英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
aH'=k?Of; 4?',E ddo 一般时
t 2Y2v2 J c2~oPUj 进行时
(yO8G-Z0 2]'cj 完成时
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Z- ZxoAf;U~ 完成进行时
z/P^Bx]r 2 q}lSa7r 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
&]S\GnqlU] ,7os3~Mk9 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
|_u|Td (n 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
z ;lWr(-x should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
F x3 X 一般过去时的用法
qk_YFR?R Z@gEJ^"yA" 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
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b:e When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
;.I, R NM Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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Bk} =v6qr~ 2）句型：
Q7pjF`wu It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
4Y yVh.x It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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OF It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
,jJbQIu# It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
0I7 r{T would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
HImQ.y!B I'd rather you came tomorrow.
+?ilTU KA{ JSi 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
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qBa I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
; G4g;YHy| |*JMCI@Mz 比较：
DpvMY94Qh 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
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[8{N Christine was an invalid all her life.
8?G534*r@2 (含义：她已不在人间。)
Ybp';8V Christine has been an invalid all her life.
=S< E[D{V` (含义：她现在还活着)
eK =v<X Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
~vw$Rnotz (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
6Gs B *hW Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
{ v#wU ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
p#>d1R1& qV:TuR-|w 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
B<!WAw+ Did you want anything else?
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=#@g I wondered if you could help me.
%^}|HG*i?? 2）情态动词 could, would.
OHK]=DH:M Could you lend me your bike?
?.6fVSa 一般将来时
YTV|]xpR I@l }%L c-=z<:Kf 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
?~WD l j3 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
v|GDPq Which paragraph shall I read first.
0%;y'd**Ck Will you be at home at seven this evening?
xL\R-H^ c] DRmN+2I 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
epQdj =h a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
zi= gOm What are you going to do tomorrow?
@%4tWE b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
C25 2E the play is going to be produced next month。
">!< OB c. 有迹象要发生的事
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h4qJ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
q+cx.Rc# CINC1Ll_24 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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v[|G4n We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
3FE=?Q <v[UYvZvY 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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He is about to leave for Beijing.
6}^6+@LG 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
m1,yf*U 现在进行时
x5"F`T>Y o.x<h"; @zAav> Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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B (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3iv;4e ; c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
v]e6CZwo the leaves are turning red.
<OA[u-ph%S It's getting warmer and warmer.
+ -OnO7f d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
M;zJ1 You are always changing your mind.
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2:tO " 典型例题
e!.r- v9 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
rIo)'L$uU A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
C|H/x\?zRv 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
+y\mlfJ.-b 过去进行时
*h Z{ > @-H D9h 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
} D0Y8 J sc`^a%`' 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
@>4=}z_e aK4ZH}XHE" 3) 常用的时间状语
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6*fXc this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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$y=oHh 1KWGQJ%%s My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
DP <[Uz& It was raining when they left the station.
TOvpv @?- When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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e NP< {WL# 典型例题
? > 7SZiC` 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
+(qs{07A$ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
NNM+Z: 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
_hbTxyj 3El5g0'G 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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noj1L( read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
s!Y` 1h{ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
0b~ { l; 比较过去时与现在完成时
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e %L;;W,l$`) $yY\[C O2 sAt3' 一般过去时的时间状语:
rbD}fUg yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
w +~,Mv \ ="Sa>-d o, 共同的时间状语:
,OilGT Q# this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
Mu?hB{o1 f~{@(g&Gl 现在完成时的时间状语
Jx(`.*$ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
s)<^Y ASg 不确定的时间状语
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l<7jM? 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
TDtS^(2A7K 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
? h*Ngbj> 举例：
%1Pn;bUU! I saw this film yesterday.
M],}.l （强调看的动作发生过了。）
(E.,kc AJ I have seen this film.
}#3'72 （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
|9X $@R Why did you get up so early?
L-}6}5[ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
NW t `X! Who hasn't handed in his paper?
uR:@7n （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
uN)o |7 She has returned from Paris.
+v7mw<6s 她已从巴黎回来了。
H(~:Ajj+zQ She returned yesterday.
IJ`%Zh{f 她是昨天回来了。
R z Os, He has been in the League for three years.
1JFCYJy (在团内的状态可延续)
])sIQ{P He has been a League member for three years.
aB N^J_ (是团员的状态可持续)
W8$ky[2R He joined the League three years ago.
4w\@D>@}H ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
%)|pUa& I have finished my homework now.
r}1 .=a {7%W /C#A ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
}KB z8M5 ---He's already been sent for.
#c?xJ&bh 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
y FYF Fv\? （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
%l#i9$s （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
