英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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rl _/O25% l 一般时
@/ k@WhFZ (T2m"Yi: 进行时
6"}?.E$ !>1@HH?I\/ 完成时
jRL<JZ1N i'\T R|qd 完成进行时
;amXY@RmH yiO. z 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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>=\. \ 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
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一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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yX2\i" should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
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_E!i 一般过去时的用法
6R^^ .tCs #_u~/jhX 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
%Z1 N;g0 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
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V4# Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
5 ;HH4?]p X*\ J_ 2）句型：
{E8~ Z8t
T It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
<%" b9T`' It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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o>g It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
OE- gC2&Bm It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
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j7; would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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'' I'd rather you came tomorrow.
\*<d{gZ~ X93!bB 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
@!1x7%]G I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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< 7yh /BZ1 比较：
c-0#w= 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
PGoh1Uu Christine was an invalid all her life.
uwy:t!(j (含义：她已不在人间。)
6g)G Y"49 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
*vwbgJG! * (含义：她现在还活着)
3z c U%* Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
z.;ez}6%V (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
q}?4f *W C Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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7 ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
CTZ8Da^ "[ZB+- |[0 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
LF& z 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
$arK( Did you want anything else?
QvKh,rBFVG I wondered if you could help me.
gq'Y!BBQy 2）情态动词 could, would.
]z/8KL Could you lend me your bike?
1`qMj0Y_ 一般将来时
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|5 c2'Lfgx4 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
1 oW ED*B will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
`3WFjU 5a Which paragraph shall I read first.
j YmR Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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ou 9C WezI+ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
OX? \<), a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
/YMj-S_b~ What are you going to do tomorrow?
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&Pn b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
P uA9X[= the play is going to be produced next month。
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kuU5O c. 有迹象要发生的事
j2StXq 3 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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n. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
koZ*+VP= We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
2db3I:;E 8m\7*l^D: 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
W rxP He is about to leave for Beijing.
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6F9 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
;5S9y7[i| 现在进行时
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+U7 irFMmI b Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
|Mu p8(gCk (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
'MUv5 T h She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
t^R][Ay& c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
"55skmD.P the leaves are turning red.
.oYl-.E>& It's getting warmer and warmer.
)_syZ1j d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
(2J: # You are always changing your mind.
aQ?/%\> P;=n9hgHI 典型例题
1PVtxL?1P My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
e6R}0w~G A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
B( LWdap~ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
Fq~yL!#! 过去进行时
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pDnRRJ! U\4g#!qj 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
@5=oeOg36 tZ: _ag)o 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
Z &Pg"a?\ :)wy .r;N 3) 常用的时间状语
A-Sv;/ yD_ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
l2zFKCGF( H[s(e5 6z =x%dNf$e{W My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
gp };D It was raining when they left the station.
GY6`JWk When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
T 6O::o6 rn/ / % 典型例题
6}gls}[0{e 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
bU>U14ix< A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
<C1H36p 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
Tzt8h\Q ^z m'Amli@[ 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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{UDZ read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
WZ-s--n# 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
prC;L*~8 比较过去时与现在完成时
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clJ &vo--V1| dbwe?ksh 一般过去时的时间状语:
I?h)OvWd yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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m[jy> |jQ:~2U| 共同的时间状语:
g y,h t3 this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
Pj#<K%Bz (_niMQtF} 现在完成时的时间状语
49rf7NT-g for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
~qcNEl\-y 不确定的时间状语
KK1 gNC4R ^W HE$4U` 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
*S]Ci\{_ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
[=E 举例：
?+_Gs;DGVE I saw this film yesterday.
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E （强调看的动作发生过了。）
DwaBdN[!7 I have seen this film.
M}`B{]lLz （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
=+/eLKG Why did you get up so early?
^"VJd[Hn （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
MC?,UDNd% Who hasn't handed in his paper?
w:%o?pKet1 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
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; She has returned from Paris.
a; rdQ> 她已从巴黎回来了。
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She returned yesterday.
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她是昨天回来了。
g$7{-OpB He has been in the League for three years.
O!zV)^r (在团内的状态可延续)
p M^9c7@!: He has been a League member for three years.
9 :fOYT$8 (是团员的状态可持续)
iocI:b < He joined the League three years ago.
H9KKed47d/ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
{ kp-h2 I, I have finished my homework now.
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$C 3t`P@nL0; ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
ji1 viv ---He's already been sent for.
* 1 T& 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
M8INk,si （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
4,..kSA3iw （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
