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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 L[A?W  
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考点一 最高级的形式 IF-y/]  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: -(>Ch>O  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; d0C _:_  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive Jp%5qBS^  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 6/?onEL9_  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. rGXUV`5Na  
例题: .G vk5Wn  
(1) U djYRfk  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular U*E)y7MY  
    A                          B p\F%Nj,  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. PB7-`uz  
 C          D V=% ;5/  
答案:A FpU8$o~r{  
应改为:easiest. X{Hh^H  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ;gSRpTS:  
二、没有等级的形容词 l'aCpzf  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ; :q  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: a'/i/@h  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 hjM?D`5x  
例题: xE]y*\  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. i%i />;DF  
(A) most unique 0Ci/-3HV!  
(B) unique  X(X[v]  
(C) least unique rF"p7  
(D)very unique Iv*\8?07)  
答案: B X!/Sk1  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 {, +c  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如:  ~IjID  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 5Gy#$'kdf  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: RR ^7/-  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 3Cc#{X-+  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词  0.0-rd>  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. )%MC*Z :^  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. / + %  
例题: M3O !jN~  
(1) $*iovam>^]  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ?_^{9q%9  
  A  B         C              D /OzoeI t  
答案: D 9 %4:eTcp  
应改为: form the largest Cd"{7<OyM4  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the qJrKt=CE  
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考点三 范围词 -Z$u[L [c  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 _3yG<'f[ Y  
例题: ` w\P- q  
(1) ">z3i`#C'  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to )j>U4a  
            A            B        yvoz 3_!  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 3S7"P$q  
         C    D @e GBF Ns  
答案:C  3}8o 9  
应改为:longest. .Lna\Bv  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 }}Q R'  
考点四 most的其他用法 zZ8*a\  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 9D Np  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: }QE*-GVv]  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; c Pf_B=  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists A,cXN1V  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: 0>N6.itOz  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal }r5yAE  
例题: KddCR&  
(1) nOL"6%q  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. BA]$Fi.Mw  
   A        B   C     D =x\`yxsG  
答案:A |2u=3#Jp  
应改为:Most @I`^\oJ  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. {4G/ HW28  
(2) Ptv'.<-  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds + '_t)k^  
   A       B              C 4?'vP'  
 of other cereal plants. M}V!;o<t^  
  D WQ.0}n}d  
答案:A "+ou!YK+  
应改为:most. LZRg%3.E  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 \:WWrY8&  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 c>B1cR  
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the end. ){5Nod{}a  
第三章 副词 bx8](cT_  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 l}))vf=i  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 _{Kmj,q  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 E^axLp>(I  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 $ v| W2k  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 a[-!X7,IU  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ;.A}c)b  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 4I$Y(E}  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) o$rjGa l  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 \H fAKBT  
例题: c{1;x)L  
(1) [0 F~e  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the HEF e?  
             A        B    C fE-R(9K  
 1870's or thereabouts. 1@F-t94I  
      D k{}> *pCU  
答案:C f!9i6  
应改为:commercially h.jJAVPi  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 |kYlh5/c d  
(2) R6+)&:Ab{R  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. qO#3{kW  
(A) facially EuK}L[Kl  
(B) their faces /eF@a!  
(C) having facial ;M:AcQZ|_  
(D) they had faces (Rw<1q`,  
答案:A uoS:-v}/Y~  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 IiU> VLa  
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第二节 程度副词much等 X3.zNHN5  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. A3jxjQ  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. &."$kfA+  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 \T7Mt|f:5  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Y6` xb`  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, _olQ;{ U:  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; l5[5Y6c>  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) E9:@H;Gc  
例题: 3:)z+#Uk6  
(1) qE[S>/R"  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. cU1o$NRx  
   A    B   C    D (Ou%0 KW  
答案:C $ %bSRvA  
应改为:much faster 5 \mRH  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ]G/m,Zv*:  
(2) zF1!a  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm [9m3@Yd'  
        A                 B O0  'iq^g  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Pfd1[~,  
          C     D VY?9|};f  
答案:B mQ"~x]  
应改为:more. -+R,="nRQ  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 70'OS:J=\  
(3) !~ox;I }S  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals [Vd$FDki  
         A          B      C iT]t`7R  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. }vndt*F   
            D d0El2Ct8  
考点:程度副词 kDmm  
答案:D n]%- 2`}(  
应改为:still more N /4E ~^2  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, f ULt4  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 RSX27fb4  
(4) ~?Zib 1f)  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a *2AD#yIKC  
        A      B          C      D 2]!@)fio`  
swan's. ,9&cIUH  
考点:程度副词 }7 N6n Zj`  
答案:A "Q?+T:D8|  
应改为:little i%2u>N i^  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little fG0?" x@>  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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