2008中科院英语翻译全文 9#@s(s
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher :;yrYAyT3
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has kx?Yin8K
violated the ethical standards of the research Ec}%! p_$
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but J sz=5`
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable 'JJKnE zQ
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, g.@[mf0r
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own RuIBOo\XL7
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, *2->>"kh
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists *oz#YGN m
and their institutions, result in the imposition of k[ z yR
counterproductive regulations, and shake public
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confidence in the integrity of science. B JWlx*U]
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is ~Jr'4%
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is anbw\yh8
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person <I34@;R c
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of OxGfLeP.R!
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be 2SC-c `9)
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can U|tacO5w`
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the f0sLe 3
charge, the institutions involved, and science in ^C ~Ryw7
general. qzbW0AM[M
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research g^+p7G
ethics usually has more options than are immediately (KyOo,a
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to tt?`,G.(]
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. #0b:5.vy
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, <hCO-r#
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of f ;BY%$
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a `i
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complaint. 4z( B`t~7
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a Ut\:jV=f
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are s=(q#Z
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal ; >H1 A
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint NT 5=% X]
in writing can have serious consequences for the career 02t({>`
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after .cJoNl'q
thorough consideration. /}~=)QHH
The National Science Foundation and Public Health M{G}-QK_ .
Service require all research institutions that receive JH]S'5X8K
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with Any y
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take fu b04x)
into account fairness for the accused, protection for |8C xMs
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and LEPLoF3,
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. zw15r" R
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In addition, many universities and other research cdL ]s^z
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics yZNG>1 N
officer, or other official who is available to discuss ^PNDxtd|v
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions 2YZ>nqy
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever RR[zvH} E
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry ]m1p<*0I$
points, so that complainants can go to a person with J1I,;WGf
whom they feel comfortable. kVWcf-f
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 q,)V0Ffe[|
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 rz_W]/G-P
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 [k%hl`}
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ni{' V4A
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
