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医学博士英语写作总结
医学博士英语写作总结 w-Fk&dC69
一、原则与要求:不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!!2-5个长句!不写或少写短句!!12-15句话。 'O9=*L)X 'qE 二、摘要的结构、写作大纲 f4}6$>) *pp1Wa7O 推荐结构 1 导言段 2正文段 (正反两方面) 3 结论段 &S]v+wF f@L{*Upj+ 保守结构 1原文结构 2原文要点 3 无结论 BxYA[#fd} V.:A'!$# 点睛1.文章分段; 2.充分利用标题;3.段段都有主题句;4末句重复主题句(首尾呼应) bz]O
(` !H\GHA'DO] 三、三种类型 K9'*q3z
3HR]T Q%r 如何做how to do sth;描写议论what’s it and why is it so;综合型what’s and how to do tC-KW~& v*'\w#
常用句式:记住what, how ,why写作思路,以及正反两方面分别论述! :exuTn x~tQYK 如果涉及到使用主语是可用the author/essay , 不用第一人称 my me I等!!! RNtA4rC># tdF[2@?+ 四、现场写作技巧 @A'1D@f# @$K q<P ①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。②翻译标题,有标题就译,充分引用标题(标题嵌入首段的末句),没有标题不能加。③三段式,导言+正文+结论,不用第一人称,注意客观性。或者按原文要点格式!④主题句,段段都有,复合句不宜太短。⑤规范主题句,结论有标志。⑥末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。⑦起草摘要,切忌照抄或逐字翻译,要用自己的语言,摆脱原文束缚,达到摘要的目的。整理修改,使文章简练,同时使用连接词,使文章具有连贯性和统一性。 gi@ji-10 ?Zp!AV 五、写作中几个禁忌 j)6B^! *r$.1nke 1.逐字翻译;2.引用过细,例子、数字、人名、地名等;3.引用故事,原话(除非故事占大部分内容);4.被原文牵着鼻子走。5.使用原文意以外的称呼或个人观点!? =2)t1 H h]$?~YE 六、摘要文章的框架:内容为医学科普文章,时间和字数:50分钟;约200词,大约是12-15个句子?左右。假定是三个要点分三个小段落。 D-:<]D:
D#}Yx]Q1 七.To begin with,“首先” ;First of all,“第一” ,“首先”; In the first place,“首先”; jNG?2/P6& VSpt&19 总结 时间?200个词的大概句子总数?2-3句亮点? PeU
d OK?3,<x 背诵模版:This essay focus on the topic of…… that ……. However,why did …happen? ,what should be done to? Y\Qxdq K#f`_SCW With the speedup of/increasing ……, /Now an increasing number of people come to realize that …… Y!1^@;)^ VIYksv
It is said that/Accumulated data have indicated that…… Q}?N4kg /.kna4k 结尾总结回应主题Taking into account all the factors listed above, the author/paper reaches the conclusion /suggests that concerted efforts should be made to;have access to ;.Oh88|k >yA,@%X hp]ng!I{\u L+~YCat|$U 医学考博写作常用核心关键词汇 j*La,iF $,e?X}4 1.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病,霍乱(传染病)=cholera,acute gastroenteritis;aloe ['ælәu] n. 芦荟, 芦荟叶汁 5hH6G L740s[,`o# 2.虫媒insect pollination,entomophil;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease:vector-borne infectious diseases:malaria,dengue fever, schistosomiasis,and viral encephalitis/yellow fever疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病;肾病综合征:nephrotic/renal syndrome; :ONuWNY
N _L4<^Etfm 3.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热;arthropod-borne virus encephalitis 节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎; l'7Mw%6{ YD='M.n\
4.爆发流行:break out, burst out,explode; an epidemic outbreak of,outburst ,explosion o!=lBfI LE<u&9I\ 5.传染:infect/infection/ infectious,catching,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable; communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 .mT#%ex eN]>l 6.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission q
M_/ NlF0\+h 7.传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation ksu}+i,a {C/L5cZ]J 8.污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate xI@$aTGq xBL$]> 9.福祉 well-being, happiness;衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile 5PGlR!^ r:c@17 10.sensual肉欲的, 色情的, 世俗的, 感官的, 感觉论的 f2O*8^^Y{Q jD ' 11.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的 <G~}N &c!j`86y* doctor-patient communication=communication between doctors and patients;history, complain of, complaint, examine;Sanlu scandal三鹿事件; food safety/security;闲逸carefree r zM Fof %XP_\lu] 13.Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.做最好的打算,最坏的准备。 yn/?=
?0 'yPCZ`5H( 14.人体十大异常指标 9Fy\t{ks +Lm3vj_N 1).前列腺病(增生hyperplasia,炎inflammation)Prostate diseases cOSxg=~>u `z|=~ 2)乳腺hyperplasia of mammary glands , mas’titis 乳腺炎ga’lactophore 乳腺 $!YKZ0)B'0 ,vPe}OKj 3).子宫颈 cervix uteri diseases; uterus→uteri子宫,cervix子宫颈 $Wit17j }P<Qz^sr_ 4).血脂 blood fat abnormality5).脂肪肝fatty liver;6).高血压 hypertension uiktdZ/f 1. #
|QX 7).转氨酶transaminase=aminotransferase8)子宫肌瘤 hysteromy’oma=myoma of uterus 9).高血糖 hypergly’cemia10).卵巢囊肿 o’varian cyst,直肠结肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon 亚健康 sub-health |@ikx{W -O|& |