英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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G"' 一般时
0v cET( % M+s{ l 进行时
w4`!Te 7:ckq(89 完成时
Mf#2.TR I S.F 完成进行时
~S! L!qY `$f\ % 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
O&F< oM rkbl/py 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
x ru(Le}E 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
i:\bqK should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
2c!h2$w 一般过去时的用法
S_`W@cp[ !Jh*a *I} 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
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/f'6kR When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
a "MTQFm' Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
9 J$Y,Z J!ln=h 2）句型：
3`mC"a b / It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
C+ }CU} It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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c7 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
(D:KqGqoT It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
GZ; Z would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
R:SIs\%o I'd rather you came tomorrow.
")fOup@ ^a g-4gI\ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
/ <(R I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
qb#V) pT |./ Fe 比较：
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rbX 8Y 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
w@<<zItSo Christine was an invalid all her life.
\"<GL; (含义：她已不在人间。)
* fOS"-C L Christine has been an invalid all her life.
_N[^Hl`\ (含义：她现在还活着)
W\d0 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
z:@d@\$? (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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8e|H0 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
n^g- ` ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
7$E2/@f #d7)$ub 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
LIm$Wl1U 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
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\p Did you want anything else?
*X"F : 7 I wondered if you could help me.
NK*:w *SOI 2）情态动词 could, would.
EX[l0]fj Could you lend me your bike?
x< )!$cg 一般将来时
VH$\ a~| Y6[] wUJ exa}dh/uC 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
dqK will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
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pA,~ Which paragraph shall I read first.
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'q Will you be at home at seven this evening?
]c~ rPi Cys/1DkE 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
g]TI8&tP!L a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
(\AszLW What are you going to do tomorrow?
's%ct}y\J b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
Jq=>H@il the play is going to be produced next month。
T! O3( c. 有迹象要发生的事
0[3tW[j Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
YC+ZVp"v q0xE&[C [M 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
aO;Q%]VL ' We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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>(+ LVz%$Cq,0 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
kk>0XPk He is about to leave for Beijing.
=V4_DJ(& 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
A?< "^<A^ 现在进行时
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Ip =,1zl}PR Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
7dL=E"WL (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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2 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
%PNm7s4x 2 c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
#' {PY r the leaves are turning red.
5&7?0h+I It's getting warmer and warmer.
x sypIbN d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
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aT_29 You are always changing your mind.
Tx&qp#FS '}[L sU 典型例题
nV6g]#~ @ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
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D< A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
XdXS^QA .s 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
(VF4] 过去进行时
GA@Q:n8UuR '%/u103{e 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
29E@e]Y,` oXOO 10 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
loVvr"&g J ##X5'a3* 3) 常用的时间状语
NNrZb? this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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yn!Iz< My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
,oVBgCf It was raining when they left the station.
FbT&w4Um = When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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:' zEL[%(fnc 典型例题
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X& 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Ji?UG@ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
8*) {*'bf 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
tm#y `1- aWK7 -n 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
AxQ / read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
]$*_2V3VA$ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
`I:,[3_/ 比较过去时与现在完成时
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\0& (q%c im\Ws./ &BR?;LD 一般过去时的时间状语:
]8z6gDp yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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7 b 共同的时间状语:
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lR>0e this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
Za?&\ M:M<bz V u 现在完成时的时间状语
=ZL2 0<TeH for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
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_ 不确定的时间状语
c9k,D c q+Q)IVaU81 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
;sJ2K"c 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
F`3As 9b: 举例：
Fj e%hcV I saw this film yesterday.
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k （强调看的动作发生过了。）
PUArKBYM- I have seen this film.
8h 2?Q （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
mY9K)]8 Why did you get up so early?
EeJ] >
1 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Ss}0.5Bq Who hasn't handed in his paper?
('oUcDOFTS （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
vZsVxx99 She has returned from Paris.
fba 3aId[ 她已从巴黎回来了。
n!nv.-n She returned yesterday.
gd*?kXpt 她是昨天回来了。
@TDcj~oR ? He has been in the League for three years.
3dLz =.=)' (在团内的状态可延续)
x.Y,]wis He has been a League member for three years.
UQ?8dw:E~ (是团员的状态可持续)
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He joined the League three years ago.
O'(vs"eN ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
]Re<7_xt I have finished my homework now.
\8ZNXCP }z #8vE; ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
-M}iDBJx># ---He's already been sent for.
3-5lO#&# 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
U$}]zaB （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
U@WT;:.T （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
