英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
Ba** S8{/` 9PMIF9
" 一般时
|"+Uf w^ l[rK)PM 进行时
j0s$}FPUI dlIYzO< 完成时
@PctBS<s RgZ9ZrE\ 完成进行时
W+$G{XSr5C 8_"NF%%(n 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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1 vtC4` 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
f8`dJ5i 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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fZj should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
}r!hm?e 一般过去时的用法
S4' <kF0z tw&v@HUP 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
"?<h,Hvi When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
P,9Pn)M| Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
"Mhn?PTq U4<c![Pp. 2）句型：
F=e-jKogK It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
~E!kx It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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<(M It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
-6~ .;M 5 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
@BF1X.4-+ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
#<ST.f@* I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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G$%F`R[ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
32j}ep.* I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
0;=- x" H-U _ 比较：
XmwAYf 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Q2uV/M1? Christine was an invalid all her life.
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F,O (含义：她已不在人间。)
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( Christine has been an invalid all her life.
-]H~D4ng (含义：她现在还活着)
BP0:<vK{ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
"Y=`w,~~ (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
7t:tS7{} Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Z0m`%(MJa ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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;}"Eqq : 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
m<#12#D 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
]| +M0:2? Did you want anything else?
kuV7nsXiQ I wondered if you could help me.
F!wz{i6\h 2）情态动词 could, would.
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hW< v5!, 一般将来时
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yg# @XV&^l - 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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&?x5aC> will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
n]ba1t8ZA Which paragraph shall I read first.
'2H?c< Y3 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
O 'mcN* D 5D *$IC 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
Mz p<s<BX a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
"J 1A9| What are you going to do tomorrow?
49$<:{ ~ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
MK=oGzK the play is going to be produced next month。
-}|L<~ c. 有迹象要发生的事
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E Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
Cp6 S2v I ir_XU/ve 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
dm 4Q'u We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
q"u, Tnc; xR/CP.dg 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
,,gMUpL7_8 He is about to leave for Beijing.
b0{i +R 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
si]VM_w6 现在进行时
@MES.g f^ui Zb lFjz*g2' Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
AG@gO m (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
rx 1u *L She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
J:yv82 c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
f+cb83}n] the leaves are turning red.
^l!SIu It's getting warmer and warmer.
4>*=q*<V5E d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
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t. You are always changing your mind.
gwoe1:F:J _O`p (6 典型例题
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%)3 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
xs ZG(Tz A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
:?6HG_9X 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
,8@<sF B' 过去进行时
J:@gmo`M;V $ZM'dIk? 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
I% YwG3uR 3W ?7hh 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
r 3' J{-kl \sNgs#{7E7 3) 常用的时间状语
5Z>a}s_i this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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!VWWUTm? My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
sFpg It was raining when they left the station.
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+ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
J@5iD RE>Q5#|c 典型例题
g i!_Nz 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
qp})4XT v A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
jIs>> 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
ojM'8z 0Hn ^~~Rto)Y 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
\ S;[7T read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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0 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
\?n6l7*t> 比较过去时与现在完成时
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|vs5N2_ ~+\=X`y 一般过去时的时间状语:
' [$KG yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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M'o|9 _&-d0'+ 共同的时间状语:
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this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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lz ?}?"m:= 现在完成时的时间状语
._rPM>B? for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
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. 不确定的时间状语
sC3Vj(d!i M(C">L]8 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
-Lq+FTezE 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
V(`]hH0;T 举例：
T_*i nPf I saw this film yesterday.
[<XYU,{R （强调看的动作发生过了。）
:?xH)J,imk I have seen this film.
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（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
[5&k{*}} Why did you get up so early?
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?)7 l （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
7hk< {gnr Who hasn't handed in his paper?
UwUHB~ <oE （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
gAq K/9; She has returned from Paris.
$#rkvG_w 她已从巴黎回来了。
xL15uWk- She returned yesterday.
W` x.qumN 她是昨天回来了。
xKu#O H He has been in the League for three years.
{Z c8 ,jm (在团内的状态可延续)
1hw.gn*JK> He has been a League member for three years.
Q"I(3 tp9[ (是团员的状态可持续)
kN/YnY*J< He joined the League three years ago.
|3~m8v2 - ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
C+' -TLeu I have finished my homework now.
(xo`*Q,+ !yv>e7g^ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
AUD) =a> ---He's already been sent for.
4 bk`i*-O 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
Fv]6 a n. （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
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（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
