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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 dsx]/49<  
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考点一 最高级的形式 3bZIYF2@  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: iJ' xh n  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; PQKaqv}N  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ;Vik5)D2D  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 2QpHvsl_  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Rm1A>1a :  
例题: p[lNy{u~M  
(1) <GHYt#GIZ+  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular cKb)VG^  
    A                          B U7uKRv9  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 2&c9q5.b  
 C          D :c9U>1`g&  
答案:A KDl_?9E5  
应改为:easiest. I):!`R.,  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 >>aq,pH  
二、没有等级的形容词 ;z M*bWh9  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ]?x: Qm'yo  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: jdE5~a+  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 bY }eUL2i4  
例题: )ZrS{vY  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. OO?]qZa1  
(A) most unique Y]]} *8  
(B) unique qd8n2f  
(C) least unique O+ }qQNe<  
(D)very unique V[-jD8=' 3  
答案: B lWBb4 !l  
upj]6f"(  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 &>e-(4Xu  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7j nIv];i  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 5~mh'<:  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: Dfq(Iv  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #2r}?hP/m  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 p-1 3H0Kt  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 8,0YD#x  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. CR6R?R3b  
例题: hXqD< ?  
(1) Q{B}ef  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. /-bO!RTwf  
  A  B         C              D _`64gS}^  
答案: D y*D]Q`5cag  
应改为: form the largest 2tal  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the *N{emwIq  
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考点三 范围词 UI>Y0O  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 KiJT!moB  
例题: e["2QIOe  
(1) i;!H!-sM  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to me OMq1  
            A            B        61xs%kxb..  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. #!)n {h+  
         C    D u%.$BD Hg  
答案:C ezPz<iZ\N  
应改为:longest. ;]_o4e6\p  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 d> {nQF;c  
考点四 most的其他用法 wC5ee:u C%  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: V{<xf f  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: `X3^fg  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; .l@xsJn  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 8=]Tr3   
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: Y+Fljr*  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 8>7& E-  
例题: #lkM=lY'  
(1)  4._( |  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. g&`pgmUX  
   A        B   C     D =9 j8cC5y  
答案:A Fy.\7CL>  
应改为:Most gCxAG  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Ox@ sI:CT  
(2) -=(!g&0  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds hXA6D)   
   A       B              C 2 aL)  
 of other cereal plants. uV=Qp1~  
  D FXs*vg`  
答案:A -N"&/)  
应改为:most. # 0Lf<NZ  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Op_RzZ P`  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 pZeE61c/  
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the end. +-G<c6 |  
第三章 副词 ldp%{"ZZ  
PK"c4>q  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 3JVK  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 NM06QzE  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 B` k\EL'  
l~ M_S<4n  
第一节 副词修饰动词 q#8 [  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 {\(L%\sV@  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) 3.qTLga|}  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) }6@pJ G  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) zA1lca0HK  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 M6}3wM*4  
例题: sxt-Vs7+6  
(1) QPfc(Z  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ph-ATJ"  
             A        B    C %b "\bHH  
 1870's or thereabouts. iURk= *Z=  
      D R>(@Z M&  
答案:C YxP@!U9dE,  
应改为:commercially Bn (W"=1  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 r}jGUe} d  
(2) !H}vu]R  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. >`%'4<I  
(A) facially 2!$gyu6bpG  
(B) their faces b%S62(qP  
(C) having facial lj?v4$  
(D) they had faces Q J7L7S  
答案:A $. [#0lCI  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 H(&4[%;MP  
6MxKl D7kl  
第二节 程度副词much等 LK@lpkX  
# Z<a  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. !1G."fo  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. W<E4 7  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 91xB9k1zO  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ?2g`8[">  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, Y]3>7q%  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 37RLE1Yf  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) vVgg0Y2  
例题: Bdu&V*0g  
(1) 6}KZp~s  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. fa<v0vb+  
   A    B   C    D +a*^{l}AST  
答案:C nM0[P6p  
应改为:much faster +|ycvHd  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much +tD[9b! m  
(2) H/"lAXfb  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm (k|_J42[  
        A                 B p}<w#p |  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. EKz Ad  
          C     D shMSN]S_x  
答案:B A|@_}h"WG  
应改为:more. ]7rj/l$ u  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c-Pw]Ju  
(3) "hy.GWF|*  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Zx d~c]n  
         A          B      C >B>CB3U  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. p^ pOuy8  
            D 8dlw-Q'S  
考点:程度副词 |qoKO:B4-[  
答案:D Rd>B0;4  
应改为:still more JXj8Br?Z@  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, Tc+gdo>G  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 ~%2pp~1 K  
(4) ]K*8O <  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a U`]T~9I  
        A      B          C      D 0j_bh,zG#  
swan's. EutP\K_Y  
考点:程度副词 U bYEEY#  
答案:A 5~yNqC  
应改为:little 7jJbo]&  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little +L=*:e\j  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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