第三节 最高级 L[A?W
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考点一 最高级的形式 IF-y/]
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: -(>Ch>O
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; d0C _:_
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive Jp%5qBS^
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 6/?onEL9_
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. rGXUV`5Na
例题: .G
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(1) U djYRfk
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular U*E)y7MY
A B p\F%Nj,
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. PB7-`uz
C D V=% ;5/
答案:A FpU8$o~r{
应改为:easiest. X{Hh^H
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ;gSRpTS:
二、没有等级的形容词 l'aCpzf
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ; :q
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: a'/i/@h
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 hjM?D`5x
例题: xE]y*\
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. i%i/>;DF
(A) most unique 0Ci/-3HV!
(B) unique X(X[v]
(C) least unique rF"p7
(D)very unique Iv*\8?07)
答案: B X!/Sk1
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 {,+c
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如:
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the most important thing, the biggest elephant 5Gy#$'kdf
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: RR
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my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 3Cc#{X-+
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 0.0-rd>
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. )%MC*Z:^
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. / +%
例题: M3O !jN~
(1) $*iovam>^]
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ?_^{9q%9
A B C D /OzoeIt
答案: D 9 %4:eTcp
应改为: form the largest Cd"{7<OyM4
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the qJrKt=CE
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考点三 范围词 -Z$u[L [c
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 _3yG<'f[
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例题: `
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(1) ">z3i`#C'
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to )j>U4a
A B yvoz 3_!
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 3S7"P$q
C D @e
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答案:C 3}8o 9
应改为:longest. .Lna\Bv
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 }}Q
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考点四 most的其他用法 zZ8 *a\
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 9D
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1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: }QE*-GVv]
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; c
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most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists A,c XN1V
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: 0>N6.itOz
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal }r5yAE
例题: KddCR&
(1) nOL"6%q
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. BA]$Fi.Mw
A B C D =x\`yxsG
答案:A |2u=3#Jp
应改为:Most @I`^\oJ
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. {4G/
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(2) Ptv'.<-
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds + '_t)k^
A B C 4?'vP '
of other cereal plants. M}V!;o<t^
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答案:A "+ou!YK+
应改为:most. LZRg%3.E
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 \:WWrY8&
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 c>B1cR
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the end. ){5Nod{}a
第三章 副词 bx8](cT_
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 l}))vf=i
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 _{K mj,q
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 E^axLp>(I
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第一节 副词修饰动词 $
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 a[-!X7,IU
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ;.A}c)b
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 4I$Y(E}
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) o$rjGa l
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 \HfAKBT
例题: c{1;x)L
(1) [0 F~e
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the HEF
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A B C fE-R(9K
1870's or thereabouts. 1@F-t94I
D k{}> *pCU
答案:C f!9i6
应改为:commercially h.jJAVPi
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 |kYlh5/c d
(2) R6+)&:Ab{R
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. qO#3{kW
(A) facially EuK}L[Kl
(B) their faces /eF@a!
(C) having facial ;M:AcQZ|_
(D) they had faces (Rw<1q`,
答案:A uoS:-v}/Y~
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 IiU> VLa
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第二节 程度副词much等 X3.zNHN5
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. A3jxjQ
She's not a bit more rational than you were. &."$kfA+
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 \T7Mt|f:5
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Y6` xb`
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, _olQ;{ U:
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; l5[5Y6c>
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) E9:@H;Gc
例题: 3:)z+#Uk6
(1) qE[S>/R"
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. cU1o$NRx
A B C D (Ou%0
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答案:C $
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应改为:much faster 5\ mRH
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ]G/m,Zv*:
(2) zF1!a
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm [9m3@Yd'
A B O0 'iq^g
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Pfd1[~,
C D VY?9|};f
答案:B mQ"~x]
应改为:more. -+R,="nRQ
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 70'OS:J=\
(3) !~ox;I
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals [Vd$FDki
A B C iT]t`7R
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. }vndt*F
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考点:程度副词 kDmm
答案:D n]%-2`}(
应改为:still more N /4E
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解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, f ULt4
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 RSX27fb4
(4) ~?Zib
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A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a *2AD#yIKC
A B C D 2]!@)fio`
swan's. ,9&cIUH
考点:程度副词 }7 N6nZj`
答案:A "Q?+T:D8|
应改为:little i%2u>Ni^
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little fG0 ?"
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词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅