英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
b4^`DHRu6 L|bwZ,M=}? 一般时
pvmC$n^zc Y%`xDI 进行时
( =~&+z .{y
uo{u 完成时
AL>$HB$ o sKKt?^? 完成进行时
C z\Pp q E@7J:|.)R 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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qucq,Yw 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
x?&$ ci 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
g<~Cpd should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
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lP':'P 一般过去时的用法
8By|@LO h: 9Zt0, 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
+SwR+H)? When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
8<Hf" M Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
z[Xd%mhjO |P%Jw,}]9 2）句型：
D*lKn62 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
S\;V4@<Kn It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
MG.`
r{5 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
<_7*67{ It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
NX}<*b/ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
@Z12CrJ I'd rather you came tomorrow.
|j,"Pl}il^ Oeok ; : 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
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I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
i*Z" Me Om5 Y|v"* 比较：
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一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
w9bbMx Christine was an invalid all her life.
H5Io{B%= (含义：她已不在人间。)
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E( Christine has been an invalid all her life.
2I,^YWR (含义：她现在还活着)
:s7m4!EF Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
&__es{;P (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
vw xXgk Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
QD0"rxZJ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
U`2e{>'4t 5? ]hd*8 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1ng!G 7g 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
?B2] -+Y Did you want anything else?
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HjC$ I wondered if you could help me.
sTn< #l 6 2）情态动词 could, would.
xLK<W"%0 Could you lend me your bike?
"eB$k40- 一般将来时
|#]@Z)xa 0Ziw_S\d&s nU7>u U 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
9_Be0xgJ3^ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
H|3:6x Which paragraph shall I read first.
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x` Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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V>; 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
,$s8GAmq a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
|)(VsVG& What are you going to do tomorrow?
-zOdU}91Ao b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
F8jd'OR the play is going to be produced next month。
$w2u3 - c. 有迹象要发生的事
_m5uDF?[ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
n<O}hM ZT _>(^tCo 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
49GkPy#]L= We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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|zZS%?$ &Sw%<N*r 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
}wr{W:j He is about to leave for Beijing.
m% -g ~q 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
7puFz4+f 现在进行时
o Hd FMD@ r`W)0oxD >,gg5<F-E Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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n (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
,k )w6) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
DS+}UO c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
BLfTsNzmt
the leaves are turning red.
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hfXZVD It's getting warmer and warmer.
Uzz'.K(Mv| d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
XG{{ 2f You are always changing your mind.
Cn'(<bl [ey:e6,T9 典型例题
R;s?$;I My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
sGy eb5c A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
fd +hA 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
_ "?.! 过去进行时
B~ ]k#Ot) K &POyOvT 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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E ?5C!<3gM) 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
V=R 3)GC N4^-` 3) 常用的时间状语
q$I;dOCJ, this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
$Z.7zH |SoCRjuCPM :o|\"3 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
Ov 5" It was raining when they left the station.
7E!IF>` When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
}Mst jm *@Lp`thq 典型例题
U &C!} 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
S?> HD| Z A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
AP68 V 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
;XF:\<+ %SX|o-B~.o 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
W#^2#sj O read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
dCE0$3'5 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
J2::'Hw*s 比较过去时与现在完成时
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mKEYX p2ogn}` &|Bc7+/P ?ATOXy 一般过去时的时间状语:
BcL{se9< yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
<oR a3Gi(% @JtM5 qB 共同的时间状语:
}T; P~aG this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
RP~|PtLw_ [0(B>a3J 现在完成时的时间状语
419x+3>} for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
o I=fx Sjd 不确定的时间状语
@aAW*D~-J isQ[ Gc!8 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
q |j2MV5#g 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
19HM])Zw\ 举例：
{{B%f. I saw this film yesterday.
x,rlrxI （强调看的动作发生过了。）
S& S Q I have seen this film.
[Grxw[(_: （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
.} q&5v Why did you get up so early?
] Bcp; D （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
)CuZDf@ Who hasn't handed in his paper?
Of" （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
ba[1wFmcL She has returned from Paris.
v-#Q7T 她已从巴黎回来了。
P*
w9 , She returned yesterday.
XiL~TC kx4 她是昨天回来了。
,eTUhK He has been in the League for three years.
r ~/ (在团内的状态可延续)
<J`0mVOX He has been a League member for three years.
G_0(
|% (是团员的状态可持续)
LS7 , a| He joined the League three years ago.
eO?p*"p" F ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
kMb}1J0i" I have finished my homework now.
K? y[V1, mVV D ! ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
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RP (+&W ---He's already been sent for.
Kla'lCZ 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
|C!ox hu< （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
5Ow[~p"l< （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
