  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ceuEsQ}   
(2) q`3HHq  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 1QPz|3f@\  
        A                 B ^-Rqlr,F;  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. }9 ]7 V<  
          C     D 5@J]#bp0M  
答案:B fR b  
应改为:more. !sp`oM  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant nsM. `s@V  
(3) 0 ;].q*|#  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals !+z&] S3s  
         A          B      C g~2=he\C  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. nIZsKbnw  
            D $DaQM'-   
考点:程度副词 =te4p@  
答案:D r0@s3/  
应改为:still more 86eaX+F  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, G?,"AA;  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 wv`ar>qVL  
(4) oWx^_wQ-=  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a A9KPU:  
        A      B          C      D gi>W&6  
swan's. 3Z N\F  
考点:程度副词 v0TbQ  
答案:A x+TdTe;p  
应改为:little W56VA>ia  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little !xBJJ/K+|  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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