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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 7M<co,"  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 6*:U1{Gl)  
    高等水力学   [288] Qn}M  
|#zj~>7?  
一、考试要求 (Q"~bP {F  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 U% OlYP$g  
Iz8gZ:rd0  
二、内容范围 |eqp3@Y1E  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 /L=Y8tDt  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 _|7bpt9  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 6L3i   
(3)连续性微分方程 dst!VO: M  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 $pauPEe  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 QObHW[:F  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 V`}u:t7r  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 aX? tnDv  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 JG@Zb}b  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 "Fz1:VV&  
(2)连续性方程 ohi0_mBz  
(3)能量方程 6foiN W+  
(4)动量方程 T>w;M?`9K  
(5)动量矩方程 cC9 haxW  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 _% i!LyG  
(1)有涡流动的性质 (?ZS 9&y}  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 ut.tf \c  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 = oTj3+7  
(4)有旋流动 [= Xb*~  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 Jt3*(+J>/  
(6)几个基本势流 oo|Nu+  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 '`j MNKn\  
(8)空化和空蚀 sU/vXweky"  
4.流动型态与边界层 1i;Cw/mr  
(1)层流运动 b1yS1i D  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 nI/kX^Pd  
(3)紊流的基本方程 x M{SFF  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 68~5Dx  
(5)紊流扩散 DuIgFp  
(6)边界层理论基础 R| XD#bG  
(7)壁面边界层 5>h/LE]"  
(8)边界层的分离现象 tg7QX/KX  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 g|M>C:ZT  
(1)流动阻力 z&z5EtFUTh  
(2)沿程水头损失 : :928y  
(3)局部水头损失 GN+!o($  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 A-u!{F  
  (1)明槽均匀流 (O/W`qo  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 ;8w CQ  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 6\? 2=dNX  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 (^m~UN2@~m  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 E,QD6<?[  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 3&R1C>JS ]  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 fC/P W`4Ae  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 CKX3t:HP0  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 &UAYYH  
  (3)特征线法 $5@[l5cJU;  
  (4)直接插分法 h<7@3Ur  
  (5)瞬态法 ;X+cS,h  
  U-D00l7C  
三、试卷结构 'tt4"z2  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 :\^jIKvZ  
ktM7L{Nz  
四、参考书目 ()Q q7/  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 $<L@B|}F)  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of .&n! 4F'  
无数innumerable ; countless wWM[Hus  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample (UZ].+)s  
非常多(大)的tremendous KLjvPT\  
依序列举list in sequence PgsG *5WQ  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic aJ[|80U  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived D#[<N  
不合时宜的anachronism 5=1Ml50  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time z}Um$'. =  
一再time after time ; again and again 9)uJ\NMy  
初始的preliminary u,]qrlx{  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former Kd*=-  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages tD,I7%|@  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult Kaji&Ibd  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated #$l:%  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 0 qW"b`9R  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly Lz!H@)-mr  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 0D0uzUD-  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities t+M'05-U2  
目前so far ; by far h)s&Nqg1B  
一次就可完成的事one-time event P1 |3%#c  
正/反意见(opinion) V7B%o:FZo  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove +`!>lo{X  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold ]l`V#Rd  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of ,[3}t%Da  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect bmh@SB  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior AYDAt5K_  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite ;D@F  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame n*caP9B  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts @~FJlG(n  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of RFq=`/>dG  
不会犯错的infallible 2iC BF-,  
意见不和clashes of opinion -h=wLYl@0i  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 5?|y%YH;R\  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 7| `_5e  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… l-5O5|C  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. j$4lyDfD  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to yM7FR);  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive olm'_ {{  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling TCi0]Y~a  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… :*-O;Yw?S@  
在大家同意下by common consent of… %VE FruM  
否定deny; withhold; negate Z7 ++c<|p  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede W #kLM\2L  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use hMgk+4*  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… 0* j\i@  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking '1d0 *5+6k  
想出come up with nN>Uh T  
找出come up with; find out oWggh3eXk  
利用use; take advantage of  < B!f;  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of zLPCWP.u  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over yr)e."#S  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… |aj]]l[@S  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority V'9OGn2v  
对…有信心have confidence in 0|{":i_s  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter bNoZ{ 7  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… @[1,i~H  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble 6!){-IV  
联系get in touch with; contact with 5oOs.(m|*C  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility >f;oY9 {m  
等于is equivalent to; equal |r4&@)  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out <!X]$kvG  
发出deliver; give out; hand over OQDx82E  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way W7 +Q&4Y  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from f%REN3=5K  
小看make little of y;hco  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working ul"Z% 1]  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from oJI+c+e"  
依靠count on; depend on Nt[&rO3s  
忽视neglect; give too little care to P[e#j  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being u7-0?  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account ^AO2%09.S  
考虑到in consideration of WhV>]B2+"  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength w aDJ  
开动initiate; set going n>%TIoY  
准备…brace for; prepare for S7CD#Y[s  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with /ZSdY_%s  
主动take the initiative WW~QK2o-@  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out EtcXzq>w  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of 2f 9%HX(5  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent ]8opI\  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind !i=k=l=  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard 2V*<J:;wb  
乍看之下at first glance @'S !G"\  
面对in the face of; in the presence of p* =9Ea:  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of e#4 iue7U  
不惜代价at all costs J_XbtCmt  
每况愈下from bad to worse .PJ_1  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes ivi&;  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to i)d'l<RA  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook 8f#&CC!L  
想法与作法beliefs and practices 79MB_Is]s  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists I4 4bm?[S  
关键时刻the critical moment O.P:~  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though zMN4cBL9m  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with 6.GIUM%D  
逃避问题evade the question e@{8G^o>D  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize 1He'\/#  
澄清clarify; make clear ,u<aKae  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for ,0[h`FN  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true ^'aMp}3iu  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize | ;P9S  
极端的radical; extreme Y<-dd"\  
极端的措施drastic measures _ ;_NM5  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left cwA+?:Ry}  
换言之in other words; put another way EK}f-Xei  
结果result; aftermath; consequence > 9wEx[  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit nA^UF_rD-  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell H?axlRmw3  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case ~*h` ?A0  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular bPtbU :G  
既然…now that…; seeing that… ?yt"  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion -kd_gbnr3  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness G>0 S( M)  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of KCkA4`IeM  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of q@x{6zj  
毕竟after all; all in all ef=LPCi?  
范围scope; field; realm wA<#E6^vG  
潜力potential; ISuye2tExq  
行为conduct; behavior; doings OQON~&~  
隔绝isolate; insulate G6(U\VFqO  
分辨出identify; recognize skn`Q>a  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand IU`&h2KZ.  
展开unfold  q E`  
回馈feedback fK|F`F2V  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person 9+\3E4K  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint .^S#h (A  
正在进行中is underway J34lu{'if  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture 8*^Q#;^~99  
立场position; stand; stance q|. X[~e|  
意向inclination; leaning; intention  `Up Zk?k  
特权privilege; a special right OIa =$l43C  
来自stem from; come from %<q l  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact X#mppMU  
交织intertwine; interweave . 4"9o%  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity ^t=Hl  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of H|H!VPof]  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn &41=YnC6  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim H1'`* }V  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous L "L@4 B  
探索explore; fathom RbJ,J)C>  
执行carry out; execute; do (DCC4%w"  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age aU3 m{pE  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection YB h :  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult ki#O ^vl  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid *BYSfcX6  
无缺点的flawless; airtight iXc-_V6  
无药可救incurable k, )7v  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable \Clz#k8l1  
细密的计划elaborate plan  `J^J_s  
取消cancel; annul; abolish ~l%Dcp  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; SnRTC<DDh  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma q#-szZQ  
机会平等equality of opportunity ysfR@ sH7  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country 1%|+yu1  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with Pq~"`-h7:  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous KE+y'j#C3  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure ,8g~,tMr+  
影响长远的far-reaching e@s+]a8D-k  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope x2.G1  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive lDNB0Ad  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious eP-q[U?$n  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate 8w~I(2S:#  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous B2%)G$B  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of t<9oEjk["  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand w*r.QzCu,5  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony WEUr;f  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance J[;c}  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding s,N%sO;  
生动的报导vivid description 3@?#4]D{'  
争取compete for; try hard to win <0vQHND,3  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance 9ulJZ\cQ  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter /yyed{q  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on &}VGC=F;d  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose +O}6 8 N  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge ox] LlRK  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum qr$=oCqa  
自满的complacent 3'O+  
第一流的first-rate; excellent &@c=$+#C  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary W+&ZYN 'E  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight LC K   
短视的决定short-sighted decision RS#)uC5/%  
真正的genuine; authentic; real *f$mSI=  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd Y.3]vno?X  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious bS<lB!  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention U2=5Nt5  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering QKYIBX  
背景setting; background 1[C,*\X8v  
假的fake; false; counterfeit $[}31=0  
夸大报导dramatize 1j# ~:=I  
退步setback ..3TB=Z#  
古人the ancients x"K<@mR5G  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic NQ !t`  
逃犯infringe (on); violate nM34zVy  
使害怕intimidate; frighten 6 9ia #  
带来生气enliven vUR{!`14  
对手rival C,hs!v6  
吸引人的intriguing `MlQPLH  
旁观者onlooker (]^9>3{|  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely nV,qC .z  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that t8\F7F P  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought $SRpFz5y$  
对比及其相关用词 ~tn*y4uK  
可互换的interchangeable |3/=dG  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) J"yO\Y  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent UGj!I  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to [94A?pn[z  
比作is likened to; is compared to Q}d6+C  
多样化的heterogeneous q6f+tdg=  
单一性的homogeneous @ U' g}K  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large /qed_w.p  
满于现状be happy with what you are T=(/n=  
预测未来project into the future Xa=oryDt  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… NE,2jeZQ.  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… >N62t9Ll[  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors aTuD|s  
那并非说… that does not mean that… ~m8".Z"  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as 6X~.J4  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… x2=Bu#Y  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from _t|| v  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist @X+ m,u  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: dKTyh:_{  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check E;/WP!/.  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… "XlNKBgM  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: "3.v(GVr  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe FeoI+K A  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible GK .^Gd  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended k\BJs@-  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… !iA 3\Ai"  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue  a?S5 =  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable r+n0M' ;0  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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