独立主格特征 kn"(A .R
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 .@Dxp] /B}
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 g
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 BIWW Mg
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） )D82N`c2\i
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. mS~kJy_-
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. f8.gT49I
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). MO <3"@/,
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真题剖析
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. !GEJIefx_
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because w~?~g< q
虚拟语气（1） ?_"ik[w}
虚拟语气（2） E'.7xDN
• 1. （should）+动词原形 k/gZ ,
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 x* &|0n.D
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 nSAdCJ;4
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 df #$ 9 -
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 f\>M'{cV
would rather +动词过去式 ,47Y9Kz9
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真题剖析 cFnDmt I:
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … T+K ):u g
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t zXxT%ZcCj
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. r|PB* `
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C. decided D. demanded Gc; {\VU
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非谓语动词 [ )dXI IM
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 r_ 6ZO&
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) "#oHYz3D
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ouFYvtF g
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 NI
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真题剖析 scou% K
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 474SMx$
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops c~uKsU
主谓一致 (1) ,+xB$e
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 q):5JXql~
How you got there doesn’t concern me. &Ao+X=qw
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. dCk3;X U
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 JYd 'Jp8bP
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. X_|J@5b7
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ;n=.>s*XL'
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 E!l!OtFL
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `_R Tw5{
主谓一致 (2) A
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 [@b&? b~K
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. pDI VZC
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) k+C zj
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 2Mmz
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 5$&%r e!{Z
主谓一致 (3) /! $c/ QZ
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) K]0:?h;%Ld
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ahOM CZF|
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 `t9?
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. @ &:ar
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真题剖析 L>%o[ tS
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ~ga`\% J
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some &[/w_| b
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate $lIz{ySJv
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二、部分倒装 k"]dK,,
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” SNE#0L ' }
There stand big buildings in this district. q+]h=:5=I
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I*kK 82
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) [YT>*BH ?
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. cw W odPNm
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 fKeT~z{ ~
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 5qoSEI-m
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• 4. 表语位于句首 F[[TWf/
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. u[/m|z
Not far from here is a famous university. /&{$ p M|?
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 lBFMwJU)
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. p4i]7o@
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. J8)#PY[i4
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） z0*_ ^MH
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. jR#~I@q^
部分倒装
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• 1. 疑问句 _}VloiY
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） pd
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. s)2fG\1
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 -O!Zxg5x
Only when he comes back can be leave.
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• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 H0R&2#YD
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. D HT&,=
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) (N=5 .7"T
By no means should you break the rules. tP%{P"g3^
At no time should we give in to difficulties. j"@93D~
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) j>/ ,$H
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 4[-*~C|W5
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Ze3X$%kWi
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
