过去分词与形容词的语义差： 0 p ?AL=
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things <+-n
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the destructive power of modern weapons )\ceanS
Damaged: being in a bad state z fv@ <'
emotionally damaged children Ie!&FQe2 q
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements oKCy,Ot<
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 0VSIyG_Z
Respectful: feeling or showing respect 3MFT P5 ~
They listened in respectful silence. L;u 5
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Fd\uTxykp
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. sdg2^] |
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 1 ' U
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. JJ
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Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. S-q"'5>
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 69)" T{7
Lovable: a sweet lovable child su%-b\8K
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. #f24a?n|
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. zpT^:Ag
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds T=tW'tlT\v
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. [B; okW
虚拟语气 LdG? kbJ&y
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 cMZy~>
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ah,f~.X _|
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 f0sLe 3
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) (9I(e^@]
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) fEXFnQ#
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 #J&3Zds
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 NL$z 4m0
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) :G@z?ZJ[
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) |YROxY"ML
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ?#
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ial{A6X
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 9gw;MFP)D
(1)不定式作表语 SgewAng?@o
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 27Z
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To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 -_t4A *
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 "ymR8 y'
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 .cJoNl'q
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 /-FV1G, h
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 NJsa TBT
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 :VP4: J^
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 @,.D]43
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. XyN
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． mTtaqo_Bh
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Vq]ixag2^
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 B_ict)}ld
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 Xrb7.Y0d
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 L $_% T
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. .c }+kHv
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． >"!ScY n
(3)分词作表语 i%.NP;Qq]M
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： q{9 \hEeb
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 [nig^8
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 kH hp;<
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 ;:
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disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 xkRMg2X.>9
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 J78.-J5 j0
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 2
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 C `_/aR6
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 y*
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 _x(hlHFk
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 _N|%i J5
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 HJ ]v-
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 kE<CuO
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 Qb?a[[3
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 +^(_S9CO
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 xk~g GT&
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： |#o' =whTl
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 Q /?`);
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 VnW6$W?g
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 b gBvzV&'8
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 +Xw%X3o)
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 \u`P(fI!K%
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 D% o(HS\E
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 u]NsCHKlT
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 .q
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 1 jB0gNe
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 }O~D3z4l0
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 :'w xm3f
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 5PeYQ-B|
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 m]
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 I= :yfW
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 l[[`-f8j
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 aMe &4Q
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 k IS )*_
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 5(CInl
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 #\X) | p2
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 %52 e ^,//
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 [/hoNCH!
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 }\<=B%{
