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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 4<y|SI!  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 [eZ'h8  
    高等水力学   [288] CQ^I;[=d  
 G L8 N!,  
一、考试要求 ky0,#ZOF  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 O`FuXB(t  
brClYpp,h  
二、内容范围 `]m/z a%7  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 )kK" 1\m  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 wm s@1~I  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 IXt cHAgX  
(3)连续性微分方程 5H |< h  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 \'Ewn8Qv8  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 ~.f[K{h8  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 31n|ScXv  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 C;.+ kE  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 ts~$'^K[-  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 SM8m\c  
(2)连续性方程 /S\y-M9  
(3)能量方程 NzuH&o][  
(4)动量方程 }Q%fY&#(bp  
(5)动量矩方程 jj*e.t:F  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 N~@VZbS(6  
(1)有涡流动的性质 O4w:BWVsn  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 o= N_0 .  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 C*fSPdg?  
(4)有旋流动 {glRX R  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 )./.rtP|4  
(6)几个基本势流 PM!7ci  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 ~TEKxgU  
(8)空化和空蚀 _Q3Ad>,U  
4.流动型态与边界层 Al(u|LbQ  
(1)层流运动 /o=,\kM  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 U?:<clh  
(3)紊流的基本方程 .+TriPL  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 'L0{Ed+9  
(5)紊流扩散 :g[G&Ds8  
(6)边界层理论基础 Ug|o ($CY  
(7)壁面边界层 k(v8zDq*  
(8)边界层的分离现象 2 !^[x~t  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 K?o}B  
(1)流动阻力 ,lly=OhKb  
(2)沿程水头损失 ,3{z_Rax-  
(3)局部水头损失 t"@: a Y"  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 r&|-6OQZZ  
  (1)明槽均匀流 cn4C K. ?  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 $*{$90 Q  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 LF~=,S  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 w*Gv#B9G  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 M7(vI4V  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 G/Xa`4"_  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 ReCmv/AE  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 f*g>~!  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 rwlV\BU  
  (3)特征线法 2dr[0tE  
  (4)直接插分法 cmIAWFj-)e  
  (5)瞬态法 7FVu [Qu  
  n NI V(  
三、试卷结构 4><b3r;T'  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 In0kP"  
|*N.SS  
四、参考书目 Mc9P(5Bf  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995  KZL5>E  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of YizJT 0$  
无数innumerable ; countless &{* [7Ad  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample .bvB8VOrW  
非常多(大)的tremendous GD|uU   
依序列举list in sequence K,' ]G&K  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic b^PYA_k-Xn  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived ?N#mD  
不合时宜的anachronism /yIkHb^c   
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 4D[W;4/p  
一再time after time ; again and again zb~!> QIz{  
初始的preliminary au5 74tj  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former >i]r,j8!  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages UioLu90 P  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult ~LHG  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated Rs8`M8(4%  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times .0#?u1gXsX  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly R{@WlkG}  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life "VkraB.i  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities of8/~VO  
目前so far ; by far 2#ha Icm"  
一次就可完成的事one-time event fT/;TK>z>  
正/反意见(opinion) z)q9O_g9  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove SwG:?T!"}  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold FbJlyWND  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of "m _wYX  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect P$Xig  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior ?^2(|t9KU  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite #G|iEC0C  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame S!2M?}LU  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts CP'?Om2  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of {G/4#r 2>  
不会犯错的infallible ]gHw;ry  
意见不和clashes of opinion Bh"o{-$p8`  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement !V$m!i;  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate d>)*!l2,C  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… ;a XcGa  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. /'u-Fr(Q+  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to QK% {\qu  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive /^ i7^  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling !BP/#  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… D^]7/w:$-  
在大家同意下by common consent of… +S5"4<  
否定deny; withhold; negate Im+<oZ  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede BEx? bf@|]  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use s6lo11  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… LS+ _y <v=  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking c-z ,}`  
想出come up with Z[R E|l{  
找出come up with; find out -[|R \'i  
利用use; take advantage of d0"Hu^]  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of /9,!)/j  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over UIi;&[   
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… $5jQm,V$K  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority IKMkpX!]  
对…有信心have confidence in HJo&snT3  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter z8G1[ElY  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… <kN4@bd;  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble J70#pF  
联系get in touch with; contact with 2w>WS#  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility WUm8 3"  
等于is equivalent to; equal =&;orP  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out c Owa^;  
发出deliver; give out; hand over ig5 d-A  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way ON.C%-T-  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from 47 xyS%X  
小看make little of HT0VdvLw  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working 1G$fU zS  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from UmUw> +A  
依靠count on; depend on j*+[=X/  
忽视neglect; give too little care to gBp,p\ Xc  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being (KtuikJ32^  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account n}/?nP\%  
考虑到in consideration of ~~>`WA\G5,  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength .sI*\@w.  
开动initiate; set going ySAkj-< /P  
准备…brace for; prepare for sQUJ]h  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with NbgK# ;  
主动take the initiative +a1Or  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out {w:*t)@j  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of ~Cc%!4f'  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent W%&t[ _21  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind T'_#Dwmj*  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard 5:y\ejU  
乍看之下at first glance O&BNhuW2  
面对in the face of; in the presence of (=&z:-52V  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of c=d` DJ  
不惜代价at all costs WXHvUiFf  
每况愈下from bad to worse "#}Uh  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes = VIU  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to Ao?y2 [sE  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook QIl=Ho"c  
想法与作法beliefs and practices =u\W {1  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists p+x}$&<|  
关键时刻the critical moment RJ}%pA4I  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though '`s\_Q)hG_  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with oZ]^zzoEcg  
逃避问题evade the question wFbw3>'a9  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize -Cn x!g}  
澄清clarify; make clear +"}#4  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for lZ,w#sqbY  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true ,:[\h\5m  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize GZxPh&BM?  
极端的radical; extreme %"[`   
极端的措施drastic measures `@<>"ff#F  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left 0*J},#ba$  
换言之in other words; put another way $sILCn  
结果result; aftermath; consequence x*'2%3C~  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit yC&u^{~BC  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell ^7Z#g0{^w  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case 7&`Yl[G  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular /Fj*sS8  
既然…now that…; seeing that… '_q&~M{  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion tD^$}u6  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness Cl>|*h+m  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of MSqW {  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of /OD@Xl];K  
毕竟after all; all in all Mg~62u  
范围scope; field; realm %\f<N1~*  
潜力potential; XpH d"(*  
行为conduct; behavior; doings vu@@!cT6e  
隔绝isolate; insulate d~abWBgC`  
分辨出identify; recognize [gaB}aLn  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand )NLjv=ql  
展开unfold GT 5J`  
回馈feedback a{ p1Yy-]  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person Ghf/IXq#  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint b QgtZHO  
正在进行中is underway h+DK .$  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture QTIC5cl,  
立场position; stand; stance "1wjh=@z  
意向inclination; leaning; intention g/+|gHq^  
特权privilege; a special right -|2k$W  
来自stem from; come from Pi5($cn  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact *@eZt*_  
交织intertwine; interweave \AOHZ r  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity ,1 ^IFBJ  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of HSj=g}r  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn z P8rW5/  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim \Lg{GN.  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous |>/m{L[  
探索explore; fathom MlV3qM@  
执行carry out; execute; do 9Pql\]9"o  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age |.?$:D&6  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection FT6~\9m(  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult @MxB d,P  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid :yFmCLZaQ  
无缺点的flawless; airtight ,uL}O]L  
无药可救incurable Y' O3RA5E  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable \:jJ{bl^A  
细密的计划elaborate plan MDauHtF,  
取消cancel; annul; abolish Ey&gZ$|&  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; \ZtF,`Z  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma xM_+vN *(  
机会平等equality of opportunity ~=t K17i  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country 8Z>=sUMQ  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with RYV:?=D7s  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous ~\UAxB=  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure ' 1D1y'  
影响长远的far-reaching 'RpX&g  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope C zxF  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive lNx:_g:SrZ  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious /TScYE:$HE  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate Cznp(z  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous UF;iw  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of k3UKGP1  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand _)MbvF  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony Y))x'<T'Q  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance cIg+^Tl  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding /{!?e<N>  
生动的报导vivid description [4b_`L  
争取compete for; try hard to win S3sxK:  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance 6Gh3r  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter sh;>6xB  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on u .,l_D_  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose }5=tUfh)]'  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge a[7 Lqu  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum tjbI*Pw7(  
自满的complacent J'@`+veE  
第一流的first-rate; excellent `Zd\d:Wyv  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary M"E7= J  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight {xCqz0  
短视的决定short-sighted decision /XXy !=1J  
真正的genuine; authentic; real 2Z7r ZjXW  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd %Mr^~7nN  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious ,7ZV;f 81  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention []hC*  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering  f~w!Z  
背景setting; background p>= b|Qy|  
假的fake; false; counterfeit {v U;(eN  
夸大报导dramatize $kd 9^lj#[  
退步setback ( !0fmL  
古人the ancients L(DDyA{bA  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic l@`Do[  
逃犯infringe (on); violate ]OLe&VRix  
使害怕intimidate; frighten ;CLOZ{  
带来生气enliven !b8.XGo  
对手rival )GR4U8<>g  
吸引人的intriguing % jSB9  
旁观者onlooker XY!0yAK(!  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely Yqb3g(0   
突然醒悟it dawned on me that Jo4iWJpK  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought i^hEL2S/A  
对比及其相关用词 BTDUT%Yfg  
可互换的interchangeable :4/37R(~l8  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) WnL7 A:sZ  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent D"8?4+  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to [(m+Ejzi%  
比作is likened to; is compared to DLd1Cl:"~:  
多样化的heterogeneous =pd#U  
单一性的homogeneous -^$`5Rk  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large x@? YS  
满于现状be happy with what you are ^!rAT1(/_  
预测未来project into the future }fh<LCwTi  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… ~TYpq;rq  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… Mq52B_  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors ,racmxnv  
那并非说… that does not mean that… L)X[$:  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as &NH[b1NMr  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… /Suh&qw>  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from 7& 'p"hF  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist h?P- :E  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: >>%E?'9A  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check #83pitcc  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… OE=.@Ry"  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: fVz0H1\J&  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe ~_a$5Y  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible 7f>~P_  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended \S0QZQbz/  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… )4^Sz&\  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue  }~Ir &   
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable -lS(W^r4  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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