中国科学院2006博士研究生入学英语考试大纲样题(含答案) M ?*Tf&
SAMPLE TEST g`n;R
THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES qK?$=h.
ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION g` [` P@
FOR X D) 8?
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES dAL3. %
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PAPER ONE 'z5h3J
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PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) 'tm$q/&
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. QL97WK\$
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1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors. rQJ"&CapT
A. post B. status 6):Xzx,
C. position D. place y bQP E/9
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2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research. 02\JzBU
A. legible B. legitimate Yp1bH+/u
C. legislative D. illicit RV+E^pkp$
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3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual. /YH`4e5g
A. end B. hand _U0$ =V
C. core D. best ~e">_;k6
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4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development. [ohBPQO
A. impeded B. imparted A&,,9G<
C. implored D. implemented iev>9j
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5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life. ? 2#(jZ# 2
A. spell out B. call upon zl%>`k!>
C. fall over D. resort to ,
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6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined. ^"i~
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A. grossly B. severely 2i7e#
C. rapidly D. drastically 5$rSEVg
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7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with. T$
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A. elitism B. eloquence ZA(T
C. eminence D. etiquette \or G63T:
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8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it. )92r{%N
A. altered B. criticized 8K"+,s(%R
C. incorporated D. translated r0]4=6U
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9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home. hBU\'.x
A. over B. with mXzrEI
C. down D. through '%saL >0
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10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life. X"aEJ|y
A. discriminating B. distributing %^]?5a!
C. disagreeing D. disclosing <Fz~7WVd
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11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them. 28.~iw
A. find fault with B. make the most of eqAW+Ptx
C. look down upon D. get even with >rsqH+oL
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12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition. 'x"08v$
A. impressive B. evasive Dnf
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C. intensive D. exhaustive =
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13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end. cD|Htt"
A. intolerance B. pessimism "KX=ow#z|
C. injustice D. antagonism Nes=;%&]G
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14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things. vQ}6y
A. count B. insist ?p<.Fv8.
C. fall D. dwell WI> P
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15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator. eB>s=}|
A. hearts B. tempers `
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C. heads D. senses z!;1i[|x
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16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace. o2z]dTJ}o
A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of 2%RNq<{Z_
C. by courtesy of D. for the price of sg'pO*_&
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17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension. !-`Cp3gqHr
A. equivalent B. similar 7>iU1zy
C. consistent D. identical D8&`R
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18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________. y[B>~m8$
A. honestly B. graciously ~'37`)]z
C. coherently D. flexibly QrO\jAZ{Ag
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19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life. 1f",}qe;
A. significance in B. imagination at su*Pk|6%
C. resemblance to D. predominance over (=D&A
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20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end. oh#\]c\f
A. shout down B. get round 0TpK#OlI|c
C. comply with D. pass over ][}0#'/mV
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PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) __mF?m
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Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. dy_:-
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We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources. .r*2|
It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996) H":oNpfb
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21. A. one B. it C. this D. there >/|q:b^2r
22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed "DYJ21Ut4
23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts e7w
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24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range ]U"94S U:)
25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome 13taFVdU
26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing 1GzAG;UUo6
27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably 6Ybg^0m
28. A. in B. with C. as D. to W6Y]N/v3>
29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last |\pbir
30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace !qG7V:6
31. A. on B. up C. down D. out Jv^h\~*jH
32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little ](hE^\
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33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet R17?eucZ
34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track 35. A. if B. or C. while D. as 0Vx.nUQ
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PART III READING COMPREHENSION @;"|@!l|
Section A (60 minutes, 30 points) 9H]{g*kL
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. _bNzXF
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Passage 1 @{2
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The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event. u A<n
A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. ]9^sa-8
The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base. gw!vlwC&T
As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized. :>5@cvc
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36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________. HAa;hb
A. finding the most important cause for a particular historical event ?{ryGhb ~
B. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted %%[LKSTb
C. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event Vh4X%b$TV
D. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive 'd9INz.
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37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.
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A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an event glDu2a,Q
B. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the event {ttysQ-
C. determining the common strands that make up a historical event ?82xdpg
D. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value Wi)_H$KII
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38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be ______________. Li4zTR|U
A. combining elements of different material into a unified whole (5-FV p
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B. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an event _uy44;zq
C. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an event H&