考博英语翻译汉译英题目中由于文化上的差异,有时直译原文就会使读者感到费解,甚至误解。这时,就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼,便于读者理解和接受。下面freekaobo给大家展示一些用到归化法的例子,希望考博生们活学活用。 B(GcPDj(K
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as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 ]byj[Gd
(在西方文化中,兔子是胆小的象征,而在我国,兔子却象征着机警敏捷。人们常说:“静若处子,动若脱兔。”鼠在我国才是胆小的象征,所以翻译时直接加以归化。) S;"7d
at a stone's throw一箭之遥 >o\[?QvP
wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 LW;UL}av
as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 wNuS'P_(:T
as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛 mySm:ToT
seek a hare in a hen's nest 缘木求鱼 ms8PFu(f
as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶 ; b2)WM:
lead a dog's life 过着牛马一样的生活 w@Pc7$EP
cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头,卖狗肉 Uv6#d":f;
put back the clock 开倒车 h-1eDxK6
talk horse 吹牛 t-\S/N
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵 urHQb5|T}
drink like a fish 牛饮 *R*Tmo"
(1) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. c FjC
嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗。 7oPBe1P,K+
(2)One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. LB1.N!q1
一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 FU0&EO
(3) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires. %}G:R!4 d
我软得像一团棉花,脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。 _Y*:
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(原文中limp as a dish rag,如直译为“像洗碟布一样柔软”,既不地道,又让人产生一种较恶心的感觉,不如用汉语中常说的“软得像一团棉花”加以归化。) )gNHD?4x
(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly,“Yes. New brooms sweep clean.” TA=Ij,z~
人人都说新任秘书干得好,但卡尔老先生却简慢地说:“新官上任三把火。” Vkex&?>v$
(原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是“新扫把扫得干净”,比喻“新任职的人干得好”,和汉语中的“新官上任三把火”异曲同工,貌离神合。) 7581G$@ym
(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King. KM|[:v
山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。 J#CF S G
(6) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market. nTjQ4y
昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷。 EOV<|WF>
(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends,too, that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares. p/WEQ2
谁知道摩特兰先生干得那么出色?还有他那许多朋友,原来都住在这儿的,谁知道呀?我们真是有眼无珠。 &l%#OI}OE
(8) It was, as Bill afterwards expressed it, “during a moment of temporary mental apparition”, but we didn't find that out till later. tk
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恰如后来比尔说的那样,那阵子简直是“一时鬼迷心窍”.不过,我们直到后来才明白了这个意思。 dL")E|\\k
(apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽灵出现的意思。mental apparition直译是“心中有鬼”,这就很容易给人造成误解,因此需要多少将原形象适当地转换一下。) oZ%t! Fl1
(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them. 9Dd/g7
要我投票赞成给他们援助,除非太阳从西边出来。 .+aSa?h_
(ice-skating in hell如译成“在地狱里滑冰”就很难为中国读者所理解和接受。) 0; OpT0
(10)。 “Until her husband won the pools, she was the most commonplace, dowdy, illiterate creature imaginable,but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches, people are already beginning to forget what she was like before. F1?@tcr'
”Fine feathers make fine birds.“ $$\| 3rj!
”过去没有比她更平平常常、无知无识而又邋邋遢遢的了,自从她男人赢得全部赌注以后,她打扮得象个社交皇后,总是记住发H的音,人们开始忘记她以前是什么样子了。“ xYRL4
”人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛。“ SR~~rD|V
(11) I'd much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it——what could I do about it anyway? She's a bit out of my class, don't you think? If I did try to do anything, I'd only get sent off with a flea in my ear. sl%B-;@I
我宁愿见她一两面就算了──我还能干什么呢?你没看到她和我不怎么相称吗?我要干点什么,也只会碰一鼻子灰。 ~9]tt\jN*Y
(原文a flea in one's ear的字面意思是”耳朵上有个跳蚤“,用来比喻”讥讽的话,刺耳的话“.send sb. off with a flea in one's ear意思是”用讥讽的话气走某人“,与汉语”碰一鼻子灰“意思相近,但如译为”用讥讽话气走某人“,则过于平淡,远不如”碰一鼻子灰“生动、俏皮。) &cDnZ3Q;
(12) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him ”magpie“. Q=~e|
他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个 ”麻雀“的外号。 oHu0] XA
(英语中 ”喜鹊“ 喻义 ”唠叨、饶舌“,但在汉语中 ”喜鹊“ 却象征着 ”喜事、吉祥“,而 ”麻雀“ 表示 ”唠叨、饶舌“,所以用归化法。) (a`z:dz}
(13) There's a people's court waiting for him. His God-damned head is going to be separated from his God-damned neck. M&@9B)|=
人民法庭正等着他。狗头就要和狗脖子分家呢。 [ OMcSd|nf
(原文God-damned意为”该死的“,但如译成”该死的头“、”该死的脖子“远不如”狗头“、”狗脖子“痛快。) nb22bXt
(14) I'm a diplomat, a linguist, altogether a bespectacled cream puff. o?^j1\^
我是个外交官,一个语言学家,总而言之,是个戴眼镜的银样邋枪头。 4jis\W}%L3
(原文cream puff的字面意思是”奶油松饼“,比喻”中看不中用的人“,和汉语中的”银样邋枪头“意思相近。但如直译成”奶油松饼“,则不易为汉语读者所接受。归化后,既能保存原意,又能为汉语读者所接受。) @<},
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采用归化时,要避免走极端,不要用汉语民族文化色彩太浓的词(如:历史人物、地理名词等)来归化英语习语,否则译文会让人感觉不伦不类。 !=cW+=1
(1) Beauty lies in lover's eyes. HnioB=fc
情人眼里出美人。 ~b8U#'KD
(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”情人眼里出西施“.译者怎能把中国古代美女西施搬到西方作品中去呢?) r6 ,5&`&
(2) Many heads are better than one. 4<B
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一人不及众人计。 t
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(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮“.如把历史人物诸葛亮搬到西方作品中去,总让人感到不伦不类的。) hV'JTU]H
(3) Never offer to teach fish to swim. $+S'Boo
不要教鱼儿游泳。 04:^<n+{
(此处也不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”不要班门弄斧“、 ”不要关公面前耍大刀“.) E n{vCN