2008中科院英语翻译全文 "x* 5g*k
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher :2KLziO2
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has }(r%'(.6
violated the ethical standards of the research x{X(Y]*1S
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but H -sJt:
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable y2U^7VrO
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, MxY~(TVPK
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own `KgWaf-
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, HCI|6{k
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists \p -3P)U
and their institutions, result in the imposition of to 1{7q
counterproductive regulations, and shake public ]mN'Qoc
confidence in the integrity of science. ]i-peBxw
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is d_j%
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rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is <#s=78
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possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person :K ^T@F5n
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past \G? GX
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of E*ug.nxy
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be "eq{_4dL
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can HWJ(O/N
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the FYI*4 4E
charge, the institutions involved, and science in =kz(1Pb
general. j9@7\N<
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research gAA2S5th
ethics usually has more options than are immediately T[}A7a 6g_
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to _;G. QwHr
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. j {w'#x,
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, hjVct
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and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of ^tS{a *Yn
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a }fps~R
complaint. :}\w2W E[
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a (!72Ea w:]
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are CdCo+U5 z{
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal !}Sf?n P#
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint t$NK{Mw5_
in writing can have serious consequences for the career &Kuo|=f
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after `0 .<
thorough consideration. `nAR/Ye
The National Science Foundation and Public Health b&AGVWhh
Service require all research institutions that receive
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public funds to have procedures in place to deal with fqoI(/RWP
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take : +Na 8\d
into account fairness for the accused, protection for {}r#
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the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and J!O{.v
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. dNH6%1(s]0
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In addition, many universities and other research Y?ADM (j
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics BE`{? -G
officer, or other official who is available to discuss LA!2!6 0R
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions V}?*kx~T2C
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ^|u7+b'|t
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry uY{zZ4iw
points, so that complainants can go to a person with D<V[:~
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whom they feel comfortable. EESGU(
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 r;>2L'
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 :6}Z o
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 mP!=&u fcU
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ^{<!pvT
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
