第三节 最高级 M5\$+Tu
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考点一 最高级的形式 xw2dNJL
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: {Qv Whf
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; *,az`U
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive .! 'SG6 q
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. VO
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TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ?E +[
例题:
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(1) {mO QRAKl
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular }aSTo"~m#
A B R^*%yjy9
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. sH_B*cr3
C D >8;EeRvI
答案:A Nl$b;~u
应改为:easiest. kD*r@s]=
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 1buVV]*~
二、没有等级的形容词 ]Y;5U
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 $Sls9H+.
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: " i!Xiy~
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 , ;$SRQ.
例题: v{r,Wy3
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. OrPi ("/
(A) most unique !FA[
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(B) unique ZVIlVuZ}
(C) least unique >S}^0vNZX
(D)very unique `=%mU/v
答案: B ]iezwz`'
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 nq%GLUH
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: &"6%D|Z0
the most important thing, the biggest elephant a8}!9kL
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: NTV@,
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience S; Fj9\2)I
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 pq +~|
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. i87+9X
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. ab8F\%y-8
例题: )(V!& w6
(1) jI!WE$dt
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Q@ghQGn#
A B C D VMl)_M:'
答案: D mO^)k
应改为: form the largest IA~wmOF
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the I*4g ;1x
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考点三 范围词 |5g1D^b]s^
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 "t&_!Rm
例题: :O9i:Xq[QW
(1) Bhf4 /$
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to
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A B k:DAko}
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ?TMrnR/d
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答案:C js F96X{
应改为:longest. EF8'ycJk+
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 -+Gd <U$
考点四 most的其他用法 Zp_vv@s
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: uoMDf{d
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: dW9Ci"~v
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ~T:L0||.%9
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists A5kz(pj
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: CAtdx!
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal D)GD9MJ
例题: $[
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ZE4xF8
A B C D ZuVes?&j
答案:A }1?
2
应改为:Most yQdoy^d/4
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. e> Q_&6L
(2) 'G8.)eTA'
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds n81z0lnr
A B C #7"*Pxb#A
of other cereal plants. D9-D%R,
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答案:A vj4n=F,Z
应改为:most. /><+[\q4LM
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 MNVOlo A
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 !)+8:8H'
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the end. JVt(!%K}&
第三章 副词 D/Hob
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 uBqZ62{G
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 *Rj(~Q/t
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 *\T
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第一节 副词修饰动词 #25%17
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ZI NqIfc
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) =#K$b *#
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) oRQJ YH
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) -3T~+
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 7-`iI(N<
例题: 9>1Gj-S2:
(1) yx&'W_Q@
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the CF_pIfbaf
A B C iQJ[?l`
1870's or thereabouts. OD`?BM
D 3r]N\c
答案:C @ZTsl ?
应改为:commercially DU=rsePWE
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Qk
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(2) !i77v,
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According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 4 g}'/
(A) facially ?O.1HEr
(B) their faces @$ggPrs
(C) having facial 8fX<,*#I
(D) they had faces **
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答案:A mpysnKH
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ne(zGJd
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第二节 程度副词much等 : ZWKrnG
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. :\<D q71
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Obb"#W@3
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 L/sMAB
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; xJSK"
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, q
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; C~:@ETcbil
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) ~vMdIZ.h
例题: 7Fd`MTo
(1) aF
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Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. IVblSiFF
A B C D /suW{8A(E
答案:C #lld*I"d
应改为:much faster F\G-. 1
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much THl={,Rw`
(2) -
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm ooW; s<6
A B O"6
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. lNwqWOWy
C D m2|%AD
答案:B pSC\[%K
应改为:more. iXsX@ S^F
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant !Yi2g-(
(3) 9>I&Z8J$M
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals uZ/XI {/
A B C kQt#^pO)
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ](2\w9i%
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考点:程度副词 c`E0sgp
答案:D P]mJ01@'
应改为:still more }gR!]Cs)^
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, #q
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词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 |
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(4) !+(c/ gwBh
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a y`Nprwb
A B C D C4H$w:bVk
swan's. Svl;Ul
考点:程度副词 AdgZau[Y6
答案:A WZ6'"Cz`
应改为:little JUpb*B_z
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little ya'Ma<4
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅