第三节 最高级 b7>-aem@I
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考点一 最高级的形式 ?h>%Ix
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: nkr,
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; kcma
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或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive )M|O;~q
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. fed[^wW
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. b& _i/n(
例题: VfE^g\Ia
(1) @4
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular )P(d66yq'u
A B {8>_,z^P)
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. LzEE]i
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答案:A (`uC"M Lk
应改为:easiest. ,
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 =vqE=:X6
二、没有等级的形容词 9cw4tqTm
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 S*DBY~pZy
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: AIRVvW~($
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Sj]T{3mi
例题: R(7X}*@X
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. /S=;DxZ,r
(A) most unique NdED8 iRc
(B) unique 4{;8 ]/.a
(C) least unique DT7-v4Zd
(D)very unique mG
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答案: B 37M[9m|D*
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 )1tnZ=
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(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: Y$`hudJ&
the most important thing, the biggest elephant
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但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: PB3!;
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience z&HN>7
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ?PxYS%D_L
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. (Ss77~W7
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. KlX |PQ
例题: H|Fqc=qp
(1) "j@I
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Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. R;-FZ@u/
A B C D Go+,jT-
答案: D OXCml(>{
应改为: form the largest 2.L6]^N p(
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the (LvOsr~
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考点三 范围词 >zx50e)
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 h*X%:UbW
例题: =`.5b:e
(1) n YMf[kW
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to <IkD=X
A B hs#s $})}Z
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. wTAEJ{p
C D iqKfMoy5
答案:C SVEA
应改为:longest. w0%ex#lkm
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 :bF2b..XOu
考点四 most的其他用法 3'@jRK
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ^0?cyv\>LA
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: !rmo*-=^=
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 2i'-lM=
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists ,?N_67
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: FbNQ
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal bIl0
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例题:
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(1) 3K]0sr
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Jt^JE{m9%
A B C D hQLx"R$
答案:A F"? *@L
应改为:Most X1QZEl
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 48*pKbbM4
(2) 6#63D>OWp
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 4!W?z2ly~R
A B C !x /Z"
of other cereal plants. @MH]s [{o\
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答案:A mP+yjRw
应改为:most. ,'DrFlI
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Mp}NUQHE
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 PS;*N8
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the end. A{T@O5ucj
第三章 副词 D??/=`|8
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 AdW7 vn
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 |W];v@b\y
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 LMj'?SuH
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第一节 副词修饰动词 8uW:_t]q
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 _
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) e!'u{>u
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 5W-M8dc6
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) (ZsR=:9(
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 a$&6a
例题: 6V
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(1) ^C
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In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the &cE,9o%FZ
A B C izo
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1870's or thereabouts. 9F!&y-
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答案:C )S?}huX
应改为:commercially S`.-D+.68
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 IQv>{h}
(2) ,Yz+?SmSZ&
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. I/|n
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(A) facially T0jJp7O
(B) their faces pdq h'+5
(C) having facial +2O_LPV$,
(D) they had faces X
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答案:A 2wvDC@
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 &i RX-)^u
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第二节 程度副词much等 Y.#+Yh[
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 49GCj`As
She's not a bit more rational than you were. M+:wa@Kl
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 4pv
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比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; q5PYc.E([
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 7i
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; "dTXT
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) {c;3$
例题: l-EQh*!j
(1) W^f#xrq>
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. X3yr6J[ ^
A B C D AF6'JxG7
答案:C g!ww;_
应改为:much faster ibyA~YUN/
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Pa<