一、概说 8H`l"
连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。 %/4_|@<'
二、并列连词的用法 0!'M#'m
1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如: ,l?76g
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。 -K'84 bZ
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们。 ZE(RvPW
2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如: |b;M5w?
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 Rw=E_q{
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。 @k #y-/~?
注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用。 gGdYh.K&e5
3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as 等。如: yhn
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He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去,她也没去。 lRK?%~
The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热。 &+{xR79+&
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 ^t%M
It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。 m)RxV@
People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。 vHe.+XY
三、从属连词的用法 $I0a2Z=dP
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 l
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(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如: zw9ULQ$#
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 <4HuV.K
Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 ] "vdC}
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 A"ph!* i{
(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如: 4GejT(U
Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 Sh6 NgO
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。 ?gP/XjToMg
(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如: 54_m
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She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 Y k6WSurw
Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下,等我找人来帮忙。 g8@HAV^H
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。 =,Um;hU3r
(4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如: ,qh
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。 $4)guG)
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。 iv`-)UsE
I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。 b|'LtL$Y
Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。 g+{MvSj$
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: GDe$p;#"9g
I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时,我就把这个情况告诉他。 &1n0(qB
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。 ~%q e,
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。 7cQw?C
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
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2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如: ~z"->.u
Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? Fd0FG A&L
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。 z$,hdZ]
As long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高兴,你做什么都没关系。 "q8'tN><