西南大学博士入学考试英语试题(2012) .wv!;
Part I Vocabulary (10 points) OJH:k~]0!
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there 5NECb4FG
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the bAl0z)p
following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet HxmCKW!
1. A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme which [
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it has received from another station. B hnwb0b<
. UIl^s8/
A. rely B. relay C. relate D. reside mp x/~`c
2. The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year ^MZdht
in Vienna, was a very meeting. k-M-=VvA
A. productive B. overwhelming C. compulsory D. protective P=jbr"5Q:
3. A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately and ZdJer6:Z}
how to calculate ratios and averages. i%R2#F7I
A. static B. statistic C. statistics D. status U.@j!UrZ
4. If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so that G2x5% `
you assume that they will behave in a particular way. L'J Ekji"
A. assimilate B. simulate C. stereotype D. subordinate K)`\u7Bu
5. Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that G *
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makes what we read ours. 2Rp'ju~O)/
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. furnishes D. minimizes #^bkM)pc
6. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middle N!e?K=}tL
of the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door. w C0fPPeA
A. gliding B. cruising C. piloting D. patrolling EPz$`#Sh"
7. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly _S(]/d(c
from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars. ~!,Q<?
A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination 9%?'[jJ
8. Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have "5-S:+
been able to dispel ideas about these creatures. Cz\(.MWNZ
A. erroneous B. misdemeanors C. misgivings D. misdirection !S/hH% C
9. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and _cZ`7]Z
ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____ and R;X8%'
development. s68EzFS
A. evolution B. survival C. rivalry D. dignity S!GjCog^J
10. To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ of #pxc6W /
life in a short time, and this made others astonished. :zC'jceO
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A. accelerate B. operate C. generate D. utilize {Y9m;b,X
11. Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____ W?"Z>tgp
surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945. F6T@YSP
A. conditional B. infinite C. everlasting D. unconditional $a6&OH/
12. It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people who '"5"$)7
could hardly keep their body and soul together. Y.?|[x0Wh
A. hypothesis B. paradox C. conflict D. dispute XbJ=lH
13. The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’t &50Kn[
want to do sports every day. E0c5
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A. cumulative B. formidable C. eternal D. prospective fV3!x,H
14. The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced them to give money just as they were about to knock off. eb:mp/
A. shot B. frightened C. amused D. menaced _tQ=ASe0
15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the gU/\'~HG
department store made a _____ of the stored goods. V9"Kro
A. clearance B. reduction C. fortune D. deal q+32|k>)
16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery of dCcV$BX,K
information, thus making more information available to more people. \1RQ),5 %]
A. formulated B. facilitated C. furnished D. functioned ?|+bM`
17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought,
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but they are inseparable in fact. IgC)YIhd
A. indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently C9Fc(Y?_
18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother /U)w:B+p/g
tongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith. %yQ-~T@
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes Tp<=dH%$%"
19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in ;4F[*VF!w
English teaching.
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A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers >S{1=N@Ev=
20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in 8pDJz_F!{
understanding the universe. "S[VtuxPCU
A. essence B. content C. texture D. threshold ~srmlBi6
Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points) WLNkO^zb
Directions: <g,k[
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 9A3Q&@,
There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by X~G"TT$)
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices C(iA G
marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on pq-zy6^
the Answer Sheet. \s<iM2]Kl
Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the I U4[}x
big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary )l30~5u<J
of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% 'L3 \ I
of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of +#Ov9b
them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care h{<^?=
because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with ~z|/t^
developments in medicine. PU?kQZU~)
The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical iyH<!>a
boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even Di-"y, [
a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 #wM0p:<
doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on 30<dEoF
probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. `r>WVPS|
The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the *A,=Y/
federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under kmov(V
the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered 8%
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unsatisfactory. 8%`Sx[
Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. Of the 35 {_[l,tdZ
doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly gs'bv#4yd
populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were R>gj"nB
a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as yuI5#
VUS
up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help tvb hWYe
for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, 'a"<uk3DT
which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people $yCj80m\
should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care. An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the pd7FU~-
country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is `+zr
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setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical P9%9/ B:-
expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation Y
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of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural ~}ewna/2
areas. (V=lK6WQm
21. The main topic of the passage is . /#,<>EfT
A. the present situation of American doctors 4&|9304<H
B. the legislation on rural medical services 5utj$ha2
C. the problems of country doctors and possible solutions }qlz^s
D. some factors of disqualification of country doctors )YnB6@=nyk
22. According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who P_ZguNH
give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT .
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A. taking drugs and drinking alcohol le[5a=e(
B. feeling remorse of their bad behavior E&K8hY%5
C. being professional unskillful {H>iL
D. being sick and conservative >eRbasshEI
23. Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors? )m)>k` 0
A. 1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine. T+.wJW:jh
B. The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those :nXBw%0x
unqualified doctors. S3oU7*OZ
C. Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in 9td(MZ%i~N
densely populated urban areas. G3OQbqn
D. Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors =8J\;h
give them. 6Q wL
24. It can be inferred from the text that in the near future . &<> A
A. there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas !*\^-uvaK
B. there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and _* `AGda
urban doctors m[8#h(s*t
C. country doctors are competitive in breaking medical records TLV)mCZ
D. more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment ev@1+7(
25. The paragraph following the text would probably discuss . i$
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A. problems of urban doctors 67sb
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B. other solutions to improve the present situation nC*/?y*9
C. research in medical science @'U4-x
D. reduction of staff in rural hospitals }=L
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Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Cy2X>Tl"<E
Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in 1R:h$*-z
inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a kO9yei
thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped O;zW'*c+
bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally qxrOfsh
one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, ]O \6.>H
it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same TfxKvol'
amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall. $Z,+aLmb
Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a # K-Q/*
magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or 0FW=8hFp,
dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can E7D^6G&i
see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. . =+7H`A
Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the Iq52rI}
water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. g
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From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is LnL<WI*Pq
to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small m|y]j4
that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. +GGj*sD
Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in dEL>Uly
the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this Kfr?s
X
way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules `2Z=Lp
around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella }1>a 71
are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment. \\T
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26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? OGVhb>LO1
A. The characteristics of bacteria L%<1C\k
B. How bacteria reproduce urN&."c
C. The various functions of bacteria ?+!KucTF
D. How bacteria contribute to disease N,O[pTwj
27. Bacteria are measured in __________. vxm`[s |QC
A. Inches N;w1f"V}
B. Centimeters Gmwn:
C. Microns (5I]um tge
D. millimeters );6zV_^!
28. Which of the following is the smallest? }Yt0VtLt
A. A pinhead C +IXP
B. A rounded bacterium Nhf!;>
C. A microscope ;EJ6C#}
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D. A rod-shaped bacterium (I+-wki"e
29. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a v|"{x&I.
microscope that magnifies 100 times would see ___________. 3)xV-Y9
A. tiny dots ?e@Ff"Y@e
B. small “hairs” 'Hg(N?1"
C. large rods EmH{G
D. detailed structures mkWIJH
30. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to vSX
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which of the following? ]EK"AuEz`
A. A rider jumping on a horse’s back o+nU {
B. A ball being hit by a bat k/LV=e
7
C. A boat powered by a motor e"bF"L
D. A door closed by a gust of wind. 55;xAsG
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. /Ly%-py-$
Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from )~5`A*Ku
individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. 0VbZBLe
Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon )sL:iGU
monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with \nJrjH
A
hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a fLys$*^)^
growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in `$i`i 'S
vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to Mpj3<vj
replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as A$
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compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. ?>,aq>2O$
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and {
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simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in R#r?<Ofw4
part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they Bf7RW[ -v
do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. }^QY<Cp|
These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely 9M7{.XR,
to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the ZSbD4
|_
atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed Qn<<&i~
natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious H,uOshR
liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces jeJGxfi i
fundamental limits on supply. Ek4a
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Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other v5*SoUOF
carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would ck
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require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is B0YY7od
commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive plp).Gq
as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most Bz24U wcZ
attractive feature , however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle un\"1RdO
emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant. PvA%c<z
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is R{*p\;
based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest P
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design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for 5[ @4($q8
example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy is`a_{5e=
that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to !867DX3*
be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be HDC`g
designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone ” vehicles fueled with b|xz`wUH0$
methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the -Y+[`0$'
simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still #7g~Um%p
contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution. zL>nDnL 4
31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________. 5v?6J#]2
A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem. L=VuEF
B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem.
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C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem. aoCyYnZD
D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it. AU
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32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with O,DA{> *m
gasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________. )"q2DjfX*
A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons. kiXa2Yn*(d
B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions. 1ra}^H}
C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure. i/WYjo
D. gasoline is composed of small molecules. NW~n+uk5v
33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution? rb9x||
A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not ; xs?^N|
help lower urban air-pollution levels. 1 iE
B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle (D))?jnC
emits have been largely unsuccessful. 8mMrGf[Q\
C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants HeR-;L
emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles. <Q%o}m4Kt
D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source AR)&W/S)7,
of urban air pollution. ogPxj KSI
34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of ;;UvK
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methanol? >yT:eG
A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol. JP[BSmhAV
B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution N>@AsI
system. Oa*/jZjr
C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels. D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels. zQ7SiRt7*
35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticism %M ~X:A;4
of methanol in the last paragraph as __________. v6iV#yz3(
A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based. =<FFFoF*C_
B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments. {KODwP'~
C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus. @8Co5`CVl
D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics. Oq|pd7fcgm
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. CK.Z-_M
Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres hcM 0?=
differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to -6Cxz./#yS
one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the E7y<iaA{~
stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond +dR$;!WB3
slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image. NjL,0Bp
Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains ,TP^i 0
of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that q"
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handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits --- part of the great brain t?{E_70W
reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think %!x\|@C
rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, 5P+3D{
amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested >WG$!o +R
chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing {8b6A~
/
style. 1\_4# @')
Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as Qp%kX@Z'
a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and kg+"Ta[9
each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain YdIV_&-W
became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of O{LWQ"@y
the moment M="%NxuS
The next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce 4B!]%Mw;c
these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in mtmtOG_/=
a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left #^#N%_8
cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells %p@A8'b
on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that Gz$DsaG
the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete / ijj;9EB
areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of 4*d_2:|u
the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity. sd.:PE <
Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why :^! wQ""
left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word Q]7r?nEEhW
sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning. p}O@%*p.
A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can $UO7AHk
understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l eft brain can still decode the D)f hk!<
words-- -but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a P g7W:L7
common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have {v<Ig{{V
something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful u!X[xe;
connections. |OuZaCJG
36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain z`m-Ca>6
if _______. Qx'a+kLu9
A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheres d),@&MSN
B. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the .\LWV=B
brain qEX59v
C. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up ` _[\j]
D. the person can match the image with an object 37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in 23&;28)8
________. );7csh%
A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates wzT+V,
B. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use tools F2OU[Z,-]
C. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationally 'xvV;bi
D. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons #li;L
38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics jZe]zdml
EXCEPT _________. (a@cK,
A. with different processing style WcbJ4Ore
B. with shared mental faculty ;m@>v?zE
C. each side contributing in a complementary `p*7MZ9-
D. grasping the foreground and the background of the moment
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39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes? a(BWV?A
A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences. Uw<Lt"ls.
B. Their left brain can still decode the words.
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C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”. 3eFD[c%mN
D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions. .ikFqZ$$
40. The best title for the text may be __________. w~&bpCB!
A. Left Brain, Right Brain ] l}8
B. The Local of Global Image at
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C. Human Brain and Animal Brain
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D. The Smart Brain g6;O)b
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. IgR_p7['.
(此文不全) h&;
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The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives ~|R"GloUw
pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might UIIunA9
be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as 8!S="_
largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and ZsNUT4
metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only 3[-L'!pOX3
ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month VL7zU->
study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no u
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other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company. !N?|[n1
Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination %l5Uy??Z
and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain w!8h4U.
;
chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait -- not the disease, {SCwi;m
but only a single abnormal gene -- makes blacks more vulnerable. /$/\$f$
Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American LtXFGPQ f
companies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this %~}9#0h)
area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other &yp_wW-
companies who believe possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At q J@XVN4
least, not now but officials at Du a leader in the chemical industry with annual =Q[5U9
gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to ;UArDw H
turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the *-ZJF6
workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to Q~ te`
determine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more \b{=&B[Q$'
tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and li$(oA2
loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure. CQ"5bnR
The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but j]M$>2;
debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of 7z5AI!s_
a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of the trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell +*lSB%`aS
anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show 87r#;ND
no symptoms of the disease. G\ru%
41. What does the author say about Du Pont?
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A. It examined the blood of some blacks gM^ Hs7o,
B. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood. Kw"7M~
C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness. :
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D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals. cRI&cN"o
42. What do Du Pont officials say? jaFBz&P/#
A. They are trying to protect blacks form health threats. W7_X=>l
B. They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems. A)/_:
C. They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter. B14z<x}Q
D. They hope that other companies can follow their example. P!0uA
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43. What is true about genetic screening? 3tA6r
A. It often aims at black employees. PL%U
B. Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia. [(F.x6z)
C. Some companies do not want to do it. ri.;
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D. The US government strongly supports it. jLM1~`&
44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____. )8!""n~
A. powerful. BwEO2a{
B. complex. Cevl#c5p>
C. thick. zr-HL:js
D. poisonous.
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45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait? jL<:N
8
A. Their number is about 50,000. 4703\
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B. They usually seem to have normal lives.
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C. They include over half of the black population. v1oq[+
D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals. iT227v!s
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. bzF>Efza
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens NhU~'k
spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group 1I{vBeMj
Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. -r@fLkwg
Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price )+OI}
tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. {P&{+`sov
To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem iVu
outrageous. Why do some parents give in? YC8wo1;Y!
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According lmi,P-Q
to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements ~:'tp28?
each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-,and GL-v</2'U
skin-filled shows on MTV and you’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they Hk
VnTC
should own if they want to fit in. MKf|(6;~
“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom Vogele, a single father 2Tec#eYe
of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to zkt`7Pg;J
raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but qIS9.AL
because so many forces are working against me.” $P&{DOiKS
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, ZP~Mg
z{f
says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at u1a0w
Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt IO3 p&sJ/
involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money >HNBTc=~t
is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities. kl%%b"h'
“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a o@:${>jw
busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said. xY4g2Q
J
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for S52'!WTq
designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those E)sC:oO
families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling _/
V<iv
the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible. C# zYZ JZ
Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving 5|O~
children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how x3DUz
they can save up for whatever they want, he says. 3r^Ls[ey
And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell :j^IXZW
kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents,” he said. [x{z}rYH
46. In the first paragraph, “Northbrook” is most probably _______. S:B$c>
A. a market research company based in Illinois f euAT
L]
B. a spokesman for the Teenage Research Unlimited t2x2_;a
C. the base of the Teenage Research Unlimited @};
vl
D. the city where the spending survey was carried out. {g9*t}l4
47. Some people find it outrageous that . I]GG mN
A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spending x{DTVa
6y2
B. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so much L a>fvm
C. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spending LV2#w_^I
D. some children disregard their notorious spending habits [}$jO,H5r
48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media? ^?M# |>
A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding. =/5^/vwg
Y
B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising. 5Ve`j,`=<
C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs. wqxChTbs
D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend. >}T}^F
49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly /a,"b8
because __. Bnp\G h
A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children. RGgePeaw
B. they want to make up their guilt for their children. p!>5}f6
C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children. %$Dn);6=
D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them >:Y"D
X-
50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending tm1#Lh0
habit? 0Q7|2{
A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending. MgO_gFr
B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits. p[Zk;AT~
C. They should be responsible for providing for the children. Rp+Lu
D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children. R ;k1(p
Part III Cloze (10 points) VTUSM{TC
Directions: l{I.l
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. |&"/
u7^
This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, L35]'Jua
and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which 2=
Y8$-
often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the }y1r
yeW<
hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry D&o~4Qvc]
bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, z6*r<>Bf+b
but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For LC7%Bfn!
most people, the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too ,|g&v/WlC%
Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered KV 8Ok
bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_ NR,R.N^[
personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be j.!5&^;u4
_59_ with happiness. m\oxS;fxWi
There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. e45)t}'
health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases 6u'E}hAx|
it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one rf^u&f
sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves 0GW69 z
more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on _63_, and are happy as
F}.R-j#
long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it w i ll enjoy life if it has food d\R "?Sg
and warmth and opportunities for an _65_ night on the tiles. Your needs are more l)e6*sDZ,
complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized #@' B\!<@=
societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too _66_ to be forgotten. ? o&goiM
People proposed to themselves some one paramount objective and _67_ all impulses #eF,*
d
that do not minister to it. A business man may be so _68_ to grow rich that to this end yIf^vx_G
he _69_ health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no _70_ {Mb2X^@7
remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble K8/jfm
example. 1+"d-`'Z2O
51. A. eagerly B. reasonably C. reluctantly D. Rh!m1Q(-
unwisely <isU D6TC
52. A. succeed B. enrich C. win D. xU2i&il^!
defeat D9H%jDv
53. A. at the expense of B. by means of C. in need of D. for fRxn,HyV
fear of Y3#8]Z_"}O
54. A. compensated B. supplemented C. accompanied D. qu.AJ*
accumulated 37biRXqLH
55. A. prosperous B. rigorous C. vigorous D.
.:XX c
gorgeous E@%1HO_
56. A. even B. though C. unless D. if Z<W f/
57. A. extravagant B. deficient C. excessive D. ?^J%S,
adequate o^/ fr&,9
58. A. whatever B. whenever C. however D. KzX)6|g{"
whosever mq}U
Uk@
59. A. incomparable B. incompatible C. incapable D. c_,pd
incredible 7L!}F;yT
60. A. spiritual B. material C. economical D. social nTw:BU4jd
61. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. otherwise D. hence &> _aY #
62. A. flaw B. error C. defect D. fault -tx%#(?wH
63. A. intelligence B. imitation C. impulse D. Q"Exmn3p
impression 1;+77<