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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 9tk" :ld  
LeHiT>aX!  
考点一 最高级的形式 2]2H++  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 6^E`Sa! s  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Uo6(|mm  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive :<GfETIs  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. WeC(w+}p  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. xo  G b  
例题: :wipE]~4t  
(1) =nU/ [T.  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular I4D<WoU;dJ  
    A                          B =& -[TPW  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. zZ=$O-&%  
 C          D =yqHC<8:  
答案:A .Xd0 Q=1h  
应改为:easiest. IgM v =^U  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 -$YJfQE6G  
二、没有等级的形容词 |0 !I5|<k  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 |RhM| i  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: \[#t<dD  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 fbC~WV#  
例题: .Yx_:h=u  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 6)[< )?A.[  
(A) most unique ;h~er6&   
(B) unique (C S 8(C4[  
(C) least unique q`Q}yE> 9  
(D)very unique Fr5 Xp  
答案: B YaL]>.;Z:"  
B?6QMC;  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 s@!$='|  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: U7H 9/<&o  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant !wh&>3~  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: JNo8>aFOb  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Gvx[ 8I  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 N :W9},  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. DDw''  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. pbn\9C/  
例题: '* !L!VJ  
(1) LM.`cb;?G  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. h-mTj3p-K  
  A  B         C              D (lWq[0^N  
答案: D `\b+[Nes  
应改为: form the largest J(iV0LAZb  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the &; >4N"]  
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考点三 范围词 +jV_Wz  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 edpW8eND  
例题: ^: cRp9l"7  
(1) 2 ZG@!Y|  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to &u8z5pls8  
            A            B        flnVYQe  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ][:rLs  
         C    D `ROG~0lN(  
答案:C tZ8e`r*  
应改为:longest. !OE*z $\  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 CqoG.1jJS  
考点四 most的其他用法 LmL Gki$w  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: hbfq]v*X  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: tT5pggml  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; x';u CKWV  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists IeTdN_8  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: OO-k|\{ |  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ]U_ec*a  
例题: OW5t[~y]  
(1) oF|N O^H  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. $a#H,Xv#  
   A        B   C     D \b8\Ug~t  
答案:A ht6244:  
应改为:Most p 2 !FcFi  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. HW6.O|3  
(2) HW[L [&/  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 5Ec/(-F  
   A       B              C ls |LCQPx  
 of other cereal plants. :b /J\  
  D ;JTt2qQKo  
答案:A wL{qD  
应改为:most. ;L"!I3dM)  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 #&Is GyU  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 p*qPcuAA  
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the end. ^k/i-%k0  
第三章 副词 kfrY1  
W>-B [5O&[  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 "@ E3MTW  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ?S[Y:<R{:  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ZxHJ<2oD  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 *75YGD  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 c$H+g,7xQ-  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) :E_a 0!'  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 2}WDw>V  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 3YL l;TP_  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 PlxIf  L  
例题: 2xxB\J  
(1) 4g` jd  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ~^U S/"  
             A        B    C 2YBIW R8z  
 1870's or thereabouts. tY/vL^mi  
      D pV\YG B+  
答案:C d F@)M  
应改为:commercially WNX5iwm  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 p3x?[ Ww  
(2) b{Zpux+  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 2KJ1V+g@a6  
(A) facially blt'={Z?.x  
(B) their faces z~oDWANP  
(C) having facial >)nS2b OE  
(D) they had faces -*ELLY[  
答案:A zc+@lJy  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 XEH}4;C'{  
_ -..~K.|  
第二节 程度副词much等 MXp3g@Cz  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. sfD5!Z9#1  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. <^R{U&Z@  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 )0 Z!n  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Wr~yK? : ]  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, c-1q2y  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; |L3X_Me  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #KpY6M-H  
例题: ^_5| BT@  
(1) s95F#>dr  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. G-um` /<%  
   A    B   C    D z }4L=KR\v  
答案:C m\u26`M  
应改为:much faster qv2!grp]*W  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much PO-"M)M  
(2) Zk-~a r  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm !ku X,*}q  
        A                 B cD}S f>  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. w`HI]{hE~N  
          C     D fL*T3[d  
答案:B <O~WB  
应改为:more. *s4\\Wb=  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant >7Jr^o#|_x  
(3) 9i$NhfOe  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals @I3eK^#|P  
         A          B      C |pZUlQbb  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 4\otq%Y  
            D <X7\z  
考点:程度副词 d=*x #In  
答案:D ;T+pu>)  
应改为:still more =^DLywAh}u  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, =<z.mzqu5  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "hz\Z0zg2  
(4) m#e 3%150{  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a _~'+Qe_o$5  
        A      B          C      D zy'D!db`Z  
swan's. ksR1k vTm  
考点:程度副词 CO+/.^s7}S  
答案:A Ucw yxX I  
应改为:little `Y BkF  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little [/ M^[p  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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