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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 ,:% h`P_  
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考点一 最高级的形式 emIF{oP  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: g=jB'h?  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; "r HPcp"m  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive zQoJ8i>  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. ';LsEI[  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ?MOjtAG0_~  
例题: dQ Lo,S8(  
(1) Kh{_BdN  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular &/?OP)N,}  
    A                          B 2XyC;RWJ%  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. c=aVYQ"2  
 C          D >nO[5   
答案:A lL&p?MUp  
应改为:easiest. 83F]d+n  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Rm Q>.?  
二、没有等级的形容词 7-mo\jw<  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 H[N~)3x  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: vj"['6Xa  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 n<Ki.;-ZE  
例题: at(gem  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 5uU{!JuSa  
(A) most unique !L)yI#i4C  
(B) unique 7e /Kh)5G  
(C) least unique - XB[2h  
(D)very unique Lbu,VX  
答案: B d.k'\1o  
t![972.&  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 BR tT 7  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7eG@)5Uy  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant \b?O+;5Cj  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 5D>cbzP@  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 4g?qKoc i  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 Mm%b8#Fe!  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ^ ?T,>ZI  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. `!.c_%m2  
例题: x)T07,3:  
(1) 6+Y@dJnPT  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. H}lbF0`  
  A  B         C              D ~AR0 ,lak  
答案: D dfs1BV'  
应改为: form the largest 2Oy-jM  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the  rm,h\  
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考点三 范围词 sJ|IW0Mr  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 rH[Eh8j,  
例题: QM'>)!8  
(1) 6/Z 8/PL  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to bfA9aT  
            A            B        [q!)Y:|u_>  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. _x?S0R1  
         C    D [?#-JIZ3T  
答案:C ;\t(c  
应改为:longest. @m"P_1`*  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 ="]y^&(L(  
考点四 most的其他用法 *. ; }v@  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: I^S{V^Ty  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: |*zvaI(}  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; kk3G~o +  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists P87qUC  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: ,T7(!)dR  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal mKBPIQ+ZS  
例题: kam \dn04  
(1) {NV=k%MTmi  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. R~(_m#6`:  
   A        B   C     D Cg&cz]*q|  
答案:A ca8.8uHY\  
应改为:Most !:Clzlg   
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. kM/;R)3t4/  
(2) MM4Eq>F/  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds z c, Q  
   A       B              C GFtE0IQ  
 of other cereal plants. -m>ng E~q  
  D kc70HrG  
答案:A B A|*V[HBE  
应改为:most. uSK<{UT~3  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 4 g^oy^~  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 `=cOTn52  
Se %"C&  
the end. N b@zn0A(;  
第三章 副词 T)PH 8 "  
4E DwZR>./  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 DG"Z:^`*  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 VCUEzR0  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 VVyms7 VN  
ZJ|'$=lR  
第一节 副词修饰动词 7cJh^M   
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 E<XrXxS1O  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) l TRQ/B  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) csay\Q{  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) A[O'e  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 .IJgkP)!]  
例题: Fz4g:8qdA  
(1) ![*7HE>},  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the O}I RM|r"  
             A        B    C 5b^`M  
 1870's or thereabouts. d=_Wgz,d  
      D L4L[@tMPmY  
答案:C Tp?l;DU  
应改为:commercially `vPc&.-K  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 0'9z XJ"  
(2) g$jZpU  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. c _v;"QZ  
(A) facially b:w {7  
(B) their faces y`OL^D4  
(C) having facial .s !qf!{V`  
(D) they had faces Tn7(A^h'  
答案:A =,-&h V  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 V=v7<I= ]  
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第二节 程度副词much等 \Y{^Q7!>:8  
dk^Uf84.Gr  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. @l:o0(!W  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. _8U 5mW  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 =V@5W[bV  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 7jZ=+2  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, s]"NqwIPK  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; wewYlm5@  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) n8.W$&-ia  
例题: x dT1jI  
(1) uq>\pO&P  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. %`cP|k  
   A    B   C    D  / >Z`?  
答案:C NRM=0-16u$  
应改为:much faster \!erP!$x .  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much D[7+xAwS  
(2) (W~')A"hC'  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm NEpomE(>x  
        A                 B 6i6m*=h  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. +ti_?gfx  
          C     D H+oQ L(i|_  
答案:B 1gA9h-'w  
应改为:more. :/c40:[  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ]Cfjs33H  
(3) a,GOS:?O5  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals [IF5Iv\b  
         A          B      C g69^D  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Y;X_E7U  
            D JH4hy 9i  
考点:程度副词 K/Q%tr1W0  
答案:D 3y[6n$U&  
应改为:still more ,G q?  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, \F$Vm'f_  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 v0D~zV"<y  
(4) 4jOq.j  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 1Mftq4nq  
        A      B          C      D U?bQBHIC  
swan's. Lp|7s8?  
考点:程度副词 Hwz.5hV"  
答案:A V<:)bG4;d  
应改为:little f: j9z e  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little :7WeR0*%  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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