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楼主  发表于: 2009-10-16   

考博英语写作技巧

本来想上传附件大家下载的 可是没有找到怎么传 只好贴上来给大家看看了 希望能有用!
开头万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] 8b-7]%  
[font=ˎ̥]1[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式一:名人名言[font=ˎ̥] XAw2X;F%  
有人问了,[font=ˎ̥]我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?[font=ˎ̥],很好办:编![font=ˎ̥] "w>rlsT<O  
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?[font=ˎ̥] Jw2B&)k/  
经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] dz{#"No0  
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”
(适用于已记住的名言)[font=ˎ̥] W^^K0yn`@  
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. i:C.8hmAE  
(适用于自编名言)[font=ˎ̥] mYntU^4f  
更多经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] .UNF~}^H  
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… B0 6s6Q  
2
[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式二:数字统计[font=ˎ̥] s>LA3kT  
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。[font=ˎ̥] W/#KX}4  
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:[font=ˎ̥] 7h(HG?2Y  
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college VI(RT-S6  
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. >L#];|  
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:[font=ˎ̥] b\k N_  
Honesty Is4%}J!8  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中[font=ˎ̥]78%都是假的。[font=ˎ̥] CkmlqqUHC  
Travel by Bike z8 hTZU  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。[font=ˎ̥] u)<Ysx8G  
Youth h`z2!F4  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的[font=ˎ̥]70%都是在休闲娱乐。[font=ˎ̥] Ly#h|)  
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? \;nD)<)J  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]98%的人同意每周五天工作日。[font=ˎ̥] %4?SY82  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] mle_*Gy8  
A recent statistics shows that … L!CX &  
结尾万能公式:[font=ˎ̥]  f$:7A0  
[font=ˎ̥]1[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式一:如此结论[font=ˎ̥] Mfnlue](  
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个[font=ˎ̥]总而言之[font=ˎ̥]之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:[font=ˎ̥] o ?:;8]sr!  
Obviously
(此为过渡短语)[font=ˎ̥], we can draw the conclusion that good lcu("^{3  
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. <dju6k7uz  
如果读者很难[font=ˎ̥]显而见之[font=ˎ̥],但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了![font=ˎ̥] t/l!KdY$  
更多过渡短语:[font=ˎ̥] Ha46U6_'h  
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus i /O1vU#  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] o0,UXBx  
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… *(?U  
2
[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式二:如此建议[font=ˎ̥] /e-ka{WS  
如果说[font=ˎ̥]如此结论[font=ˎ̥]是结尾最没用的废话,那么[font=ˎ̥]如此建议[font=ˎ̥]应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽![font=ˎ̥] />dB%*  
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve RB S[*D  
the problem. 3::3r}g  
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?[font=ˎ̥] 3q~":bpAp  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] c8 bca`  
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. yt/20a  
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be SREDM  
taken. S5:"_U  
写作的[font=ˎ̥]七项基本原则[font=ˎ̥]:一、[font=ˎ̥] [font=ˎ̥] [font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] )LXoey!aZ  
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:[font=ˎ̥] N0y;PVAGu  
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is ^4xlZouCb  
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to uR06&SaA>  
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite ?D*Hl+iu  
similar. T..N*6<X  
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记![font=ˎ̥] fP^W"y  
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、[font=ˎ̥] aGq_hP   
[font=ˎ̥] [font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] [?|l X$<  
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成[font=ˎ̥]群龙无首[font=ˎ̥]之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事![font=ˎ̥] d&PE,$XC  
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的![font=ˎ̥] w>NZRP_3  
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully R`Ys;g/!  
prepared before the exam
(主题句)[font=ˎ̥]. Without sufficient preparation, .c=$ bQ>^  
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、[font=ˎ̥] p^pQZ6-  
[font=ˎ̥] [font=ˎ̥] 三原则[font=ˎ̥] Z/V`Z* fy  
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点[font=ˎ̥] L:t)$iF5+  
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的[font=ˎ̥]标签[font=ˎ̥]来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。[font=ˎ̥] ~>}dse  
1
[font=ˎ̥]first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] 6i9Q ,4~  
2
[font=ˎ̥]firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] xWenKY,  
3
[font=ˎ̥]the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] n&2=6$*,k  
4
[font=ˎ̥]in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, 3X-{2R/ 3  
lastly
(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] sx)$=~o  
5
[font=ˎ̥]to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] _H^^2#wc/  
6
[font=ˎ̥]to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] gZ `#tlA~  
7
[font=ˎ̥]first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] <eud#v  
8
[font=ˎ̥]most important of all, moreover, finally vc>^.#7   
9
[font=ˎ̥]on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] ;3.T* ?|o  
10
[font=ˎ̥]for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] :w {M6mM>  
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、[font=ˎ̥] 短语优先原则[font=ˎ̥] S+_A <p  
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点[font=ˎ̥]精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:[font=ˎ̥] F'?5V0\he  
I cannot bear it. W[[YOK1T  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. GM9]>"#o\  
I want it. ?FY@fO?es  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I am looking forward to it. ;i-D~Np|  
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、[font=ˎ̥] 多实少虚原则[font=ˎ̥] T0*TTB&b  
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说[font=ˎ̥]nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如[font=ˎ̥]generous, Gpxb_}P  
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital , IMT '*  
之类的形象词。再比如:[font=ˎ̥] W{$+mow7S  
走出房间,[font=ˎ̥]general的词是:[font=ˎ̥]walk out of the room nL7S3  
但是小偷走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]slip out of the room 4Rrw8Bw  
*****走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]sail out of the room *FLT z(T  
小孩走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]dance out of the room 2t]! {L  
老人走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]stagger out of the room 8eS@<[[F#  
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、[font=ˎ̥] 多变句式原则[font=ˎ̥] %`s9yRk9>E  
1
)加法(串联)[font=ˎ̥] G8 <It5CU  
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加[font=ˎ̥]and, H~_^w.P  
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:[font=ˎ̥] A\PV@w%A i  
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. sxC{\iLY%  
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:[font=ˎ̥] o{-USUGj7  
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. `aX}.{.!  
其它的短语可以用:[font=ˎ̥] zOu$H[  
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover AVevYbucB  
2
)转折(拐弯抹角)[font=ˎ̥] oVuj020  
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。[font=ˎ̥] p- (ADQS  
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. w_z^5\u0  
The coat was thin, but it was warm. ?w5nKpG#RI  
更多的短语:[font=ˎ̥] si mX  
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, B'BbTI,  
despite, notwithstanding fY\tvo%  
3
)因果([font=ˎ̥]so, so, so[font=ˎ̥] T=f;n;/>  
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友[font=ˎ̥]可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系![font=ˎ̥] kmwrv -W  
The snow began to fall, so we went home. GE3U0w6WbK  
更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] IDk:jO  
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a # V9hG9%8  
result, for this reason, so that .pu`\BW>  
4
)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)[font=ˎ̥] CK`3   
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。[font=ˎ̥] Q]?J%P.  
举例:[font=ˎ̥]This is what I can do. , LPFb6o  
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. Xde=}9  
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:[font=ˎ̥] pvwnza1  
When to go, Why he goes away… 4z  3$  
5
)附加(多此一举)[font=ˎ̥] :c/=fWM%  
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。[font=ˎ̥] Y"\T*lKa  
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 3L!&~'.Ro  
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. yI|?iBc7nC  
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. ) ImIPSL  
其实很简单,同位语[font=ˎ̥]--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句[font=ˎ̥]借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是[font=ˎ̥]whom ` Ehgn?6'  
or that
关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。[font=ˎ̥] 2mp>Mn~K^  
6
)排比(排山倒海句)[font=ˎ̥] N,+g/o\f  
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势![font=ˎ̥] ,c %gwzU  
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated _.8]7f`*Gc  
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. _TcQ12H 5<  
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such  9DAwC:<r  
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean Ly/~N/<\  
tides. wm`"yNbD  
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, :<7>-+pa  
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.
(气势恢宏)[font=ˎ̥] A)a+LW'=u  
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、[font=ˎ̥] 挑战极限原则[font=ˎ̥] #w?%&,Kp  
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀![font=ˎ̥] =xWW+w!r  
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上[font=ˎ̥]5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:[font=ˎ̥] eS%6 h U b  
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb UlZ)|Ya<M  
the Western Hills. *8eh%3_$h  
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about tfIBsw.  
three times that of China. =<uz'\Ytv%  
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪![font=ˎ̥] GIl{ wd  
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例[font=ˎ̥] 5:3$VWLa <  
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子![font=ˎ̥] WjxBNk'f  
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted s+G9L)b'  
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as q$*_C kT  
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. sWzXl~JbF  
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will e7AI&5Eg{  
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the t7%Bv+Uo  
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. uXa}<=O  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] @!HMd{r  
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, T<,tC"  
for example
二、做比较[font=ˎ̥] fBh|:2u  
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;[font=ˎ̥] BrmFwXLP"  
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点([font=ˎ̥]through l zkn B  
comparison
)和不同点([font=ˎ̥]through contrast)。下面是一些短语:[font=ˎ̥] GB Un" _J  
相似的比较:[font=ˎ̥] e%7P$.  
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 9cPucKuj  
相反的比较:[font=ˎ̥] D)$k{v#~  
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, Lh$ac-Ct  
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, j`hbQp\`  
三、换言之[font=ˎ̥] <xz-7EqbwX  
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。[font=ˎ̥] G?(:Z=  
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字[font=ˎ̥] I love you! 0 1w/,r  
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. Cagq0-:(p  
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love 82l";;n4p  
with you. 0$uS)J\;K  
或者上面我们举过的例子:[font=ˎ̥] WL]'lSHa  
I cannot bear it. 88U  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. ;:1mv  
因此可以这样说:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with $$>,2^qr&L  
it or I am fed up with it. 2Vr'AEIQ  
更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] t')I c6.?i  
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more .6(i5K  
simply
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沙发  发表于: 2009-10-26   
谢谢分享,顶一下哈
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板凳  发表于: 2010-03-05   
谢谢,好资料啊
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