改错题常考要点 \%A%s*1
一、代词 , c;eN
代词中主要讲解六个问题 t+TYb#Tc
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 6oL1_)
主格、宾格、所有格 #D%ygh=
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) u{f*
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(二) 反身代词 8v92N
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当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 k|E]YvnfG
He killed himself. (他自杀了) RW7(r/C
He killed him. (他杀了他) @y|_d
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating <,1fkq>,
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themselves to predict earthquakes. KLQ!b,=q
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 8<#U9]
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 4sFv?W
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 {padD p
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 .p6+l!"
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies O>0VTW
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the i6PM<X,{;
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Pacific. V6a``i]
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 WMuD}s
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 }xb=<
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 9}tG\0tL*
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 Sr.;GS5i
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined iZ,YxN<R
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the word“normalcy”to express social and >v5k{Cbp0
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economic conditions they promised the nation. Yx d X#3
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 5_o$<\I\
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important )h$NS2B`
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John /\d$/~BFi
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Keats, published the year of her death. f<jb=\}x
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. k!XhFWb
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(四) Who和which的区别 <I*x0BM=
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 V,7%1TZ:
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 4jmK].
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 4g
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. Yn51U6_S
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 QGnxQ{ko
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 $\Lyi#<
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(五) that和which的区别 yWIm&Q:
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 |?m` xO
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it E;\M1(\u
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. m7]hJ,0
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, h=VqxGC&
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when ?^!,vh
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. YZ}cB
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which Z)<
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly (-yl|NFBw
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. {Q(}DI
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 U..<iNQE5
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has L^Wz vv]
affected the way people in the United States----. x!7yU_ls`
(A) living and working XJ\hd,R
(B) they live and work xh9qg0d
(C) live and work rs8\)\z
(D) to live and to work <lwuTow
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 %uDG75KP{
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二、介词 ~hX-u8Ul'N
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 =yiOJyx
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(一) 介词搭配 [[L-jq.'
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those =]>%t]
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Lubrn"128
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 +++pI.>(*Q
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. W
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分析:B错改为be rich in L:f)i,S"5q
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the &y.dmW
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. RXSf,O
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 6].:.b\qQc
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 wyQb5n2`;~
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 k=n
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例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. {U @3yB
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 qd2xb8r
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has x mo&![P
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on otriif@+Z
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. 4M`Xrfwm'[
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 G}Z4g
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2、介词by qo;)X0N
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by 8&(-8
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing &L3#:jSk
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States .h8M
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. +VOb
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 h}6_ybmZ
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils Q_}n%P:u
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 'lQYJ0
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supply moccasins and field rations. <