2008中科院英语翻译全文 C{>@b:]p
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher (+7gS_c
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has wHm{
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violated the ethical standards of the research 'teToE<i
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but !GI*R2<W
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable *O-1zIl p
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, qS<a5 `EA
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own N: 'v^0
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, (dD+?ZOO
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists *A C){M
and their institutions, result in the imposition of =ic"K6mhq
counterproductive regulations, and shake public 0,+RF "R
confidence in the integrity of science. USf
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is JU+Uzp
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is 2RXU 75VY
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person E!<w t
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past %! % G\nv
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of O8:$sei$
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be o C0K!{R*
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can 's]I:06A
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the ; (I(TG
charge, the institutions involved, and science in lc1?Vd$
general. P 2_UQ
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research SXX6EIJr|
ethics usually has more options than are immediately Ny|2Fcs
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to #T<<{ RA
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 4AdZN5
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, CVfQ
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of yZ?|u 57
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a 5bU[uT,`6
complaint. <=WSX{_D
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a 3LXS}~&
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 4+&4
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal 5J!ncLNm{
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint I*c B
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in writing can have serious consequences for the career
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of a scientist and should be undertaken only after \uxDMKy
thorough consideration. Br w-"tmx
The National Science Foundation and Public Health Y rq-(
Service require all research institutions that receive U$CAA5HV]
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with AITV+=sN
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take Q1tZ]Q.6
into account fairness for the accused, protection for ul0]\(sS:
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and OO)m{5r,{
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ,_HSvs7-
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In addition, many universities and other research 3Z?"M
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics Y
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss pfd||Z
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions jP*5(*[&y
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever #i$/qk= N
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry }bj
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with E]z Td$v6
whom they feel comfortable. {Rc!S? 8
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 tqI] S
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2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 5AmY rXZ
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 r!/=Iy@
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 _Wcr'*7
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
