虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 57N<OQWf
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一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 w (,x{Bg\
(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 U XS+GAWU
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 cPl$N5/5
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 _ =(v? 2:?
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 m?)F@4]
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. * ^%ohCU i
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” P 9# }aw+
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” J\ ?
I wish that he weren’t so lazy. q[.,i{2R}
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 38RyUHL=
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. 0^MRPE|f5
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
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I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 T
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I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 T!H }^v
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 F)tcQO"G
(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 qP[jtRIN
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. (M t-2+"+
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 K~\Ocl
(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构： oSs~*mf
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. `c_Wk] i
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. meyO=>
(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： h\ OMWJ~
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 {c AGOx wd
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. RZ:= ';
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： IaR D"oCH
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. xAAwH@ +
(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 69{q*qCW
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 Wc{/K6]f
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 q{+Pf/M5
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 N/N~>7f
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. >iI-Cs7TD
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二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 |jTRIMj%,_
虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 ~~3 BV,
A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： R"qxT.P(
ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 XlU`j v+
command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 /~;om\7r
determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 w|8T6 W|w
move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 (<xl _L:*.
prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 TKZ[H$Z
recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进 _T.k/a
vote公认，提议 decree颁布(法令) pray请求 z[0 B"f
注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 phqmr5s^ H
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) ~-o [v-\
She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语) =^`?O* /;
She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) ) i=.x+Q
B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：
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advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 6~c:FsZ)
determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的 *32hIiCm
complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 cCbZ*
desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 &'<e9
asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的
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natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 x /E<@?*:
urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 :pvJpu $]
possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable (好一点) proposed提议 .I
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requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 |58xR.S'g
probable(可能的) pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾 oZ,_ G,b^
注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do… 2c1L[]h'
来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 u+5MrS [
It is essential that he should be prepared for this. fuF!3Q
It is essential for him to be prepared for this. _|I`A 6`=
C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： VHqHG`}:
advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 jcL %_of
insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 ^c| _%/
preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 Yh2[
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request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告 y XT8:2M
例如： U'k 0
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This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 M`) /^S9
The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 1Y'NG<d _
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