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东华大学2018年英语试题

东华大学2018博士研究生入学考试
英语(1001)试题
Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each) Z%o7f6P0IX  
Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. There are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Y8s;w!/  
1. Many scientists remain _____ about the value of this research program. 3 &&+Y X  
Asceptical B. stationary C. spacious D. specific ]o.vB}WsY  
2. If you want to go to the concert,you’ll have to make a-- _____, or there will be no tickets. wJ"ev.A)  
A. conservation  B. reservation  C. preservation  D. observation  <dR,'  
3. The mother was _____ when her sonconfessed he had robbed a store. w*LbH]l<-  
A. dismayed B. flattered C. fascinated D. disabled MOz}Q1`a  
4. The _____ judge accepted money to letthe prisoner go unpunished. $N+6h#  
A. committed B. corrupt C. conserved D. confident 60B-ay0e$b  
5. It tookthem several weeks to ______the wild horse. ma8wmQ9JR  
A.cultivate   B.civilize C. curb D. tame \3Jq_9Xv  
6. It is acommon theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ______by beings from the outer space. 2wpjU &8W!  
A. runover  B. filled in C. taken over D. broken in s${_K*g6  
7. It __-----____that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother. d+2daKi  
A. turnedover B. turned in  C.turned across D. turned out 90:K#nW;  
8. Thediscovery of new oil fields in various parts of the country filled thegovernment with _______hope. _vYzF+  
A.eternal   B.infinite   C. ceaseless   D. delicate ym%slg  
9. Wehope there will be a peaceful ________ to the new system. Pn WD}'0V  
A. transmission B. transition  C. transaction  D. transformation w+UV"\!G)Q  
10.It is_______ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work. 6 DP[g8  
A. abrupt B.absurd C. adverse D. addictive 9;f|EGwZ  
11. The young flower girl has been in townfor only several months, but she seems to be _____with everyone who comes tothe store. 'F_}xMU  
A. admitted B. accepted C. admired     D. acquainted !oMt_k X  
12. When the wealthy man died hisillegitimate son _____half of his legacy. x PQL?.   
A. retreated B. displayed C. declared    D. claimed = HE m)  
13. I have said nothing like that. Heintentionally _____ my ideas to achieve his personal ends. -J$g(sikt  
A. revised   B. distracted  C. contradicted  D. distorted LHi6:G"Y(  
14. Travelers are advised to usetraveler's checks, which provide a secure _____ to carrying all the money incash.  (K #A  
A. substitute  B.alternative  C. selection D. displacement Jp ]T9W\  
15. Most of the nations in the world areworking in a collaborative effort to ___ hunger from the world. |~$7X  
A. abandon    B.diminish  C. withdraw D. eliminate DP>mNE  
16. I just can't _____ how he managed tofinish his report so soon. He said he was only halfway through it yesterday!
A. figure out B. work out  C.look out   D. draw out
17. The mayor was asked to give a rough_____ of the cost of the construction of the new bridge. *T4ge|zUc  
A. assessment  B. evaluation  C.announcement D. estimate /yYlu  
18. At last his firm was _____ up by amultinational corporation. k>{-[X,/OV  
A. swallowed   B. devoured C. swigged   D.gulped D@hmO]5c  
19. When he went to the airport for theticket, Tom suddenly realized that his passport had ____ for half a year. 1q!sKoJ<  
A. abolished  B.  expired C. amended  D. constrained 3 jh|y,  
20. According to the report, the ____- ofthe epidemic was frightening in that country. jOl1_  
A. multitude  B. altitude  C. magnitude   D.  gratitude T46{*(  
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Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1point each) &7F&}7*c  
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark youranswer on your Answer Sheet. >sV Bj(f  
‘Popular science’ books by pioneering scientists come in many varieties,but are almost always 21 waiting for. Suchbooks would certainly be authoritative accounts of the subject matter. What ismore important, 22, is that they give the reader a really unique 23.The genre includes straightforward expositions of a technical topic, an earlyexample 24 the classic little book on relativity by Einstein himself. More25 ---- and perhaps 26 greater value, in the long 27 ----one has a 28 of essays on widely varying themes. These reflect, directly29 indirectly, the motivations, the compulsions, the stance, thepersonal scientific philosophy ---- 30 short, the credo ---- of a greatscientist, giving the reader 31 insight into the working of a first-ratemind in a manner that even the best of biographies can only 32.Restricting oneself to examples 33 from physics and 34 areas,some wonderful examples of this class are Wigner’s Symmetries and Reflections,Chandrasekhar’s Truth and Beauty, Feynman’s The Character of PhysicalLaw, and Dyson’s 35the Universe. 1UyH0`&  
'%Dg{ zL  
    21. S ljZ~x,!  
      A. different EG1x  
      B. eager M=Is9)y  
      C. worth ^V,@=QL3U  
      D. gratitude gT7I9 (x!W  
       22. HjPH  
      A. however ~$ WQ"~z  
      B. by  the way qid1b b  
      C.  unfortunately `R ]&F$i(E  
      D.  to be exact [r~~=b7*[  
       23. c=<v.J@K  
      A. character {r X5  
      B.  thought +{bh  
      C.  enjoyment zN/Gy}  
      D.  perspective 4w2L?PDMi  
       24. 7dx4~dF  
      A. being ix+x3OCip  
      B. has  being 4t(QvIydA  
      C.  has been M{y|7e%K  
      D.  been yO%VzjJhg  
       25. }8X:?S %  
      A. important UvoG<;  
      B.  special *+# k{D,  
      C. often 34^Q5B~^J  
      D. clear LE Jlo%M  
       26. )z|_*||WU^  
      A. with   ~9]Vy (L  
      B. for 8~rT  
      C.  in HX z iDnj  
      D. of 0!)U *+j,  
       27. J#_\+G i  
      A.  ago an #jZ[  
      B. time UX+?0K  
      C. distance B&to&|jf  
      D. run H d96[Uo  
       28. S;G"L$&\  
      A. election i@sCMCu6  
      B. collection V/+H_=|  
      C.  deduction yKel|vM#  
      D. induction C8O7i[uc  
       29. U!3uaz'  
      A.  and :cIu?7A  
      B. or S8rW'}XJ=H  
      C.  not <[*h_gE5  
      D.  but y?rK5Yos  
       30. Ej9/_0lt  
      A. on C{U[w^X  
      B.  for 96^1Iv d  
      C. in loAfFK>g  
      D.  of mRix0XBI~  
       31. D~t"9Z\  
      A. valuable bF8xQ<i~Y  
      B. attractive ; +#za?w  
      C.  particular ZKiL-^dob  
      D.  mysterious !kjr> :)x  
       32 3<Pyr-z h  
      A. repeat C_g"omw40  
      B. approximate 96([V|5K  
      C.  enhance V8|q"UX  
      D.  discover jQw`*Y/,  
       33. 071E%u,  
      A.  concerned OGD8QD  
      B.  brought <LOx.}fv  
      C. taken N";dG 3  
      D.  thought Lb mB([p  
       34. nP3;<*T P0  
      A. relating m}'t'l4 c  
      B.  relative 3R$CxRc:  
      C. relate ^QL/m\zq@%  
      D. related y:|Xg0Kp  
       35. Bafz&#;Q'  
      A. Disturbing s poWdRM2  
      B Disturb BD-c 0-+m  
      C. Disturbed Xxsnpb>  
      D. Disturbance [C~)&2wh>  
   r{N{! "G  
Part III Reading Comprehension (30points) 1p "EE~ v  
Section A (20 points, 1 point each) +hvIJv ?  
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you toread. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions that follow.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet.
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Passage 1 D A)0Y_  
In recent years, there has been asteady assault on salt from the doctors. Politicians also got on board."There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted,"between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease,circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death." GPqB\bxb'  
Frightening, if true! But many doctorsand medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone toofar. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr.Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much differencehow much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 peopleshowed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all whenplaced on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Ofthe hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experiencea drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt wasreintroduced." oJ;O>J@c  
"An adequate to somewhatexcessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost inthe general population," notes Dr. John H. Laragh. "So arecommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes nosense." Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable"moderation" in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderateamount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of ateaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would comefrom the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing,preparation or at the table. _2Xu1q.6~5  
Those with kidney, liver or heartproblems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even thevery vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admitsthat "we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causeshypertension." In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that otherfactors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium;obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition;stress." It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh. "Salt is theNo. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't needit is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related healthproblem, there is no reason to give it up." I3rnCd(  
36. According to some doctors andpoliticians, the amount of salt consumed ___ ^@5ui;JV  
A. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health. j'Q-*-3  
B. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders. Y" +1,?yH  
C. correlates highly with some diseases. qLi1yH  
D. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease. eYX_V6c  
37. From Dr. Dustan's study we caninfer that ______ HtXBaIl\  
A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people. V-U  ^O45  
B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one'sblood pressure. \t(r@q q  
C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensivepatient. ]! J3?G  
D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference toanyone. hz|z&vyP  
38. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laraghimplies that _____ l|tp0[  
A. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt. ,4T$  
B. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt. .q[sk  
C. an adequate toexcessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease. TKBK 3N  
D. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in thegeneral population. #LyjJ mQ  
39. The phrase "vocal ……exponent" (Para. 4) most probably refers to ____ }b\q<sNE{  
A. eloquent doctor. 1YD.jU^;HD  
B. articulate opponent. AdS_-Cm  
C. loud speaker. #cF8)GC  
D. strong advocate. )n[Mh!mn  
40. What is the main message of thistext? +/lj~5:y  
A.  That the saltscare is not justified. kc']g:*]Y  
B.  That the causeof hypertension is now understood. Nl)jQ  
C.  That themoderate use of salt is recommended. QAnf xt6  
D.  That saltconsumption is to be promoted. Hwc8i"{9y\  
]BD5+>;  
Passage 2 7Bd_/A($  
Globalizationis not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international systemshaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country,and we need to understand it as such. >b](v)  
As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is topick up "globalization," examine it from all sides, dissect it,figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigateor slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself isneither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment,form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, townsand forests in an instant. As Friedman says: "Globalization can beincredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunityand democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. Itleaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster andfaster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to sharetheir unique individuality farther and wider." 1L qJ@v0  
Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can alsobring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires anetwork of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalizationrequires vigilance and the rule of law. Anti-trust laws, the Securities andExchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, andcountless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check.Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is apositive force in the world. M@[gT?m v1  
Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to thedestruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident opponentsblind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity tofulfill basic aspirations. E1w XG  
As with most issues, the majority ofpeople will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something toworship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape andmanage for the betterment of everyone. wTbIS~!gF  
41. What does the word “mitigate”in paragraph 2 most likely mean? w7V W   
A. A. To alleviate. M +q 7h+HP  
B. To slow down. JN-8\ L  
C. To omit. D5vtZu!"  
D. To go faster. 3? CpylCO  
42. Why does the author compareglobalization as fire? kakWXGeR  
A. When used correctly, they both can sterilizeequipment. w ~?eX/;  
B. When used improperly, they both can destroy our life. wIHz TL  
C. When worshipped, they both improve our life greatly. 640V&<+v  
D. When demonized, they both can be dangerous. y~1php>2f1  
43. Why is globalization comparedas capitalism in the passage? :e vc  
A. They both require vigilance to keep themfrom devouring societies. ub&29Qte  
B. They both need Federal trade commission and labor unions. VO?NrKyeW  
C. They both need transparent mechanisms to operate properly. M_I\:Q  
D. Both A and B. R;2 -/MT-  
44. People who worshipglobalization usually _____ while people who demonize globalization usually____. ?V&a |:N9  
A. see it as something to mold for the improvement of everyone; standin the middle to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone W4a20KM2  
B. believe globalization can be shaped ;believe globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side "S#hzrEdYI  
C. believe globalization is a positive force in theworld; believe globalization requires vigilance and the rule of laws r{&"]'/X  
D. see no destruction globalization can cause; can not see thatglobalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basicaspiration 6* w;xf  
45. Which of the following is notnecessarily required to make positive use of globalization? M/;g|J jM  
A. Tremendous opportunities and benefits. cXH?'q 'vZ  
B. Vigilance and the rule of law. b=EZtk6>  
C. Transparent mechanisms. r6G)R+#  
D. Molding, shaping and management. *%sYajmD  
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Passage 3 `#U6`[[  
A Chinese study found that antibioticscan help prevent stomach cancer in people who carry a common strain of bacteriaknown to cause ulcers. The study adds to the already strong evidence thatHelicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancer, a disease especiallyprevalent in Asia but far less common in the United States. Still, experts saidthe findings do not solve the dilemma of whether and how to treat carriers ofthe bacteria. %Kp}Wo6  
The study involved 1,630 men and women from Fujian Province in southernChina. All were carriers of H. pylori; hundreds of them already had precancerous lesions (癌变) at the outset ofthe study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive two weeks of treatmentwith antibiotics and an anti-ulcer drug, or a dummy medicine, and were followedfor 7 years and a half after that. Among the 988 patients without precancerouslesions at the outset, none on the treatment got stomach cancer, compared withsix in the placebo group. Q5JeL6t  
The findings among those with precancerous lesions were not as clear-cut:Seven in the treatment group developed stomach cancer, versus 11 in the placebo group. The studyappears in Wednesday's Journal of the American Medical Association. H. pyloriis estimated to affect as many as 90 percent of people in some developingnations and up to 50 percent of people in some industrialized countries,according to the World Health Organization. Chronic H. pylori is thought tocause stomach cancer, and doctors have come to believe since the early 1980sthat it is the No. 1 cause of ulcers. \3/'#  
The findings suggest that doctors should consider routine screening forsuch lesions in H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas, and treating theinfections in patients with no precancerous lesions, said the authors, led byBenjamin Chun-Yu Wong of the University of Hong Kong. ZS]e}]Zwp  
Dr. Michael Brown, a gastroenterologist at Rush University Medical Centerin Chicago, said routine H. pylori screening would not be cost-effective in theUnited States because the rates of infection and cancer are so low. ,;y^|X  
46. According to the passage, experts in the Chinese studymentioned in the passage are still not sure _______. K .~U% v}  
A. whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomachcancer Q<qIlNE  
B. whether stomach cancer is more prevalent in Asia ok'1  
C. whether to treat all carriers of Helicobacter pyloribacteria I%`2RXBt3^  
D. whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomachulcer `x{gF8GV  
47. Among people who developed cancer in the study,proportion of patients in the treatment group to patients in the placebo groupis_____. wd *Jq  
A. 64% `OWB@_u5  
B. 50% sYzG_* )  
C. 90% 0a5P@;"a  
D. 39% WjB[e>  
48. In the study, what medicine did the placebo group takeduring the two-week treatment? >KJ]\`2>)c  
A. Antibiotics. L~~aW0,  
B. A dummy medicine. (@Bm2gH  
C. An anti-cancer medicine. %oo&M;  
D. Medicine for the precancerous. I~I%z'"RQd  
49. How many patients in the study already had precancerouslesions at the outset of the study? 1N &U{#4  
A. 1467 %j,Ny}a   
B. 988 6`i'  
C. 815 F-6* BUqJ  
D. 642 Y'P8`$  
50. The findings of the study propose that ______. @fw U%S[v  
A. H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas should bescreened and treated. `# V"@Go  
B. patients with precancerous lesions are not as easilycured as those without. DCm;dh  
C. treatment should be given to H. pylori patients withoutprecancerous lesions. 2:abe  
D. treatment should not be given to H. pylori patients withprecancerous lesions. xl3U  
Passage4 SCo9[EJ  
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center inGreenbelt, Maryland has been given the nod to lead a robotic lunar mission in2008 -- a key step in President George W. Bush’s recently announced spacevision strategy. The lunar reconnaissance orbiter would likely be geared toinvestigate the potential for water ice trapped at the Moon’s poles. This typeof investigation may involve powerful radar to scan the always darkenedcraters, thought by some scientists to contain bountiful quantities of waterice. wcOAyo5(n  
Water ice is believed to have been brought to the Moon by impactingcomets. Both NASA’s Lunar Prospector and the Pentagon’s Clementine spacecraft offeredtantalizing data interpreted by some experts as indicative of water icedeposits. D7 @10;F}[  
A number of alterative, fast-track approaches are under review at theGoddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to build the lunar orbiter. A newly formedGSFC lunar study team held their first meeting Thursday to begin scoping outhow best to move the project forward. &+ IXDU  
President Bush has directed NASA to undertake lunar exploration activitiesto enable sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and more distantdestinations in the solar system. Starting no later than 2008, the Bush plancalls for initiating a series of robotic missions to the Moon to prepare forand support future human exploration activities. A follow-on robotic lunarlander is also slated for 2009. The White House space directive states that thefirst extended human expedition to the lunar surface could occur as early as2015, but no later than the year 2020. P/_XDP./U  
In reestablishingand reenergizing NASA’s Moon program, the White House envisions lunar explorationactivities to further science, and to develop and test new approaches,technologies, and systems, including use of lunar and other space resources, tosupport sustained human space exploration to Mars and other destinations. L81"W`?  
51. On the robotic lunar missionwhich is to be led by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, the lunar orbiter_______. Q*wx6Pu8  
A. would possibly investigate whether there is water ice at theMoon’s pole. @ZVc!5J_,  
B. would announce the president’s space vision strategy to the wholeworld. 8 WH>  
C. would likely extend human expedition to thelunar surface for the first time. ,iyIF~1~#>  
D. would offer tantalizing data interpreted bysome experts as space resources. bY<"$);s  
52. On the robotic lunar mission,_____ will be explored to search for water ice. z7CYYU?  
A. impacting comets near the Moon 23>?3-q  
B. the darkened craters on the Moon. Mf *qr9*  
C. a robotic lunar lander on the Moon h3:,Gbyap  
D. NASA’s Moon program U t%ie=c  
53. According to the thirdparagraph of the passage, why a newly formed GSFC lunar study team held theirfirst meeting on Thursday? u,C-U!A  
A. To build the lunar orbiter as soon as possible. Mk?9`?g.  
B. To move the NASA’s Moon programs forward. e'ZgF~  
C. To search for the best approach to build the lunar orbiter. (*EN!-/  
D. To discuss the scope the lunar orbiter is to explore. ZpdM[\Q-  
54. Federal government of the U.S.states in its space directive that _______.  LKm5U6  
A. the first human landing on the lunar surface would occur no laterthan 2020 }X$>84s>[P  
B. the first long-time human expedition to thelunar surface would occur in 2015 P k,^q8;  
C. the first human extended expedition to themoon would occur before 2021 bUBuJ  
D. the first human survival on the lunar surface would occur no laterthan 2020 Pg:Nz@CQ  
55. One of the purposes of NASA’s Series lunar explorationmissions is to_____. $lv  g.u  
A. further investigate impacting comets thathave brought water ice to the Moon >8,BC  
B. scope out how best to move the Pentagon’sClementine spacecraft project forward hOq1 "kL  
C. prepare for and support Goddard Space FlightCenter (GSFC) to build the lunar orbiter N5s_o0K4TU  
D. develop and test new technologies to support human spaceexploration to Mars *8Lym,]  
.`iq+i~  
Section B (10 points, 2 points each) ~(^[TuJC  
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After youhave read the passage, answer each question in English with no more than 15words. Write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
QCjmg5bf'7  
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Passage 5 bXJE 2N  
IsHaving a Home a Right?
Even on these coldest nights of the year,Americans can't claim a right to adequate housing - not yet. But the notionthat having a home is a basic human right is one that is gaining some currencyaround the globe, as well as on the corners of some of the most frigid citiesin the United States. w#o<qrpHf  
Record-breaking cold spells this winterhave brought fresh attention to the plight of the 840,000 Americans who sleepin streets or in makeshift shelters on any given night. Twenty-five cities arereporting an average 13 percent increase in requests for emergency shelter over2002, according to a US Conference of Mayors survey. |k^X!C0  
Arguing that housing is a basic humanentitlement, some advocates for the homeless have sharply criticized thesituation in the US. Despite the country's enormous wealth, a growing number ofits citizens are homeless - a state of affairs that some international groupsview as unacceptable and unjust. Cjd +\7#G  
An investigator for the United NationsCommission on Human Rights in January cited the US for "a range ofviolations" in a "dire reality" of "human rightsdenial" in the area of housing. ^c2 8Q.<w(  
Homeless advocates have also cried foul. AJanuary report from the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty says USpromises made in 1948, 1949, and 1996 to progressively house all its citizens"have been badly broken." The Chicago Coalition for the Homeless,meanwhile, is preparing to argue that a projected net loss of 8,000 publichousing units over the next five years would, for as many as 10,000 squatters,constitute unfair "forced eviction" under international human rights law. _[<I&^%  
"I think a lot of us are groping forways to square local, state, and national law with human rightsprinciples," says Rene Heybach, director of the Chicago Coalition's LawProject. "There's a great yearning to find an international focus becauseour government hasn't provided enough to keep our people safe." `0so)2ty+  
But changes are a foot, argue some membersof the Bush administration. UqAvFCy  
"It may very well be," saysPhilip Mangano, executive director of the federal Interagency Council onHomelessness and the government's point person on homelessness, that remedying"this wrong of homelessness will lead us to establish the right tohousing. That would be consistent with our history of righting wrongs in thiscountry, like slavery, and then creating rights afterward." ?6[>HX;  
Mr. Mangano disputes the claim that theBush administration has failed to address what he acknowledges to be a problemexacerbated by simultaneous job losses and rising housing costs. He points tothe current year's $1.27 billion investment in a range of programs to reducehomelessness. The figure marks a $100 million increase over the prior year, hesaid, and represents "probably the most ever invested anywhere" toput the needy in homes. z*R"917  
The United States is not alone inexperiencing a rise in homelessness, Mangano points out. And although othercountries, such as Scotland and France, have in recent years passed legislationtoward housing all citizens, the US is in his view honoring the spirit of itsinternational pledges by funding programs to stem the causes of homelessness. :gR`rc!  
56. Why do people pay moreattention to the matter of homelessness? kAAz|dhL-  
57. What is a state of affairs thatsome international groups view as unacceptable and unjust? VA]%i P,O-  
58. Why does Rene Heybach, directorof the Chicago Coalition's Law Project, say that there's a great yearning tofind an international focus? 5$y<nMP  
59. According to Mr. Mangano, what factorsprobably contribute to the increase of the homeless in America? 9eV@v  
60. What countries have in recentyears passed laws toward housing all citizens according to the passage? =]D##R  
v"s}7trWV  
Part IV Error Detection andCorrection (10 points, 1 point each) F6fm{  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts arelabeled A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect andmark out your choice on the Answer Sheet. Then, without altering the meaning ofthe sentence, write down your correction on the Answer Sheet. DO0["O74  
61. Chemistry did (A) not emerge like (B) a science until(C) after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then onlyrather (D) slowly and laboriously. H6~QSe0l  
62. But chemical (A) knowledge is as old as history, being(B) almost entirely concerning (C) with the practical arts of living(D). 2Ay2 G-  
63. This (A) basic chemical knowledge, which was applied (B) inmost cases as a rule of thumb, was (C) nevertheless depend (D) onprevious experiment. y(q1~73s  
64. The most serious problem was the vast (A) range of materialavailable (B) and the consequence (C) difficulty of (D) organizingit into some system. 7%o\O{,U  
65. The thinker or philosopher stood apart (A) from thismundane world, where (B) the practical arts appeared in (C) lackany intellectual content (D) or interest. jdhhvoQ  
66. Experts in (A) specific trades had developed (B) theirown techniques and guarded our (C) knowledge to prevent others from(D) stealing their livelihood. ;ymUMQ%;/  
67. That history is written (A) in the chemical makeup of(B) the planet's rocks and minerals, exposing (C) like layers of a cakealong many of its (D) valley and crater walls. k6dSj>F>  
68. From June 17 to September 5, 1993, the "East Turkistan" terrorist(A) organization was responsible (B) for ten explosion (C) atdepartment stores, markets, hotels and places for cultural activities in the southern(D) part of Xinjiang. ysSEgC3  
69. Under mounting pressures both at home and aboard(A), the Bushadministration is trying (B) to win support at the UN Security Council so (C) as to acquire more legitimacy for itsfuture military action (D) against Iraq. [jafPi(#g  
70. We must tackle (A) with the rootcauses of terrorism, avoiding (B) the negative sides of globalization,and strive for solutions (C) to other (D) non-traditional issues. b d%/dr  
. r R."_Z2  
Part V Translation (15 points, 3points each) Qs~;?BH&  
Directions: Translate the five underlined sentences in thefollowing passage into Chinese. Write down your translation on the Answer Sheet.  vH ` u  
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The ascendancy of the Net economy
As we cross the threshold into the next century, human society isbeginning its move from the industrial economy into the knowledge-basedeconomy. The general trend is that the 21st century will be a new era of theknowledge-based economy. The most notable characteristics of this new era ofthe knowledge-based economy is information-driven economic growth and globalization(71). z<)?8tAgq  
In more specific terms, the application of information to theeconomy is best exemplified in the networking of communication, or theso-called Net economy. This Net refers to the computer network of satellites,optic fibers, cables and telephone lines that connect the whole world. Withthe click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will betransported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-halftimes around the earth per second (72). }n8,Ga%  
Singaporehas an early start in networking. If we deposit a sum of money at aparticular POSB (邮政储蓄所) branch, we can withdraw our money from any other POSB branchesin Singapore(73). This was an early step in networking. The networks of the future wouldhave greater significance and implications. cA_v*`YL  
u0N1+-6kr+  
Generally,there are two aspects of the Net. One is the networking between businesses andtheir customers. The other is the networking between individual businesses, orthe regional and even global networking between industrial production andscientific research. The examples of the POSB and Internet shopping belong tothe first aspect. eoow]me  
y%iN9 -t  
b[H& vp  
From along-term perspective, Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of the Net,and it is not likely to become the most important trend. After all, mostmerchandise are unsuitable for Internet shopping. Besides, if everyone shops onthe Net, what will happen to our Orchard Road? Or New York's Broadway? A friendsaid if he were to force his daughter to shop on the Net instead of letting hershop at Orchard Road, the daughter would rather kill herself. yl)}1DPP  
ba|~B8rII[  
3_ObCsJ#,  
Therefore,the second aspect of the Net will be more important. Its significance goesbeyond that of connecting businesses. There have been reports ofsimultaneous consultation of doctors from all over the world, surgery on theNet and cooperation in research and development made possible by the Internet(74). These are early examples of high-level networking. O+c@B}[!  
:MpIx&  
T*O!r`.Ak  
Thepresident of Intel, producer of the Pentium micro-processors, feels that thenew synergy between computers and Net technology will have multipleimplications for industry of the future. The sheer power of electronic commerce(e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. Sporting goods companyPuma was on the verge of bankruptcy back in 1992. From 1993, Puma began todiffuse its production, logistics and marketing divisions to 80 Net enterprisesworldwide, and the results were spectacular. Puma was transformed from a sicklyfeline into a magnificent beast. The reason for this transformation is thatintra- and inter-business electronic links greatly increase the efficiency ofproduction, planning, the collecting of information and data exchange (75).As the business is rapidly being rationalized, production figures go up whilecosts come down. T|r@:t[  
hE+6z%A8  
Part VI Writing (20 points) 6Kg lp\2  
Directions: Writea composition of about 250 words on the topic Mistakes and Progress ”. Write down your composition on the AnswerSheet. uB0/H=<H  
"wA3l%d[Y  
Mistakes andProgress (76)
/6b(w=pk  
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CQQX7Y\  
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