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主题 : 写作经典错误与分析
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楼主  发表于: 2009-02-16   

写作经典错误与分析

  一. 不一致(disagreements) iNJAZ6@+  
  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等. _2O uskL  
  例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to . [4>r6Hqxr  
  (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.) b[srG6{ &  
  剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致. dIJGB==  
  改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 7/"@yVBW  
  二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers) yW("G-Nm  
  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus. g$w6kz_[  
  剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末. jDTUXwx7V  
  三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments) )6{P8k4Zr  
  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生. <hv7s,i  
  例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on . jNc<~{/  
  剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句. Wc|z7P~',%  
  改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper. _whF^g8  
  四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers) Spgg+; 9  
  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了. M|r8KW~S)  
  改为: K-(;D4/sQE  
  when i was ten, my grandfather died. wmYvD<  
  例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential. D|Si )_ Iz  
  剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚. rk,p!}FqL  
  改为:来源:考试大网 U$'y_}V  
  to do well in college, a student needs good grades. VAKy^nR5j  
  五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech) LgHJo-+>  
  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等. <xlm K(  
  例1. none can negative the importance of money. _M5Xk?e=  
  剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。 a)S7}0|R  
  改为: cy1jZ1)  
  none can deny the importance of money. ?/d!R]3  
  六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns) D1Yh,P<CF\  
  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句: $bGD%9 z  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. A]?^ H<  
  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。) / Z!i;@Wf  
  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为: -0 0}if7  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. G9RP^  
  例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself. nbxR"UH  
  剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为:  Oh`2t c-  
  we can also know society by serving it ourselves. <v$QM;Ff  
  七. 不间断句子(run-on sentences) HC7JMj  
  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 CLN+I'uX0  
  例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world. Q)^g3J  
  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 5 =Z!hQ}  
  改为: ~m`!;rE  
  there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: g-@h>$< 1  
  there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside J70D+  
  world /#t&~E_|  
  八. 措词毛病(troubles in diction) n q;#_Rkr  
  diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 K/Y Agg  
  例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. O9]\Q@M.  
  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) ._<ii2K'  
  剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 77Q}=80GU;  
  改为: )U(u>SV(\  
  the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. Y<LNQ]8\G  
  九. 累赘(redundancy) )5yj/0oT  
  言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如: ?R6`qe_F  
  in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him. S,vu]?-8  
  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:in spite of his laziness, i like him. T1N H eH>  
  例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. crn k|o  
  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。 P s#>y&  
  改为: R&So4},B  
  diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. Rd! 2\|  
  十. 不连贯(incoherence) :ba/W&-d  
  不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 Hed$ytMaGz  
  例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. jXR16|  
  剖析:the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。 6?SFNDQ"C  
  改为:来源:考试大 _D-Riu>#J  
  fresh water is the most important thing in the world. uva\0q  
  十一. 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage) dlD}Ub  
  所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。 Y4To@TrN#\  
  例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
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