考博英语介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。
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4%jSqT@ 这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:
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t+WUz#i" [ 3SbWwg 考博这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。
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-v WXL 1,G f;mcQ 这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。
6$$ku /{X2:g { (1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.
f+dj6!g5/ !='&#@7u 正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)
?[Qxq34 L)Ru]X` (2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.
mt3j$r{_ o>4GtvA* 我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)
}W R?n 3H/4$XJB (3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.
Jro%zZle V IU4QEW`x 随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)
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L.\O 这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)
1{X ;&y lAPvphO (5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.
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o@0p kFHtZS( (6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.
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:,r 冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)
T"$yh2tSY n XOJ (二)with+名词十介词的结构
/!Ng"^.e H#;-(`F (1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.
<);Nc1 AR-&c 3o 麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)
u`vOKajpH$ DVq5[ntG (2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.
2,X~a;+ GwoN= 在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)
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amn\#_( (3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.
2Y@:Vgg RMx$]wn_ 力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合峁蛊鸩钩渌得髯饔谩?
~)JNevLZ v}$KlT (4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.
}qf)L. dt(#|8i% 碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)
Ok=RhoZZ ljij/ C= (5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.
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$W Qf|=xV,F 火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)
Xk_xTzJ I'h6!N" (6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face.
'@ym-\, Ls#=R 在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)
ESl-k2 #l6L7u0~wC (三)with+名词+形容词的结构
S(c ,Sinc ,&;#$ b5 (1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons.
v:MJF*/ 8v},&rhPQq 我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。)
1Y"[Qs]"mU v(?^#C>6W (2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant.
Cw<bu|? d?RKobk 在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。)
|-Z9-rl z:hY{/- (3) An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms, each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms.
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Kf<-PA 4+t9"SD (4) And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter,
Ds4n>V,o OXy>Tlv 介词短语
www.great2008.com N#-P}\Q9 x[+t 介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。#p#分页标题#e#
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1us-ootsjP 这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:
c}a. 'k=GSb ·with+名词+分词
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.0l0*~[ 4^T@n$2N ·with+名词+形容词
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*ip2|2G$ e_Na_l] 这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。
X/ TAbd[:2{F (一)with十名词十分词的结构
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8 这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。
`+_UG^aeW eMk?#&a) (1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.
rPVz!(;k ;Wa4d`K 正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)
8RJXY:% lf4V;|!^ (2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.
w]b3,b @= f2\hU 我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)
LAG*H Az.(tJ X" (3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.
n?vw|'(} q<mDs$^K 随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)
)N`a4p xc[LbaBG (4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation.
_5'OQ'P2 ?N2/;u> 这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)
U4]>8L fHTqLYd- (5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.
>S4klW=*I LaL.C^K
底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。)
+g8wc(<ik |=H*" ( (6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.
CR*R'KX D% Hn"xn79nc 冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)
e;KZTH; 5MsE oLg (二)with+名词十介词的结构
www.great2008.com ~ B0L7}d Lc ,te1 (1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.
2_@vSwC 8&FnXhZg4 麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)
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V";"Ei (2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.
>SO !{ q{/>hvl 在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)
rbl EyCR `OzcL (3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.
X;JptF^ %_xRS 力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。)
4qq+7B 2O\p`,. (4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.
$_s"16s k(|D0%#b7 碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)
1U[8OM{$ +*"u(7AV (5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.
V_pWf5F UJ-IK|P.# 火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)
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{@K>oaZ 39| W(, 在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)
pyA;%vJn : vN'eL|# (三)with+名词+形容词的结构
XOsPKq !#0Lo->OO (1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons.
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0fTK 我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。)
4/Ub%t- o HqBNTyH (2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant.
9PXG*r|D E ,5XX;| 在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。)
;&B;RUUnTO V8`o71p (3) An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms, each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms.
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cU]@j}2 )}QtK+Rq 不带电的物体含有大量原子,每个原子通常含有等量的电子和质子,但是有一些电子暂时脱离了原子的束缚。(with+名词+形容词的复合结构,对句子起补充说明作用。)
+"1@6,M H4C ]%Q (4) And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter,由于水的存在,在火星上找到某种生命的可能性的前景就光明得多了。 (with water present作原因状语。)examda
wLn,x;;< ]PWK^-4P (四)with+名词+动词不定式的结构
*?sdWRbu}l d/I,` (1)In outer space,with no swaddling atmosphere to diffuse it,sunlight is infinitely more powerful than on earth.
uE {r09^q\ wrw4Uxq 在外层空间,由于没有大气保护层对阳光的保护作用,那里的阳光要比地球上强烈得多。
M7U:UV) | Q0Wv8/ (swaddling“襁褓”,这里有“保护”的含义。with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)#p#分页标题#e#
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M'i TmI~P+5w (2)At present,about 80 different metals are known to man.But with so many metals to choose from,the question arises:which metal shall we use?
VK>ZH^- ~z;G$jd 目前,人们已知的金属大约有80种。由于有这么多的金属可供选择,于是便产生了一个问题:我们将采用哪种金属呢?(with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)
A HnXN%m y8oqCe) (五)with+名词+动词不定式的结构
www.great2008.com N]yh8"7X &y\7pAT\ (1)In outer space,with no swaddling atmosphere to diffuse it,sunlight is infinitely more powerful than on earth.
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+b]., 在外层空间,由于没有大气保护层对阳光的保护作用,那里的阳光要比地球上强烈得多。
pBo=omQV -8Z;s8ACo (swaddling“襁褓”,这里有“保护”的含义。with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)
eI20)t`j pZeJ$3@vk (2)At present,about 80 different metals are known to man.But with so many metals to choose from,the question arises:which metal shall we use?
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Ekbq= 目前,人们已知的金属大约有80种。由于有这么多的金属可供选择,于是便产生了一个问题:我们将采用哪种金属呢?(with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)