过去分词与形容词的语义差： ?Imq4I~)
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things 5 Sm9m*/
the destructive power of modern weapons { }Q!.
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Damaged: being in a bad state 5 Yj qN
emotionally damaged children *Df wTbg|
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 4HG;v|Cp
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. -9W)|toWb"
Respectful: feeling or showing respect YGFE(t;lPU
They listened in respectful silence. g-)izP X
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. )nE= H,U?y
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. G (joamfM
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
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4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. P`^3-X/
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. CNP!v\D
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 4 k%y *L
Lovable: a sweet lovable child G)5R
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. LkvR]^u0
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Dfz3\|LJ
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds eI99itDQ
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. iR(=< >
虚拟语气 tAPn? d5
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 tE=;V) %we
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 3(&f!<Uy
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 _TLB1T^/4
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) *BdKQ/Dk
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) TjDDvXY
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 M uI>ZoNF
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Q6qIx=c4
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) 4zo^ b0v
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) ]]"O)tWHj
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ;-]' OiS;
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. SHcFnxEAIH
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 cpLlkR O
(1)不定式作表语 tRC*@>I$
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 A [c1E[
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 Gn?NY}.S
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 T5<851rH
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 PAYS~MnV@3
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Sj(5xa[
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 ]wxjd
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3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 ,; D$d#\"
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 C
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The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. j-$F@p_2F
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． \ img
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 @'AjEl:&-_
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 +`RQ ^9
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 _ J t
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 xCTPsw]s
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. /}kG$ ~
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． y3+iADo.p
(3)分词作表语 VZ3{$0
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分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： m8ApiGG
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 E3
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 3xX ^pjk
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 V zTHW5B
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 %iq8dAW%
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 &# <
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 Y#<>N-X|kA
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 7TU(~]Z
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 &l8elj g
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 1Qk]?R/DN
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 $o%:ST4
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 UKpc3Jo:~
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 E#zLm
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 U_KCN09
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 J`[v u4
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 7 .y35y
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： n@te.,?A"
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 F%ffnEJg
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 )R^ &u`k
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 \=&F\E V
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 6* 6 |R 93
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 aN?^vW <
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 =1r!'<"h
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法
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cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ,^1B"#0{C<
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 :*I=' M9B
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 H8!)zZ
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 OK" fFv
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 34F;mr"yp
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 (.p i ,+Ws
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ],-(YPiAD
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 7 h#*dj ef
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 XGb*LY+Db6
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 lj /IN[U/
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 EC/=JlL`5
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 hw({>cH\
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 6L<QKE=
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 e'A 1%g)
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ;_ S
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