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A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition "GMU~594
This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting. Most [@@{z9c
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parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat
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and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive BN*:*cmUl
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the food is the more nutritious it is. However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has w=KfkdAJ*/
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lead to malnutrition among many city kids. This is indicated in a survey recently made in FjCGD4x1N
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What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most kcS7)"/ zC
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inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism. The energy it I\*6
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supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of gC}}8( k
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calories. If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be ixA.b#!1
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used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body. }
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Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition. @}y.
Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food oq7G=8gTp
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containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done ;6/WjUDw<|
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without. Vn5T Jw
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Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD) 5W)ST&YPL*
In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological .B]l@E-u
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consultation(PC) they used to reject. In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the 'K4FS
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consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related I)mB]j
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questionnaires carefully. PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China. i#-v4g
Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have Z3]I^i
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such obstacles. There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding ^m z9sV
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and lack of PC. In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological @v2<T1UC
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healthcare service for students. Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about m(8Tup|
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PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their n^nE&'[?0g
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mental obstacles. Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice. N|DfE{,
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Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into 2j+w5KvU
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obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide. 2|;|C8C
University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and ^Wld6:L{I
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grown into a unique course in universities. Though it contributed to students’ healthy h]<S0/
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growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both &D3]O9a0;
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students and faculties.
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Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先 zyS8LZ-y9
Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, [e><^R*u
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hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions. However, scientists find _=$~l^Y[
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that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits. This
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article discusses this problem and the solution to it. {N~mDUoJ|
First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old b/_Zw^DPC
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people. Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged htB7
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because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Third, more bean OG}890$n
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food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein. Fourth, light food EA~xxKq
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should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular N|i>|2EB
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diseases. Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, ^ = C>
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metabolism and cardiovascular balance. |!(8c>]Bo
In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first d.f0OhQ
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significance to the health of the aged and a long life. I7vP*YE 7F
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Writing Drill 6 {jD?obs
Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical F/2cQ.u2
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diseases. It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying. These methods have /D"T\KNWr
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different functions. Vu(NP\Wm
Laughter activates over 80 muscles. In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help jN+`V)p
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improve digestion. Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by D:9
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stress. Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, k$v7@|Aw
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diabetes, etc. that medication alone can’t do. u8 k^\Do
Many diseases of today are caused by bad mental conditions, work and stress, family W\[E
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problems, etc. Medication doesn’t usually effect in these cases because it doesn’t treat rv[BL.qV
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the cause of the ailments. Behavioral prescription, with its physical and mental massage ScJ:F-@>
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like sports and dancing, can help patients stay off the cause of their diseases. Therefore, q[/g3D\G
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it is advocated by many doctors and health experts. n^QDMyC;I
It is expected that behavioral prescription will applied more widely as an effective therapy fyUW;dj
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in the near future.f 7h9oY<W
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Writing Drill 7 Smoking and Health {$ N\@q@v~
It is not until recently that smoking has been firmly proved to be hazardous to health. It a?Om;-i2`S
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irritates the throat and respiratory passages. It sometimes leads to poor appetite, nausea, BfCib]V9C
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short breath, and irregular heartbeat. More importantly, smoking is associated with chronic F4(;O7j9
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and fatal diseases of respiratory tract. Evidence shows that smokers are more likely than e7G>'K
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nonsmokers to develop cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue, and jaw, emphysema and bronchitis 5YZ\@<|rH
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as well. As a result, many nations have made enormous efforts to warn people of the dangers 0jpy
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of smoking. R U[
While smoking, particles of tobacco tar and smoke slow down the work of cilia. The tar 5NSXSR9c
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collected in the lungs can cause cancer. Moreover, nicotine in tobacco can be simulating by y^p%/p%
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affecting various centers on the medulla oblongata region of the brain. It can affect other \@2sI
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physiological process that in turn affect the respiratory center in the brain. It can also :Z
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influence other centers that slow down the action of the heart, constrict the arteries, and "2"*3R<Y
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cause vomiting. XeBSHvO_
In brief, smoking does nothing but harm to people’s health. Therefore, smokers of any age MD:kfPQ
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or kind should try to give it up. ~?A,GalS
这篇短文的主旨是说明吸烟对健康危害及造成危害的原因,通读全文,根据其要点可以分为四个部分:1 "ZVBn!
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)吸烟有害;2)吸烟有哪些具体的害处;3)为什么吸烟会有害,亦即其致害机理是什么;4)总结:吸 _jb"@TY
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烟有害要戒烟。 TAYt:
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻 nBiA=+'v
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Writing Drill 9 Handwashing and Health zsRN\U
Hospital infection is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality. The risk of transmitting `TsfscN
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pathogens by the hands of health care workers (HCWs) is increasingly big today. A simple and &FvNz
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effective way of prevention is handwashing. nt[0krG
But it is found that HCWs don’t always wash their hands before and after patient contacts. ;%z0iZmg
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Semmelweis, a Viennese doctor in 1847, believed that high puerperal fever rate in some wards /s*>V@Q
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was caused by the hands of some medical students. He ordered that all students wash their n_ez6{
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hands with chlorinated lime before and between all patient contacts. As a result, the rate qu
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fell sharply. His methods were used by some other hospitals but his beliefs were ignored YV940A-n
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largely at that time. x)yf!Dv5$
In the 1980s, a government health organization recommended that handwashing be imposed. But &lS0"`J=
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it has not been well compiled, even in ICUs, despite some efforts to improve compliance. The q@-qA]
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traditional handwashing practice has not been changed yet. (MIw$
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HCWs have their own excuse for the resistance, such as no time, skin irritation, etc. Some i
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say they have done it but surveys prove otherwise. With more multidrug-resistant pathogens
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on the increase. HCWs have to know that handwashing means health. HCWs: wash your hands #
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before or between patient contacts. @ty|HXW
本篇短文主要讲了通过洗手防止和减少医院获得性感染的问题, 这篇短文总的说来结构比较清晰,总结 ge oN4
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归纳起来相对容易,摘要写作当中,首先要将摘要分成三个部分,先象一般的论文一样写个引言,介绍主
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题,其次写Semmelweis首先发现了医务工作者不洗手而接触病人会造成感染,而洗手可以减少这种感染及 %Nn'p"
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引起的死亡率,尽管他的方法没有得到当时医学界的认可,最后是结论部分,写20世纪80年代,政府健康 JAz;_wS(k
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机构也要求强制洗手,但执行情况并不尽如人意。 VT7NWTJ,
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,细节引用尽量地少,这样才可以 tp^'W7E
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向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性强,抓住了要点。 %$xFnGb
Writing Drill 10 Dangerous Factors in Maturing ^e,RM_.
On their way to adulthood, adolescens are faced with many dangerous factors. These may $
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include sexual encounters with HIV carriers, violence, mental and sexual abuse, drug abuse, K-u/q6ufK
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smoking, as well as the negligence from the adults. fLoV
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What can doctors do to make the teenagers’ world a safer place? Perhaps we should first FO=1P7
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call for attention from the medical profession to the long ignored needs of teenagers. Some Y7)@(7G)\
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critics suggest that adolescent medicine become a medical subspecialty for more and proper QZox3LM1&.
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attention to teenagers’ needs. Of course, there are some difficulties such as policymakers T
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’ focus on more general practitioners whereas adolescents are poorly served by the medical 9%14k
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Adolescents deserve primary care that is attentive to their special needs. The best way is a[g|APZz
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to encourage policymakers to be interested in adolescent medicine. One of the ways for this X",0VO
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is to require most medical students and trainees to master the skills needed to treat jsd]7C
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teenagers. ca*[n~np
Writing Drill 14 Psychological Care of Medical Patients 8{]Gh 0+
There are more and more physically ill people accompanied by psychiatric morbidity, which {b0&qV
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can be physically and mentally harmful if not treated promptly and properly. M2Fj)w2
However, there is a lack of psychiatric care of these patients, which has to be addressed in S} Cp&}G{P
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no time. There are some cost-effective treatments for psychiatric disorder in physically ill yUmsE-W
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people. But few hospitals arrange formal services for these patients, which may not be 33'lZubV
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efficient in the future. Some health service reforms have also affected the formerly aC~n:0v
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cooperative relationship between psychiatrists and general hospital doctors. Pressure on _s^:zPl
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beds in both psychiatry and general medicine makes the already difficult task of caring for F0'A/T'ht
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