By Voice of America k"zv~`i'
Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 qi D@'Va\
©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc. 7WS p($
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ag[wdoj
Parts of Speech YfKdR"i+.
Prefixes 04P}-L,
Expressions ,Ah;A
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Science Words 7# Kn8s
Organs of the Body _|I#{jK
PARTS OF SPEECH FGmb<z 2p
• n. (noun) - a name word R.1. )P[
• v. (verb) - an action word S g![Ls j
• ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word 'S&zCTX7j
• prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation =>v#4zFd
• pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun uZ K
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• conj. (conjunction) - a joining word I-(zaqp@
注：用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 3,qr-g|;jM
A !?h;wR
• a - ad. one; any; each :OT0yA=U
• able - v. having the power to do something
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• about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") \X D6 pr@
• above - ad. at a higher place '_Fsv HQ
• accept - v. to agree to receive -C]5>& W
• accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event CkQ3#
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• accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone Feq]U?
• across - ad. from side to side; to the other side 5Yq@;e
• act - v. to do something lX 4
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• activist - n. one who seeks change through action +iRh
• actor - n. someone acting in a play or show t-bB>q#3>
• add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more Pu$Tk |
• administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister &d^m 1
• admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") /@TF5]Ri
• adult - n. a grown person yYA$I'Bm\
• advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision )1`0PJoHE
• affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") .p"
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• afraid - ad. feeling fear \"OG6G_>$
• after - ad. later; behind ; )@~
• again - ad. another time; as before 1^JS Dd
• against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something e=m42vIB-
• age - n. how old a person or thing is ?J~_R1Z
• agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") srrgvG,
• aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders u <v7;dF|s
• ago - ad. of time past; before now )=_,O=z$K
• agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
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• agriculture - n. farming FP4P|kl/9'
• aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
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• aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose >e5 qv(y]
• air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe :nOFR$ W
• air force - n. a military organization using airplanes ^RIl
• airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies U26}gT)
• airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land 4zFW-yy
• album - n. a collection of recorded music R%[ c; i
• alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products m#\ dSl
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• alive - ad. having life; not dead UH"%N)
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• all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount Y9XEP7
• ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose @_}P-h
• almost - ad. a little less than completely T</F
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• alone - ad. separated from others <=C!VVk4f
• along - ad. near or on ("along the road") %| Lfuz*
• already - ad. before now; even now cTT L1S W
• also - ad. added to; too > /caXvS
• although - conj. even if it is true that 3AN/
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• always - ad. at all times; every time smo ~7;
• ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) u;2[AQ.
• amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) amY!qg0P*
• ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns 6i3$C W
• among - ad. in or part of (a group) ?m"( S oh
• amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything ,r\o}E2
• anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness ^Xh^xL2cn
• ancestor - n. a family member from the past C1 *v,i
• ancient - ad. very old; long ago 1 /J=uH
• and - conj. also; in addition to; with eP o}y])2
• anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something Lt>IX")
• animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat [MY|T<q
• anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past DEZve Qr=
• announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially + ks VtG,
• another - ad. one more; a different one o! A +&{
• answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question [ v*ju!
• any - ad. one or more of no special kind [ ` 7ThHX
• apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility $-sHWYZ
• appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help YNi.SXH
• appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem T 9 [Q
• appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") A~ 70
• approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support h~zT ydnH
• archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities -( H0>Ap
• area - n. any place or part of it g`QEu
5v
• argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree {bY%# m
• arms - n. military equipment; weapons EXqE ~afm2
• army - n. military ground forces e$ rZ 5X
• around - ad. on every side (of) t"oeQ*d%
• arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 8
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• arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip L.JT[zOfb
• art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues =@~Y12o?%
• artillery - n. big guns a9V,es"BWQ
• as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while X#
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• ash - n. the part left after something burns 4BpZJ~(p
• ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") @ f3 E`8
• assist - v. to help eTcd"Kd/
• astronaut - n. a person who travels in space 4{|"7/PE1
• astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe J5,9_uo]
• asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country X 0+vXz{~g
• at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") DkDmE
• atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet =[ 7A v>
• attach - v. to tie together; to connect +9sQZB# (
• attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight >Cq<@$I2EB
• attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort 5*u+q2\F
• attend - v. to be present at 5wU]!bxr
• automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car ) ;Y ;Q
• autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter vKAN@HSYr
• average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal R[]Md t<
• avoid - v. to stay away from 1<aP92 /N&
• awake - ad. not sleeping XC#oB~K'
• award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service Y"$xX8o
• away - ad. not near )J(6xy
B +D*Z _Yh6
• baby - n. a newly born creature V0 a3<6@4
• back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward ZXPX,~ 5o
• bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good J C}D` h
• balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal <(#ej4ar,
• ball - n. something round P@~yx#G
• balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air
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• ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting HTTC TR
• ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction -yNlyHv9
• bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money #~=R y H
• bar - v. to prevent or block 7F~ X,Dk_
• barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult ` 5> b:3
• base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") hOK8(U
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• battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces )D%~` ,#pQ
• be - v. to live; to happen; to exist ~pky@O# b
• beat - v. to hit again and again ;722\y(Y
• beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit `uTmw^pZX
• because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") X2"/%!65{
• become - v. to come to be bW +:C5'
• bed - n. a sleeping place KqP#6^ _
• before - prep. earlier 5#z1bu
• begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start 7
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• behind - ad. at the back of; in back of +
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• believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust tX~ w{| k
• bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") &#i"=\d
• belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of NwfVL4Xg
• below - ad. lower than N6TH}~62}
• best - ad. the most good .fs3>@T"#
• betray - v. to turn against; to be false to I(
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• better - ad. more good than z{r}~{{E
• between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") 43 :X,\~)
• big - ad. of great size; not small 1B \WA8
• bill - n. a legislative proposal tT._VK]o&R
• biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms NX&_p!_V
• bird - n. a creature that flies 2 ? 4!K.
• bite - v. to cut with the teeth J9 I :Q<;
• black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky _','9|
• blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible U%/+B]6jP
• blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm R^e'}+Z
• bleed - v. to lose blood M UwMb!Z.s
• blind - ad. not able to see |&4/n6;P$0
• block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement kSo"Ak!
• blood - n. red fluid in the body bs1Rvx1:J%
• blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") . 'yCw#f
• blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky >C~6\L`c
• boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods U :_^#\p
• body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal L_iFt!
• boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot ,$&&-p I]
• bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs u\JNr}bL
• bone - n. the hard material in the body
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• book - n. a long written work for reading jRV/A!4
• border - n. a dividing line between nations }RqK84K
• born - v. to come to life; to come into existence < c/5b]No
• borrow - v. to take as a loan sD wqH.L
• both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together cYt!n5w~W
• bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid h.t-`k 7
• bottom - ad. the lowest part of something | Xy6PN8
• box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood ekCC5P!
• boy - n. a young male person [cp+ i^f
• boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with c0u^ zH<
• brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures sON|w86B
• brave - ad. having no fear C 3YT1tK
• bread - n. a food made from grain D}X\Ca"h
• break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy w+CA1q<
• breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again <e</m)j
• bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other 9qG6Pb
• brief - ad. short; not long em N*l]N
• bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color e**qF=HCw
• bring - v. to come with something 6,{$J
• broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program Y/zj[>
• brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person WI-1)1t
• brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee #4 pB@_
• budget - n. a spending plan r\V
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• build - v. to join materials together to make something W9GVt$T7
• building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment ;M
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• bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun $ gS>FJ
• burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
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• burst - v. to break open suddenly DlMW(4(
• bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth x+@rg];m
• bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people HCC#j9U N6
• business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
wcY? rE9
• busy - ad. doing something; very active j HJ`,#
• but - conj. however; other than; yet b!5~7Ub.No
• buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money : E )>\&
• by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") ZX./P
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• cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government (M.&^w;`,
• call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") q6V> zi
• calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense 8NAON5.!
• camera - n. a device for taking pictures ~%kk
eh\j
• camp - n. a place with temporary housing x)O!["'"
• campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war ;,:`1UI
• can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal K F!Yf\
• cancel - v. to end; to stop K/yxE|w<
• cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body .;`AAH'k
• candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor =R$u[~Xl2X
• capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is VY=jc~c]v
• capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies dn$!&
• capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of PmEsN&YP]
• car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train 0rs"o-s<
• care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest ^KT Y?
• careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought -3Z,EaG^
• carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another 2B& 3TLO
• case (court) - n. a legal action a![{M<Y~
• case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") ytJ/g/,A0i
• cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans h( u8&MHx
• catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands A&Usddcp
• cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result 9`X\6s
• cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement Lx SpctiNx
• celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities h_3E)jc
• center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity :vQrOn18p
• century - n. one hundred years \aUC(K~o\;
• ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition w(3G&11N?
• chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group k:#!zK}
• champion - n. the best; the winner ep)n_!$OH"
• chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen N gGp
• change - v. to make different; to become different W ]?G}Q;
• charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something tOd&!HYL
• chase - v. to run or go after someone or something B:S>wFE(.
• cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from }t=!(GOb}
• cheer - v. to shout approval or praise b)5u f'?-
• chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry *:LK8U
• chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances 5o'FS{6U
• chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important ;oKZ!ND
• child - n. a baby; a boy or girl p\tm:QWD;
• children - n. more than one child H. |#c^I
• choose - v. to decide between two or more U} e!Wjrc
• circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" 17[3/m8a
• citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law $m{:C;UH
• city - n. any important large town 8f)?{AX0
• civilian - ad. not military kYqU9cB~
• civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation c%2QZ C
• claim - v. to say something as a fact *K6g\f]b #
• clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose L~rBAIdD
• clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") JPc+rfF
• clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood +\c5] `
• clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization :bu/^mW[
• climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place Yz/md1T$
• climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands ~ Ei $nV
• clock - n. a device that measures and shows time GmeQ`;9,
• close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to 6ryak!|[
• cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances 4n ! aW?%
• clothes - n. what people wear z0p*
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• cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky <EB+1GFuI
• coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel 8>2.U rC
• coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together h5{'Q$Erl
• coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean L %*!`TN
• coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name W#4 7h7M
• cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature \ =?a/
• collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") 6y%q Vx#!
• college - n. a small university *v
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• colony - n. land controlled by another country or government nX6u(U
• color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others =w _Ype`
• combine - v. to mix or bring together Cx(>RXVoJ,
• come - v. to move toward; to arrive UN;H+gNnN
• command - v. to order; to have power over something G6q
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• comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something F 5bj=mI
• committee - n. a group of people given special work V%7WUq
• common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") =V, mtT
• communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information ~9a<0Mc?
• community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area x*/t yZg6
• company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes 8O5s`qKMYT
• compare - v. to examine what is different or similar i^X]
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• compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others L:KF_W.I+
• complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished ~WeM TXF>y
• complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple !1jBC. G1
• compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded e8 >})
• computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others ,8S/t +H
• concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") 2@ n{yYwy
• condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad O%WIf__Q
• condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health .9/ hHCp
• conference - n. a meeting 7X`g,b!
• confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true n*R])=F@c
• conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one : Xda1S
• congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck !hA-_
• Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries 0JWDtmK=C
• connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link B+|Kjlt
• conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change !{+,B5 Hc
• consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully AVsDt2A
• constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government m xvp3t \
• contain - v. to hold; to include >2Y=*K,:
• container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
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• continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world HDz5& 7* .
• continue - v. to go on doing or being vz@A;t
• control - v. to direct; to have power over Yj<a"
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• convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose W- $Z(Z
XL
• cook - v. to heat food before eating it DHg :8%3 x
• cool - ad. almost cold %HhBt5w
• cooperate - v. to act or work together vRYQ{ :
• copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another F0m-23[H
• corn - n. a food grain ]"pVj6O
• correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right N_LM/of|D
• cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") 8$] 1M,$r
• cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name [DYQ"A= )d
• count - v. to speak or add numbers =?5]()'*n
• country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities 8:q1~`?5"b
• court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law av(6wht8
• cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing
> ^O7
• cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk !@5 9)
• crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force NYhB'C2
• create - v. to make; to give life or form to mupT<_Y
• creature - n. any living being; any animal or human `T1
• credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time pP1|&`}ux
• crew - n. a group of people working together \a< wKTkn
• crime - n. an act that violates a law *nd! )t
• criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime 4a&R Yx
• crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation ^ G]J ,+
• criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge S*pGMuui
• crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables y4yhF8E>;U
• cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across L]7= ?vN=8
• crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place 53_Hl]#qZ
• crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely SV4E0c>
• cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain v {RZJ^1
• culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population $yP*jO4i
• cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") >[f?vr z
• curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses t}_r]E,{u
• current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") 39c2pV[
• custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people yH
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• customs - n. taxes on imports v4<nI;Ux
• cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce qfF~D0}
cb js9bu
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• dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water je\Ph5 "
• damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things PxX 4[ P
• dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music QP==?g
3
• danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss xh-o }8*n"
• dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") /A\8 mL8
• date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year B^=-Z8
• daughter - n. a person's female child m[osg< CR_
• day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight eSn+ B;
• dead - ad. not living >d XGee>'M
• deaf - ad. not able to hear > tS'Q`R
• deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") b#c: u2
• debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument Yu/ID!`Z
• debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing -:^U_FL8un
• decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge BU)U/A8iS
• declare - v. to say; to make a statement $QF{iV@6d4
• decrease - v. to make less in size or amount >~rTqtKd
• deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom t^-d/yKt0w
• defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost &3>)q ul
• defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect ZgJQ?S$ D
• deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports *-WpZGh
• define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain %QH$ipM
• degree - n. a measure of temperature 3Aip}<1
• delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late ;a!S!% .h
• delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another OKZV{Gja
• demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force o 11jca|
• democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions < {p4V|:
• demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") S\EyCi+
• denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely z
kP_6T09
• deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request "!P3R1 ;%
• depend - v. to need help and support y1 D L,%j
• deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness HWAdhDZ
• deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action M^Yh|%M
• depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs ,,.QfUj/&
• describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something 7"D", 1h
• desert - n. a dry area of land +/7?HG
f
• design - v. to plan or create plans for /62!cp/F/D
• desire - v. to want very much; to wish for \7eUw,~Q>
• destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of c]<5zyl"j1
• detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information ]m q|w
• develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress -IudgO]
• device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose h*a(_11
• dictator - n. a ruler with complete power E~T-=ocKE
• die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end ]cvwIc ">
• diet - n. usual daily food and drink > uB?rGcM
• different - ad. not the same uZYF(Yu
• difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out B@))8.h]
• dig - v. to make a hole in the ground dQX6(J j
• dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") jd"@t*ZV
• diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government 3`?7 <YJ
• direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") Y-z (zS^1
• direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to =I5>$}q_&,
• dirt - n. earth or soil N>1em!AS
• disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist 6_;ic pN]
• disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device ]N]!o#q}L
• discover - v. to find or learn something E]d . z6k
• discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas ?j.,Nw4FC
• disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria H8jpxzXv
• dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider 8Fh)eha9f
• dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate Y@iS_lR
• dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government >:!5*E5?
• distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") djZ qc5t
• dive - v. to jump into water head first ^76]0`gS
• divide - v. to separate into two or more parts t@;p
• do - v. to act; to make an effort @H C Vmg :
• doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people kTB 0b*V
• document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something 0+ '&`Q!u
• dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans =qIp2c}Rx
• dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents & . j&0WE
• door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room EZGIf/ 3
• down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place 3 hH<T.@)
• dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future ;'K5J 9k
• drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth *
fxG?}YT
• drive - v. to control a moving vehicle NI]N4[8(
• drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower 3
i0_hZ
• drown - v. to die under water EVSX. '&f
• drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind /~?*=}c^m
• dry - ad. not wet; without rain %> eiAB_b
• during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) ki!0^t:9
• dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air +6 \Zj)
• duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just 0~S^Y1hH
E 2ilQX
y
• each - ad. every one by itself HV|,}Wks6s
• early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late X"Swi &4
• earn - v. to be paid in return for work done )t#W{Gzfmh
• earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil Q
& JUt(
• earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface +0Y&`{#Z
• ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult Q2gq
}c~
• east - n. the direction from which the sun rises *] X'( /b_
• easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do :F ?C)F
• eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth &8lZNv8;(p
• ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things L0o\J` :
• economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized 0 (HU}I
• edge - n. the line where something ends or begins &u
!,H p
• education - n. the act of teaching = ^?/+p8 k
• effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") hgq;`_;1,
• effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something e^v
oW "?%
• egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby 2+XA X: YD
• either - ad. one of two, but not the other JZ x[W&]zT
• elect - v. to choose by voting &D<y X~
• electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines ~"!fP3"e
• embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants z24q3 3O
• emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action i
ct])
• emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness 'w aaw_>b
• employ - v. to give work in return for wages :2`e(+Uz
• empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything XiWmV ?
• end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last !N^@4*
• enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war ~}
~4
• energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active %cn<y ch
G
• enforce - v. to make something be done ~xTt204S
• engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work ; _=&-mz
• engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads 5^ Zg>I
• enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something X?Q4} Y
• enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
pxi3PY?
• enter - v. to come or go into sLk-x\P]|
• environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals er\|i. Y
• equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights lB4WKn=?Kl
• equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity Z\sDUJ
• escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of zt%Mx>V@
• especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") r JB}q YD
• establish - v. to bring into existence; to create =_^X3z0
• estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information *^`Vz
?g<
• ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived '3;b@g,
• evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas
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• even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") ^.y\ (=
• event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance ?JUe
uNs9
• ever - ad. at any time j<$2hiI/?&
• every - ad. each one; all HaYo!.(Fv
• evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing xSu >
• evil - ad. not good; extremely bad * zLMpL_
• exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail qQa}wcU'9p
• examine - v. to study closely p
ll)Y
• example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like GvAb`c =
• excellent - ad. extremely good 2 E= L8<
• except - prep. but for ~J]qP #C
• exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another gG uO
• excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action HOi`$vX }N
• execute - v. to kill TA\vZGJ('
• exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health .)3 <Q}>
• exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country Ort(AfW
• exist - v. to be; to live 4ppz, L,4
• expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger n"8Yv~v*2j
• expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event ^rz_f{c]-
• expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away :'ptuY
• experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") )5H?Vh>36
• experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something *^r}"in
• expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training g2]Qv@nxw
• explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning C,zohlpC
• explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb HKe K <V
• explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely bK7J} 8hH
• export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale 1Ws9WU
• express - v. to say clearly SfR%s8c`
• extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time p}P-6&k,U
• extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary )gi9f1n`
• extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted <naz+QK'
• extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way 0 "#HJ
A44
F | ?9HU~B
• face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger /Kbl%u
• fact - n. something known or proved to be true HT@=evV
• factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made 4K74= r),i
• fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal 6B
-16
• fair - ad. just; honest; what is right h];I{crh
• fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position =c7;r]
Ol
• false - ad. not true; not correct pot~<d`:K"
• family - n. the group that includes children and their parents Ca\6vR
• famous - ad. known very well to many people z{>Rc"%\
• far - ad. at, to or from a great distance mc
3"`+o
• farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food {Ha57Wk8D
• fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick 2pAW9R#UV-
• fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy T0
{L q:
• father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children 28nFR
r
• fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") OJxl<Q=z
• federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government 8i pez/
• feed - v. to give food to r
:dT z
• feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching KmF]\:sMD
• female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women Ep}s}Stlr}
• fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out %$mA03[MQ
• fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much HTtnXBJ)*H
• few - ad. not many; a small number of ])!*_
• field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals yHGADH0B
• fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry (#'>(t(4
• fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle j#6. Gq
• fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more J e{ykL?N
• film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie h$*!8=M
• final - ad. at the end; last w(rE`IgW
• financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks y)pk6d
• find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") ~m |BC*)
• fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin 62 6r^ c=
• finish - v. to complete; to end Lv%x81]K
• fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning $C\BcKlmv
• firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations HV
.t6@\};
• firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") #F#%`Rv1
• first - ad. coming before all others hQ i
2U
• fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water ys~x $
• fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") ise-O
1'
• fix - v. to make good or right again 0mn w{fE8_
• flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization PdCEUh\>y
• flat - ad. smooth; having no high places q7!{?\T%
• flee - v. to run away from Qd-A.{[h
• float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air e!Hh s/&!T
• flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land R8 T x[CJ5
• floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") -%~4W?
• flow - v. to move like a liquid q@&6#B
• flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds p[-O( 3Y
• fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid O}P`P'Y|'
• fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle $Y;RKe9
• fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground ~zgGa:uU
• follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey R=dC4;
• food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth q<J~ ~'
• fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily )7d&NE_
• foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks iwq!w6+
• for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") :U\tv[
• force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group 5bIw?%dk(
• foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country -} +[
• forest - n. a place of many trees ~@!bsLSMU
• forget - v. to not remember j+!v}*I![
• forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt @ 7u 0v
• form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") q| 7(
• former - ad. earlier in time; not now ,I9bNO,%JK
• forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front lFk R=!?=
• free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost CAlCDfKW}
• freedom - n. the condition of being free $ :6!H:t y
• freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold >ef6{URy<
• fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent teP<!RKNb
• friend - n. a person one likes and trusts
jo7\`#(Q
• frighten - v. to cause great fear gr{ DWCK
• from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") ni<(K
0~
• front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part YR70BOxK
• fruit - n. food from trees and plants vI?, 47Hj+
• fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power SJLis"8
• full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete JT?h1v<H]
• fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness e.%nRhSs 3
• funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead yauvXosX
• future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") hoP]9& <T
G jdN` mosJ
• gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase R CrCs
• game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports !Cs_F&l"j
• gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power Sdo -nt
• gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect mDWG7
Asp
• general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all r% _djUd
• gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent )BE1Q*=
n
• get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of zA 3_Lx!
• gift - n. something given without cost NbobliC=
• girl - n. a young female person GyIV
Hby
• give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment O1lNAcpeM
• glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids %>yL1BeA4
• go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave PCvWS.{
• goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race /z !% d%"
• god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers H|*m$| $,
• gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal 8}[).d160
• good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad dG{A~Z z
• goods - n. things owned or made to be sold r$1Qf}J3=
• govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power ok[i<zl; '
• government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area <} .$l
• grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds w(/S? d
• granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son rsQt MtS2
• grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother Uly ue
• grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother ^ c<Ve'-
• grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son b sX[UF
• grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves x4 yR8n(
• gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white \ bcLiKE{
• great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important +nL[MSw
• green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass Q?vlfZR `8
• grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing w}KkvP^
• ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil }j%5t ~Qa
• group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose gJXaPJA{
• grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount e=
AKD#
• guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen +whDU 2 "
• guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") <YY 1 4p
• guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police *pq\MiD/
• guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way N)T}P\l
• guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action r; {.%s7
• gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
