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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 b7>-aem@I  
4X(1   
考点一 最高级的形式 ?h>%Ix  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: nkr,  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; kcma /d  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive )M|O;~q  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. fed[^wW  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. b& _i/n(  
例题: V fE^g\Ia  
(1) @4  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular )P(d66yq'u  
    A                          B {8>_,z^P)  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. LzEE]i  
 C          D + "N<-  
答案:A (`uC"MLk  
应改为:easiest. , Rr&.  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 =vqE=:X6  
二、没有等级的形容词 9cw4tqTm  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 S*DBY~pZy  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: AIRVvW~($  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Sj]T{3mi  
例题: R(7X}*@X  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. /S=;DxZ,r  
(A) most unique NdED8 iRc  
(B) unique 4{;8 ]/.a  
(C) least unique DT7-v4Zd  
(D)very unique mG 8  
答案: B 37M[9m|D*  
KSpC%_LC  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 )1tnZ= &  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: Y$`hudJ&  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant y8(?:#ZC  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: PB3!;  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience z&HN>7  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ?PxYS%D_L  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. (Ss77~W7  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. KlX |PQ  
例题: H|Fqc=qp  
(1) "j@I RuH  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. R;-FZ@u/  
  A  B         C              D Go+,jT-  
答案: D OXCml(>{  
应改为: form the largest 2.L6]^N p(  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the (LvOsr~  
X|n[ 9h:%  
考点三 范围词 >zx50e)  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 h*X%:UbW  
例题: =`.5b:e  
(1) n YMf[kW  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to <IkD=X  
            A            B        hs#s $})}Z  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. wT AEJ{p  
         C    D iqKfMoy5  
答案:C SVEA  
应改为:longest. w0%ex#lkm  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 :bF2b..XOu  
考点四 most的其他用法 3'@jRK  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ^0?cyv\>LA  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: !rmo*-=^=  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 2i'-lM=  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists ,?N_67  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: FbNQ  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal bIl0 rx[`  
例题: T`0gtSS  
(1) 3K] 0sr  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. Jt^JE{m9%  
   A        B   C     D hQLx"R$  
答案:A F"? *@L  
应改为:Most X1QZEl  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 48*pKbbM4  
(2) 6#63D>OWp  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 4!W?z2ly~R  
   A       B              C !x / Z"  
 of other cereal plants. @MH]s [{o\  
  D N28?JQha  
答案:A mP+yjRw  
应改为:most. ,'DrFlI  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Mp}NUQHE  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 PS;*N 8  
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the end. A{T@O5ucj  
第三章 副词 D??/=`|8  
;XuE Mq,Di  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 AdW7 vn  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 |W];v@b\y  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 LMj'?SuH  
;P#*R3   
第一节 副词修饰动词 8uW:_t]q  
7u0R=q  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 _ 9]3S>Rn  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) e!'u{>u  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 5W-M8dc6  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) (ZsR=:9(  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 a$& 6a   
例题: 6V E5C g  
(1) ^C T}i'  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the &cE,9o%FZ  
             A        B    C izo $0  
 1870's or thereabouts. 9F!&y-  
      D |/Z)?  
答案:C )S?}huX  
应改为:commercially S`.-D+.68  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 IQv>{h}  
(2) ,Yz+?SmSZ&  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. I/|n ma/ $  
(A) facially T0jJp7O  
(B) their faces pdqh'+5  
(C) having facial +2O_LPV$,  
(D) they had faces X pwom'  
答案:A 2 wvDC@  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 &i RX-)^u  
\ } f*   
第二节 程度副词much等 Y.#+Yh[  
0k  [6  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 49GCj`As  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. M+:wa@K l  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 4pv :u:Z  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; q5PYc.E([  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 7 i /Cax  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; "dTXT  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) {c; 3$  
例题: l-EQh*!j  
(1) W^f#xrq>  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. X3yr6J[ ^  
   A    B   C    D AF6'JxG7  
答案:C g!ww;_  
应改为:much faster ibyA~YUN/  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Pa<X^&  
(2) VWa (@ A  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm /+msrrpD  
        A                 B 6Y^o8R  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. eHR<(8c'f  
          C     D iXFaQ  
答案:B h;->i]  
应改为:more. "Cb<~Dy  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c^y 1s*  
(3) :F&WlU$L  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals 7}k8-:a%  
         A          B      C 43XuQg4  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. 7_,gAE:kG  
            D }^muAr  
考点:程度副词 jxvVp*-=<j  
答案:D Npq bxb  
应改为:still more ,"o \_{<z  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, I?QKd@  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 kN)ev?pQ[  
(4) e 3K  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a iweP3u##  
        A      B          C      D c'b,=SM  
swan's. FWg 7 e3  
考点:程度副词 -MjRFa  
答案:A L6^h3*JyD  
应改为:little c,@6MeKHq  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little E' Bt1 u  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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