英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
b+Ly%& I2 U
/ \ 一般时
Xup"gYTZQ GI]sE]tZ 进行时
Kbdjd p 9KqN . 完成时
-#9Hb.Q
; J.R|Xd 完成进行时
'G6M:IXno mX4u#$xs: 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
2}NWFM3C ,wyfMOGLt 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
Y,?!" 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
@xO?SjH should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
`PV+.V} 一般过去时的用法
AK7IPftlH iyj,0 T 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
Awip qDAu When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
PYOU=R%o`8 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
R')D~JJ<8a FuA8vTV{ 2）句型：
%Ydzzr3 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
Q|!}&= It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
APfD
y It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
+PCsp'D
d It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
IQ& o%
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
POnI&y] I'd rather you came tomorrow.
J?Ed^B- j K!Y- 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
]m>N!Iu I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
l> Mth+ ,b &WqKsH$ 比较：
dzK]F/L] 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
>N&C-6W Christine was an invalid all her life.
<`'^rCWI? (含义：她已不在人间。)
A b"mX0n Christine has been an invalid all her life.
7 Q`'1oE? (含义：她现在还活着)
eX+FtN Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
-y@5% _- (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
HjX!a29Wf Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
1j_
x 51p ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
4. &t Es c*+}ck 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
A?
=(q 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
33R_JM{ Did you want anything else?
~-"<)XPe I wondered if you could help me.
UF
g N@ 2）情态动词 could, would.
' O\me Could you lend me your bike?
12NV 一般将来时
/1Xji 0LK %cWy0:F5VY p'`SYEY@Z 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
?\HXYC i0r will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
.kB Z(`K Which paragraph shall I read first.
} ph;~og}y Will you be at home at seven this evening?
; 'o:1{Y (Ea)`'/ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
;K'1dsA a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
7VP[U, What are you going to do tomorrow?
)xJo/{? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
> 5i(U_`l the play is going to be produced next month。
9w-V +Nf c. 有迹象要发生的事
HWr")%EhD Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
#+1*g4m~B Q k`yK|(0= 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
2 9 +p|n We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
pg}9baW? oQrkd: 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
1 :xN )M,s He is about to leave for Beijing.
c3\z 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
@wWro?s'p 现在进行时
Y.O/~ af 9(%ptnya E7eOKNVC# Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
'RIlyH~Yf (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
k+^-;=u 6< She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
C~4$A/&( c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
= O
qw`jw the leaves are turning red.
C<!%V
Hs It's getting warmer and warmer.
c}nXMA^^ d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
yNk9KK ) You are always changing your mind.
8^3Z]=(Q p]d3F^*i 典型例题
7o$4ov;T My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
t HhA _
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
!]tZ E%? 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
Q3Sw W 过去进行时
8$fiq}a .P[
%t=W 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
. bh>_ W_h 9/LI[{ 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
hJ0)"OA5 &e\A v.n@- 3) 常用的时间状语
zWxKp;. this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
x\vb@!BZ kve{CO* JFx=X=C My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
(,<ti): It was raining when they left the station.
V~y 4mpfX When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
D m': D 0z g\thL 典型例题
CqVh9M.ah 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
%2=nS<kC A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
f!}c0n b 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
4C&L %A U!sv6=(y@ 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
irNGURLm read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
jP6;~[rl 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
|[x) %5F 比较过去时与现在完成时
}Y(yDg;" LEMgRI`rf w$*t.Q* 7kM_Ijd$ 一般过去时的时间状语:
#2c-@) , yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
9V& %_.Z _ s./^B_w! 共同的时间状语:
-`6O(he this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
7 ~[1%` v7VJVLH,I7 现在完成时的时间状语
VIL
#q for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
m?hC!n> 不确定的时间状语
8cy#[{u`; 1c
S{3 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
6vz9r)L 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
emb~l{K $ 举例：
Y;>0)eP I saw this film yesterday.
.H+`]qLkL （强调看的动作发生过了。）
+vf k+6 I have seen this film.
1tG,V%iCp （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
XiI@Px?FL Why did you get up so early?
G8"L #[~ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
C^ RO@kM Who hasn't handed in his paper?
4O[T:9mn0 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
\}t(g}7 T She has returned from Paris.
[Fe`}F}Co8 她已从巴黎回来了。
S|Wv1H> She returned yesterday.
-8Z%5W` 她是昨天回来了。
9}t2OJS*h" He has been in the League for three years.
VN|P(S6 (在团内的状态可延续)
,6,# Lc He has been a League member for three years.
% w 6fB (是团员的状态可持续)
Z<z(;)?c He joined the League three years ago.
$+zev$f ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
K~AQ) ]pJI I have finished my homework now.
5[[ 4A]#T l,HM m|oU ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
4dv+RRpGOv ---He's already been sent for.
=:mD)oX* 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
_kl. zw% （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
Y<%$;fx$Sx （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
