2008中科院英语翻译全文 `0N/
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher %+}\i'j7
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has lom4z\ 6
violated the ethical standards of the research up6LO7drW/
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but cvt2P}ma#
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable 1'U-n{fD
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, $[ e*0!e
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own S7R^%Wck/6
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, WJWhx4Hk
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists xi0&"?7la
and their institutions, result in the imposition of zi'?FM[f)
counterproductive regulations, and shake public h#>67gJV
confidence in the integrity of science. ~QXNOtVsN
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is I| h G"i
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is $!t! =
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person q 4 E{?
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past #cA}B
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of <K~#@.^`
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ^H>vJT
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can b^ZrevM
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the f;*\y!|lg~
charge, the institutions involved, and science in +VfJ: [q
general. }
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Someone who is confronting a problem involving research 6YN4]
ethics usually has more options than are immediately cB
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apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to r\yj$Gu>(
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. h`)r :a7
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, W Z ZD
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of eL],\\q
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a yRAb
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complaint. E: %%Dm
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a e3[N#r yt
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are StE4n0V
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal om(#P5cSM;
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint dJ$}]
in writing can have serious consequences for the career Tf+B<B:
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after sI`Lsd'V
thorough consideration. OyVp 3O
The National Science Foundation and Public Health Qf"gH <vT
Service require all research institutions that receive upWq=_
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with %_
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allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take WL>"hkx
into account fairness for the accused, protection for >2_J(vm>
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and e+S%` Sg
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. #T+%$q [:
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In addition, many universities and other research norWNm(n
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss #Ez>]`]TB
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions z"R-Sme
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever a(bgPkPP
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry :H6Ipa
points, so that complainants can go to a person with #lNi\ Lw+j
whom they feel comfortable. Riw#+#r]/
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 m"NZ; *d '
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 8LB+}N(8f
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 m>~%.
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4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 10{ZW@!7
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
