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主题 : 考博英语——VOA Special English 基础词汇手册(1)
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楼主  发表于: 2008-05-18   

考博英语——VOA Special English 基础词汇手册(1)

By Voice of America {ma;G[!  
Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 )GJP_*Ab  
©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc. \_VmY!I5\  
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _{Y$o'*#I  
Parts of Speech {mSJUK?TKl  
Prefixes _z8;lt   
Expressions ]:et~pfW  
Science Words yX! #a>d"H  
Organs of the Body UX_I6_&  
PARTS OF SPEECH ?"j@;/=  
•    n. (noun) - a name word +< KNY  
•    v. (verb) - an action word L~eAQR  
•    ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word TyOH`5 D  
•    prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation nwf7M#3d  
•    pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun  %+wF"  
•    conj. (conjunction) - a joining word kCA5|u  
注:用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 ]k*1KP  
A [6R fS  
•    a - ad. one; any; each o.^y1mH'  
•    able - v. having the power to do something #C\4/g? =,  
•    about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") >Z\BfH  
•    above - ad. at a higher place !kXeO6X@m  
•    accept - v. to agree to receive A*'V+(  
•    accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event *{5>XH{ x  
•    accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone j}RzXJ~t  
•    across - ad. from side to side; to the other side 1V%'.l9  
•    act - v. to do something |(ocD md  
•    activist - n. one who seeks change through action A}G|Yfn  
•    actor - n. someone acting in a play or show <4mQ*6  
•    add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more "l,UOv c  
•    administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister :'*DM W~  
•    admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") Coa-8j*R7  
•    adult - n. a grown person sR*Nq5F#9  
•    advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision s[ c^"@HT  
•    affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") E _iO@  
•    afraid - ad. feeling fear n`L,]dco  
•    after - ad. later; behind _!AJiP3!)4  
•    again - ad. another time; as before 0*7*RX  
•    against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something 7Dt"]o"+  
•    age - n. how old a person or thing is P*G+eqX  
•    agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") C6@t  
•    aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders LSkk;)'2K  
•    ago - ad. of time past; before now xl] ;*&  
•    agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something fk3kbdI  
•    agriculture - n. farming @@} `hii  
•    aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance [7W(NeMk  
•    aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose UR3$B%i  
•    air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe `Q%NSU?  
•    air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 3] 76fF\^[  
•    airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies 8wIK:   
•    airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land V5 MO}  
•    album - n. a collection of recorded music ]T^ i s>  
•    alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products lrys3  
•    alive - ad. having life; not dead C\Ayv)S #2  
•    all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount Lq0 4T0  
•    ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose 6?SFNDQ"C  
•    almost - ad. a little less than completely +qkMQETV6  
•    alone - ad. separated from others \ 4gXY$`@  
•    along - ad. near or on ("along the road") Y4To@TrN#\  
•    already - ad. before now; even now X8CVY0<o  
•    also - ad. added to; too A3s57.Z]|  
•    although - conj. even if it is true that 7/>a:02  
•    always - ad. at all times; every time =kFuJ x)f  
•    ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) g42T#p8^  
•    amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) _A-V@%3  
•    ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns {tt $w>X  
•    among - ad. in or part of (a group) `P.CNYR<J  
•    amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything gpAHC   
•    anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness c{>|o  
•    ancestor - n. a family member from the past 'F5)ACA%  
•    ancient - ad. very old; long ago NG9vml  
•    and - conj. also; in addition to; with pULsGb  
•    anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something jG8;]XP  
•    animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat 5Y-2 #  
•    anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past r}EM4\r  
•    announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially E@pFTvo  
•    another - ad. one more; a different one $l"MXxx5I  
•    answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question *V|zx#RN  
•    any - ad. one or more of no special kind Wz{%"o  
•    apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility 3bts7<K=  
•    appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help 0N VI +Z$  
•    appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem 76cEKHa<  
•    appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") .)`-Hkxa  
•    approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support ifrq  
•    archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities GCH[lb>IJv  
•    area - n. any place or part of it XU-*[\K  
•    argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree ':sTd^V  
•    arms - n. military equipment; weapons !4B_$6US  
•    army - n. military ground forces sR! +d:LJ4  
•    around - ad. on every side (of) T*\$<-^  
•    arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner ]xrD<  
•    arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip ;]@exp 5  
•    art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues M.[wKGX(  
•    artillery - n. big guns o^PuhVu  
•    as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while {F!v+W>  
•    ash - n. the part left after something burns qUg9$oh{LI  
•    ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") 6ZEdihBei  
•    assist - v. to help Bb_Q_<DTs  
•    astronaut - n. a person who travels in space $rTu6(i1  
•    astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe %/%gMRXG2  
•    asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country Yj3*)k  
•    at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") 2L[l'}  
•    atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet mt^`1ekoY  
•    attach - v. to tie together; to connect 6KB^w0oA  
•    attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight Um'Ro4  
•    attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort mR,O0O}&  
•    attend - v. to be present at 6=3(oUl  
•    automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car Ge1duRGa  
•    autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter ~4+8p9f  
•    average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal _<2 RYXBC  
•    avoid - v. to stay away from dFMAh&:>  
•    awake - ad. not sleeping %HVD^. V  
•    award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service ETg{yBsp  
•    away - ad. not near vlAy!:CV  
B 1~L\s}|2d  
•    baby - n. a newly born creature [x|)}P7%s  
•    back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward L,W:,i/C  
•    bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good zQt1;bo   
•    balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal v!KJ|c@m  
•    ball - n. something round UT~4Cfb  
•    balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air S!<"Swf:  
•    ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting S<9gyW   
•    ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction _^-D _y  
•    bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money Qqh^E_O  
•    bar - v. to prevent or block >-eS&rma  
•    barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult '?b\F~$8   
•    base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") }q]jjs  
•    battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces d#4Wj0x  
•    be - v. to live; to happen; to exist moe/cO5a9  
•    beat - v. to hit again and again py=i!vb&Z%  
•    beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit !;jgzi ?z  
•    because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") 8ZFH}v@V1'  
•    become - v. to come to be zv,\@Z9.($  
•    bed - n. a sleeping place n}f3Vrl  
•    before - prep. earlier /K[]B]1NE  
•    begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start y%JF8R;n  
•    behind - ad. at the back of; in back of K1<k+t/V  
•    believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust #U:0/4 P(  
•    bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") mcCB7<. e  
•    belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of T:Bzz)2/  
•    below - ad. lower than ? 1GJa]G  
•    best - ad. the most good 7WXiG0  
•    betray - v. to turn against; to be false to xS-w\vbLV  
•    better - ad. more good than X"wF Qa  
•    between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") } !Xf&c{7{  
•    big - ad. of great size; not small 4^0\dq  
•    bill - n. a legislative proposal ta@ ISRK  
•    biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms d4Ixuux<3  
•    bird - n. a creature that flies xNn>+J  
•    bite - v. to cut with the teeth GpScc'a7  
•    black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky vs* >onCf  
•    blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible w' .'Yu6  
•    blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm BEFe~* ~  
•    bleed - v. to lose blood 9+W!k^VWq  
•    blind - ad. not able to see Q=^ktKMeR  
•    block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement u<x[5xH+  
•    blood - n. red fluid in the body b!0'Qidh0  
•    blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") u}^a^B$  
•    blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky C3]\$  
•    boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods Pv^(Q ]  
•    body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal 4 `j,&=  
•    boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot N'htcC  
•    bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs 7Y oofI  
•    bone - n. the hard material in the body |~7+/VvI+  
•    book - n. a long written work for reading B?$S~5  }  
•    border - n. a dividing line between nations Q@PJ)f wN  
•    born - v. to come to life; to come into existence )e @01l  
•    borrow - v. to take as a loan +8MW$ m$  
•    both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together p7%0hLW  
•    bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid Ry3+/]  
•    bottom - ad. the lowest part of something >lUBt5gU  
•    box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood AsTMY02|  
•    boy - n. a young male person  Oz"@yL}  
•    boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with 67Af} >Q  
•    brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures 2U- #0,ll]  
•    brave - ad. having no fear )$2%&9b  
•    bread - n. a food made from grain :DS2zA  
•    break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy <Tj"GVZAEO  
•    breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again Dme(Knly  
•    bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other EuR!yD  
•    brief - ad. short; not long GC5#1+fQ  
•    bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color :F!dTD$  
•    bring - v. to come with something f;@ b a[  
•    broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program m'G?0^Ft  
•    brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person 0 .6X{kO  
•    brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee N"q+UCRC  
•    budget - n. a spending plan k1QpX@  
•    build - v. to join materials together to make something q v ;1$  
•    building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment rR),~ @]sL  
•    bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun }J'5EAp  
•    burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire mVc'%cPaw  
•    burst - v. to break open suddenly j. k s UJ  
•    bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth Cu)%s  
•    bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people {kRDegby  
•    business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade ,q'gG`M N  
•    busy - ad. doing something; very active g%fJyk'  
•    but - conj. however; other than; yet WwCK  K  
•    buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money 4z-,M7iP  
•    by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") s= GOB"G  
C (> +k3  
•    cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government KL:6P-3  
•    call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") Eezlx9b  
•    calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense )\I? EU8  
•    camera - n. a device for taking pictures buC m @@o  
•    camp - n. a place with temporary housing 0$F _hZU  
•    campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war =yhn8t7@]  
•    can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal 5 vu_D^Q  
•    cancel - v. to end; to stop -!bLMLIg  
•    cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body Z@c0(ol  
•    candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor K,L>  
•    capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is ELkOrV~a{:  
•    capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies ==e#CSJq  
•    capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of 0,L$x*Nj5  
•    car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train }G,SqpcG  
•    care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest eN2k8=  
•    careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought 3 q.[-.q  
•    carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another  z7.C\l  
•    case (court) - n. a legal action ~D`oP/6  
•    case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") VATXsD  
•    cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans =Zb"T5E  
•    catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands >gOI]*!5  
•    cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result (-Ct!aW|  
•    cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement ) R a/  
•    celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities Cf1wM:K|8  
•    center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity _G}CD|Kx  
•    century - n. one hundred years [;V1y`/K1  
•    ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition HBga'xJ  
•    chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group I}G}+0geV  
•    champion - n. the best; the winner M-qxD"VtV=  
•    chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen j2{,1hj  
•    change - v. to make different; to become different Z564K7IV  
•    charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something D'sboOY  
•    chase - v. to run or go after someone or something M;TfD  
•    cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from #u2&8-Gh  
•    cheer - v. to shout approval or praise WJh;p: q[  
•    chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry cmGj0YUQ1  
•    chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances #+ lq7HJ1  
•    chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important vL=--#  
•    child - n. a baby; a boy or girl FnQ_=b  
•    children - n. more than one child ^q N1~v=hS  
•    choose - v. to decide between two or more 2p;}wYt  
•    circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" Z"% O&O  
•    citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law sr($Bw  
•    city - n. any important large town 7pI \`*7b  
•    civilian - ad. not military 5@Lxbe( q  
•    civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation gjN!_^ _  
•    claim - v. to say something as a fact U#]eN[  
•    clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose .bBQhf.&"  
•    clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") Rd1ku=  
•    clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood z9kX`M+  
•    clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization (yTz^o$t|  
•    climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place .fh?=B[o#  
•    climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands >=W#z  
•    clock - n. a device that measures and shows time ^Er`{|o6u  
•    close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to 6p6Tse]  
•    cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances 56 kgL;$h  
•    clothes - n. what people wear n]fbV/ x  
•    cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky 0V,MDX}#_  
•    coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel %iS]+Sa.K  
•    coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together WAmoKZw2  
•    coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean "PScM9)\  
•    coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name 4Hpu EV8Q  
•    cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature 8*PAgPj a  
•    collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") v9`B.(Ru  
•    college - n. a small university Fx:en|g  
•    colony - n. land controlled by another country or government KB *#t  
•    color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others 7>@/*S{X  
•    combine - v. to mix or bring together } =m?gF%3  
•    come - v. to move toward; to arrive M-K@n$k   
•    command - v. to order; to have power over something 2xdJ(\JWM  
•    comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something 7Z~szD  
•    committee - n. a group of people given special work ts\>_/  
•    common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") .-~% w  
•    communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information _7"W\gn:9  
•    community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area )hJjVitG  
•    company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes a&aIkD  
•    compare - v. to examine what is different or similar !3 Z|!JY  
•    compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others A'-YwbY  
•    complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished )bU")  
•    complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple $<% nt  
•    compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded ]sP9!hup  
•    computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others oqHm:u ^2  
•    concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") .LcE^y[V  
•    condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad 78~V/L;@S2  
•    condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health JU1; /3(  
•    conference - n. a meeting Y'*h_K  
•    confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true '?GZ"C2  
•    conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one QGG(I7{-  
•    congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck k#NMD4(%O  
•    Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries n(O p<  
•    connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link {&qsh9ob  
•    conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change PH!B /D5G  
•    consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully ^l9 *h  
•    constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government ~0GX~{;r  
•    contain - v. to hold; to include M|=$~@9#X  
•    container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 9],"AjD  
•    continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world :Zo2@8@7  
•    continue - v. to go on doing or being 1Klu]J%  
•    control - v. to direct; to have power over T sW6w  
•    convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose eG>Fn6G<g  
•    cook - v. to heat food before eating it Cs=i9.-A  
•    cool - ad. almost cold !O_^Rn+<2  
•    cooperate - v. to act or work together R:x04!}  
•    copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another 8Kkr1}!wd  
•    corn - n. a food grain &scD)  
•    correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right iGNKf|8{  
•    cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") LgKEg90w(  
•    cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name v~QZO4[ '  
•    count - v. to speak or add numbers 1 K',Vw_  
•    country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities Mn;CG'FA  
•    court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law S^=/}PT'  
•    cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing Gfch|Q^INy  
•    cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk o!0a8i  
•    crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force K%_JQ0`  
•    create - v. to make; to give life or form to B%;+8]  
•    creature - n. any living being; any animal or human I65GUX#DV  
•    credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time WLFzLW=PD  
•    crew - n. a group of people working together e$I:[>  
•    crime - n. an act that violates a law Q-CVq_\3I  
•    criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime @},k\Is  
•    crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation T8 /'`s  
•    criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge C,.{y`s'  
•    crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables X)5O@"4 ?  
•    cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across n&&y\?n  
•    crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place Pfy;/}u^c  
•    crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely $yJfAR  
•    cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain E atDT*!  
•    culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population oWOZ0] H1  
•    cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") Os+ =}  
•    curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses 1N*~\rV*?  
•    current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") EB,>k1IJ  
•    custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people /2I("x]  
•    customs - n. taxes on imports {'[1I_3  
•    cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce ${3OQG  
VtFh1FDI\  
D ~o$=(EC  
•    dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water 1Btf)y'  
•    damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things :#;?dMkTY  
•    dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music D1 z3E;:  
•    danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss Joj8'  
•    dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")  _>l,%n  
•    date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year X)S4rW%  
•    daughter - n. a person's female child !h\3cs`QU  
•    day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight __[q`  
•    dead - ad. not living >LSA?dy!?  
•    deaf - ad. not able to hear x&wUPo{  
•    deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") 7[\B{N9&W  
•    debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument *lSIT]1  
•    debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing e2Dj%=`EU  
•    decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge ,58[WZG  
•    declare - v. to say; to make a statement A{vG@Pwc:  
•    decrease - v. to make less in size or amount gg9W7%t/  
•    deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom /k,p]/e  
•    defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost ?{'Q}%  
•    defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect $) $sApB  
•    deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports s*@.qN  
•    define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain &!=3Fbn  
•    degree - n. a measure of temperature &nYmVwi?"Q  
•    delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late FoLw S%+yO  
•    delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another 6Jm4?ex  
•    demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force V/Tp&+Z.c  
•    democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions 4ET P  
•    demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") (|-/S0AV  
•    denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely | v+b?@  
•    deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request 7iJl W&W  
•    depend - v. to need help and support c-,/ qn/  
•    deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness K;K tx>Z/  
•    deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action 9Y(<W_{/  
•    depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs "o1/gV  
•    describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something 83h6>D b  
•    desert - n. a dry area of land D 6(w}W  
•    design - v. to plan or create plans for @`3)?J[w  
•    desire - v. to want very much; to wish for QwiC2}/  
•    destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of q+z,{K  
•    detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information 5VI'hxU4Qg  
•    develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress 82$^pg>  
•    device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 4):\,>%pK  
•    dictator - n. a ruler with complete power _K8-O>I "  
•    die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end UuN(+&oD-  
•    diet - n. usual daily food and drink K3jno+U&  
•    different - ad. not the same 4CDmq[AVS[  
•    difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out Yy&0b(m U  
•    dig - v. to make a hole in the ground =U:iR  
•    dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") l|DOsI'r  
•    diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government "k+QDQ3=  
•    direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") _PuMZjGL  
•    direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to j"f ]pzg&  
•    dirt - n. earth or soil hM;EUWv  
•    disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist Z*JZ Ubo-Q  
•    disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device (bXCc  
•    discover - v. to find or learn something -wY6da*.W  
•    discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas __zsrIUJ  
•    disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria $u>^A<TBN  
•    dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider F C(m)S2  
•    dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate R(csJ4F  
•    dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government xe 6x!  
•    distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") :qI myaGQ  
•    dive - v. to jump into water head first A M# '(k(  
•    divide - v. to separate into two or more parts z2-=fIr.h  
•    do - v. to act; to make an effort J9{B  
•    doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people >b/Yg:t  
•    document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something gp;(M~we  
•    dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans i<-#yL5  
•    dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents N!hp^V<7  
•    door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room X^"95Ic  
•    down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place <>p\9rVp*^  
•    dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future ^5xY&1j  
•    drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth mz>"4-]  
•    drive - v. to control a moving vehicle Dj?9 5Z,r  
•    drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower ?eeE[F  
•    drown - v. to die under water { R&F_51)V  
•    drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind oU67<jq  
•    dry - ad. not wet; without rain I/fERnHM/+  
•    during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) g (|p/%H  
•    dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air /SSl$  
•    duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just *|MPYxJ<  
E 2g|+*.*`  
•    each - ad. every one by itself ;p) gTQa  
•    early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late ~G ,n>  
•    earn - v. to be paid in return for work done Au@U;a4UU  
•    earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil o)sr E5  
•    earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface yG{'hx6H  
•    ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult .z)&#2E  
•    east - n. the direction from which the sun rises q >f1V3  
•    easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do n`;=^^B  
•    eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth Vtr 0=-m&  
•    ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things bv-s}UP0  
•    economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized e &#qj^  
•    edge - n. the line where something ends or begins @<r  ;>G  
•    education - n. the act of teaching  E*i <P  
•    effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") ?HAWw'QW  
•    effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something d 6j'[  
•    egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby ?kISAA4x  
•    either - ad. one of two, but not the other ]t(;bD hT  
•    elect - v. to choose by voting 7P|GKN~  
•    electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines tFO86 !ln  
•    embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants Ws{2+G~  
•    emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action IEmtt^C  
•    emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness Xq` '^)  
•    employ - v. to give work in return for wages 0_J<=T?\"s  
•    empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything now\-XrS  
•    end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last wspZ Eu>C;  
•    enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war gk1I1)p  
•    energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active L*"Q5NzB]  
•    enforce - v. to make something be done i*_T\_=  
•    engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work pA&CBXio  
•    engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads b<u   
•    enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something Wz`MEyj  
•    enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed 0sD"Hu  
•    enter - v. to come or go into /\q1,}M  
•    environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals }uz*6Z(S  
•    equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights }`FC'!(   
•    equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity WPPz/c|j  
•    escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of Y &6v TU  
•    especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") KP(RK4F  
•    establish - v. to bring into existence; to create 5|._K(M  
•    estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information 3C=ON.1eg  
•    ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived F@~zVu3'  
•    evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas T:p,!?kc7  
•    even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") ;nW#Dn9  
•    event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance (,z0 V+ !  
•    ever - ad. at any time )u)]#z  
•    every - ad. each one; all PQ9.aJdw@-  
•    evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing J$JXY@mBSC  
•    evil - ad. not good; extremely bad zkHwoAD;t8  
•    exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail E`]lr[  
•    examine - v. to study closely KjFNb;mM  
•    example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like nG hFYQl  
•    excellent - ad. extremely good d}#G~O+y3v  
•    except - prep. but for _?$P?  
•    exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another !|}(tqt  
•    excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action Hyx%FN=  
•    execute - v. to kill = zJY5@^'7  
•    exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health }g6:9%ZMu  
•    exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country & c a-  
•    exist - v. to be; to live vF,\{sgW  
•    expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger YbjeM6#E  
•    expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event lW}"6@0,  
•    expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away 7[aSP5e>T  
•    experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") yv2BbrYyy  
•    experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something jF4h/((|EU  
•    expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training ~Mu=,OT  
•    explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning Pt<lHfd  
•    explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb ETQ.A< v  
•    explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely NgH"jg-  
•    export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale bj)dYj f  
•    express - v. to say clearly RDX".'`(=  
•    extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time 1QkAFSl3  
•    extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary ;;4xpg  
•    extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted GR&T Z   
•    extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way v"x{oD$R  
F h!#!}|Q'  
•    face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger nU]4)t_o\  
•    fact - n. something known or proved to be true (W.euQy  
•    factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made h ]'VAt  
•    fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal Ga o(3Y  
•    fair - ad. just; honest; what is right aBL+i -  
•    fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position Nc4e,>$]&  
•    false - ad. not true; not correct 8GC(?#Kb  
•    family - n. the group that includes children and their parents ?9<byEO%M  
•    famous - ad. known very well to many people \gd.Bl  
•    far - ad. at, to or from a great distance -t28"jyj  
•    farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food 9r@T "$V#c  
•    fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick 6.fahg?E  
•    fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy JpuF6mQ  
•    father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children G[U'-a}I  
•    fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") &W1{o&  
•    federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government  %trtP  
•    feed - v. to give food to x@EEMO1_"  
•    feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching "DV.%7*^  
•    female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women ]@@3]  
•    fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out qGS]2KY  
•    fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much z` b. ~<P  
•    few - ad. not many; a small number of XWo=?(iA  
•    field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals UH8)r  
•    fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry ^:0NKq\  
•    fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle H^s@qh)L  
•    fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more 5S:&^ A<  
•    film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie w+vYD2 a  
•    final - ad. at the end; last pf.T{ /%  
•    financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks h 9V9.'  
•    find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") ye U4,K o  
•    fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin D_E^%Ea&`  
•    finish - v. to complete; to end A{hwT,zV:  
•    fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning >M7e'}0 ;  
•    firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations Hl&]r'bK  
•    firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") !:3NPjhf1Y  
•    first - ad. coming before all others tYt/m6h  
•    fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water O2{_:B>K[  
•    fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") bA#E8dlC_  
•    fix - v. to make good or right again ?Mp)F2'  
•    flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization /Ny/%[cu  
•    flat - ad. smooth; having no high places 6.tppAO+  
•    flee - v. to run away from s#sr1[9}G  
•    float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air 8}p5MG  
•    flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land /IVw}:G  
•    floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") *>.~f<V  
•    flow - v. to move like a liquid 'w.:I TJf  
•    flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds hD\C[C,  
•    fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid C<A82u;t%@  
•    fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle >fo &H_a  
•    fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground ,K7C2PV6  
•    follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey GMOv$Tn-_L  
•    food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth <2y ~7 h:  
•    fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily ;BoeE3* 6  
•    foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks 3uRnbO-  
•    for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") =fBJQK2sk  
•    force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group )@Xdr0  
•    foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country D4[5}NYU  
•    forest - n. a place of many trees W5:S+  
•    forget - v. to not remember f%*-PW^*  
•    forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt Ltcr]T(Ic  
•    form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") (B]Vw+/  
•    former - ad. earlier in time; not now %8 cFzyE*  
•    forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front 21 cB_"  
•    free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost WP^%[?S2  
•    freedom - n. the condition of being free /[nt=#+   
•    freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold 9 J5Z'd_  
•    fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent jopC\Z  
•    friend - n. a person one likes and trusts Q;r 0#"  
•    frighten - v. to cause great fear WF-imI:EK  
•    from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") &;9<a^td  
•    front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part x+yt| &B  
•    fruit - n. food from trees and plants [4xN:i  
•    fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power j- F=5)A  
•    full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete >)N,V;j  
•    fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness 7SAu">lIl  
•    funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead ~,':PUkiV  
•    future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") 8Qu].nKe  
G 7\ {<AM?*  
•    gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase by6E "7%  
•    game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports Gq-U}r  
•    gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power wK#UFOp  
•    gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect ,5r 2!d  
•    general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all o ]Vx6  
•    gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent 5+3Z?|b  
•    get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of $#Ji=JX  
•    gift - n. something given without cost 4\s S  
•    girl - n. a young female person O gHWmb  
•    give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment 6oUT+^z#  
•    glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids miN(a; Q2P  
•    go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave Za}91z"  
•    goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race pm)A*][s  
•    god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers p3^7Hr  
•    gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal de ](l687I  
•    good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad wRie{Vk  
•    goods - n. things owned or made to be sold `VBjH]$  
•    govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power g>f(5  
•    government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area 0W=IuPDU  
•    grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds +%gh?  
•    granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son s_1]&0<  
•    grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother .-Ao%A W  
•    grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother +U6! bu>C  
•    grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son oN _% oc  
•    grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves `C!Pe84(  
•    gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white 3rR(>}:[V  
•    great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important @ObsW !g  
•    green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass H-UMsT=g]  
•    grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing 9'4cqR  
•    ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil m X2Qf8  
•    group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose St(7@)gvY  
•    grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount +w}5-8mH&>  
•    guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen ].1R~7b  
•    guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") m Y%PG  
•    guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police bo@1c0  
•    guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way ("9)=x*5  
•    guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action Wxg|jP$~   
•    gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
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