第三节 最高级 9tk" :ld
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考点一 最高级的形式 2]2H++
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 6^E`Sa!s
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Uo6(|mm
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive :<GfET Is
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. WeC(w+}p
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. xo G
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例题: :wipE]~4t
(1) =nU/ [T.
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular I4D<WoU;dJ
A B =& -[TPW
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. zZ=$O-&%
C D =yqHC<8:
答案:A .Xd0
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应改为:easiest. IgM
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 -$YJfQE6G
二、没有等级的形容词 |0
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有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 |RhM| i
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: \[#t<dD
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 fbC~WV#
例题: .Yx_:h=u
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 6)[<)?A.[
(A) most unique ;h~er6&
(B) unique (C S
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(C) least unique q`Q}yE>9
(D)very unique Fr5 Xp
答案: B YaL]>.;Z:"
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 s@!$='|
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: U7H
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the most important thing, the biggest elephant !wh&>3~
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: JNo8>aFOb
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Gvx[8I
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 N
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如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. DDw''
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. pbn\9C/
例题: '*
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(1) LM.`cb;?G
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. h-mTj3p-K
A B C D (lWq[0^N
答案: D `\b+[Nes
应改为: form the largest J(iV0LAZb
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the &;>4N"]
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考点三 范围词 +jV_Wz
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 edpW8eND
例题: ^:
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(1) 2 ZG@!Y|
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to &u8z5pls8
A B flnVYQe
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ][:rLs
C D `ROG~0lN(
答案:C tZ8e`r*
应改为:longest. ! OE*z $\
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 CqoG.1jJS
考点四 most的其他用法 LmLGki$w
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: hbfq]v*X
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: tT5pggml
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; x';uCKWV
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists IeTdN_8
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: OO-k|\{|
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ]U_ec*a
例题: OW5t[~y]
(1) oF|N O^H
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. $a#H,Xv#
A B C D \b8\Ug~t
答案:A ht6244:
应改为:Most p2 ! FcFi
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. HW 6.O|3
(2) HW[L[&/
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 5Ec/(-F
A B C ls
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of other cereal plants. :b/J\
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答案:A wL{qD
应改为:most. ;L"!I3dM)
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 #&Is GyU
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 p*qPcuAA
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the end. ^k/i-%k0
第三章 副词 kfrY1
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 "@ E3MTW
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ?S[Y:<R{:
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ZxHJ<2oD
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第一节 副词修饰动词 *75YGD
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 c$H+g,7xQ-
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) :E_a0!'
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 2}WDw>V
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 3YL
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改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 PlxIfL
例题: 2xxB\J
(1) 4g` jd
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ~^U
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A B C 2YBIW
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1870's or thereabouts. tY/vL^mi
D pV\YG B+
答案:C d
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应改为:commercially WNX5iwm
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 p3x?[Ww
(2) b{Zpux+
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 2KJ1V+g@a6
(A) facially blt'={Z?.x
(B) their faces z~oDWANP
(C) having facial >)nS2bOE
(D) they had faces -*ELLY[
答案:A zc+@lJy
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 XEH}4;C'{
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第二节 程度副词much等 MXp3g@Cz
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. sfD5!Z9#1
She's not a bit more rational than you were. <^R{U&Z@
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 )0 Z! n
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Wr~yK? : ]
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, c-1q2y
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; |L3X_Me
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #KpY6M-H
例题: ^_5|
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(1) s95F#>dr
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. G-um`
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A B C D z
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答案:C m\u26`M
应改为:much faster qv2!grp]*W
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much PO-"M)M
(2) Zk-~a
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm !kuX,*}q
A B cD}S
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. w`HI]{hE~N
C D fL*T3[d
答案:B <O~WB
应改为:more. *s4\\Wb=
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant >7Jr^o#|_x
(3) 9i$NhfOe
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals @I3eK^#|P
A B C |pZUlQbb
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 4\otq%Y
D <X7\z
考点:程度副词 d=* x
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答案:D ;T +pu>)
应改为:still more =^DLywAh}u
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, =<z.mzqu5
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 "hz\Z0zg2
(4) m#e
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A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a _~'+Qe_o$5
A B C D zy'D!db`Z
swan's. ksR1kvTm
考点:程度副词 CO+/.^s7}S
答案:A Ucw yxXI
应改为:little `Y
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解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little [/M^[p
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅