(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 ?{\h`+A
1. 充当句子的状语。 MH|R @g
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 !o\e/HGc!
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 RLfB]\w
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) MqRJ:x
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. >65\
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 10^FfwRfM
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 5,?^SK|'x
真题剖析 3Scc"9]
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. -6$GM J7
45. A. For 5YYBX\MV
B. As a|z@5r%
C. With 'xGTaKlm,
D. Because
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练习: C8D`:k
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Z>pZ|
8. A. is Y|buQQ|
B. having )r
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C. being a%5/Oc
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D. be }ld^zyL
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(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 yW&ka3j\
虚拟语气(2) e'->S g
1. (should)+动词原形 ij1YV2v
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 28vQ
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 45&Rl,2
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 [&kz4_
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 ~K"nm {.
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 RFX{]bQp9
would rather +动词过去式 =.w~qL
真题剖析 Cj$:TWYIh[
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … |a%Wd
47. A. do '8[;
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B. did -hc8IS
C. don’t vmh>|N4a7
D. didn’t RC?vU
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. {
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53. A. ordered Vf<q-3q
B. pleaded %NM={X|'
C. decided D$@2H>.-
D. demanded .(3ec/i4CF
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. SPXvi0Jg
15. A. took H \'1.8g/
B. would take EiG5k.C@
C. will take /0$fYrg>J
D. should take <fF|AbC:
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 1vxQ`) a
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) '.M4yif\g
54.A. shall v5@M 34
B.will )(_NFpM
C.would (m6V)y
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D.should *ra>Kl0
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(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 P|Gwt&
动名词、分词、不定式。 4 Yv:\c
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) SOn)'!g
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) d4*
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To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 u&^KrOM@#
真题剖析 "j8)l4}
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. N-_APWA
60. A. dropped Em^~OM3U$q
B. to drop .a7RGT3]m
C. dropping MkL2I+*
D.drops 0y+^{@lU
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. b9m`y*My
59. A. destructive '^>}
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B. dissatisfied 6u lx0$
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C. damaged oBo*<6
D. derivative tx~,7TMS/
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(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 Nw$OJ9$L>
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 At?|[%<`
How you got there doesn’t concern me. {59
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. XsQ81j.
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 Tx!t3;Yz[
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 6p*X8j3pW
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 ?]$<Ufr
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 &1yJrj9y
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). z k/`Uz
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 W"\}##
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 'z
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 5X=1a*2']
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 2[ofz}k]r)
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) #e-K It
Either my father or my brothers are coming. i .uyfV&F
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 O>qlWPht
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. z$R&u=J
真题剖析 *3fl}l
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. I3Z?xsa@Z
53. A. none or3OLBf* Q
B. few :_6o|9J\t
C. any kC%H E
D. some * @]wT'
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(五)考博英语语法:倒装 [mu8V+8@d4
全部倒装 slPr^)
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” PiM(QR
There stand big buildings in this district. iKE&yO3
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 4"kc(J`c
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) nUpj+F#
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 7FcZxu\