独立主格特征
Y! L-5|G
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 6.)ug7aF
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 KA?}o^-F
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 !Aj}
sh{
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） B $g \;$G
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. GNJ /|9
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. x qX3uq
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). [h'u@%N|/
F%6wd M W
真题剖析 O.+J%],
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 9E
^!i
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because = 6~
虚拟语气（1） K%dQ; C*?
虚拟语气（2） A;L
]=J
• 1. （should）+动词原形 %j\&}>P4$
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 o4" [{LyT
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
)c4tGT<
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 qHub+"2
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 3/+kjY/
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
&# e;`(*
would rather +动词过去式 qj;i03 +@
b WNa6x
真题剖析 }>6e-]MHfR
VZt%cq
• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … S=,czs3N
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t EsKgS\`RZ
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ~6;I"0b5
53. A. ordered B. pleaded
rp4D_80q
C. decided D. demanded bN/8 ~!
)8C`
EPe
非谓语动词 $Y7VA
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 7K. 75%}
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) nod&^%O"
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) q'8*bu _
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 p/ (Z2N"
p? L %'
2VY7?1Ab(@
真题剖析 `/[5/%
[QxP9EC
• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. UE^o}Eyg
Z|C,HF+m.
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops +UDt2
主谓一致 (1) LY0f`RX*&
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 oH w!~ c7
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4"@; .C""
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. UK,bfLPt~
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 T
*/I4"
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.
j;.P
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ;\w3IAa|V
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 U^KWRqt
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). tF),Sn|*
主谓一致 (2) z"
tz-~
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 x[lIib1s
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;<0vvP|
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1\(
N,'h
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） )tBz=hy#
He no less than John is interested in literature. .T7 CMkYt
主谓一致 (3) FQ
0&{ulb
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) [lML^CYQ
Either my father or my brothers are coming. I8 !>7`L
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 bhpaC8|
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ) !0}<_2
,iYhD-"'
真题剖析 L|Wrd T D;
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. *=oO3c0|b,
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 'GezIIaH
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate JYWoQ[ZO#>
倒装 =iB[sLEJ
o*A , 6 y
一、全部倒装 Rw
`ezC#
二、部分倒装 j~Pw t9G
DX! dU'tj
全部倒装 w-JWMg
Y8w
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Ba?1q%eG
There stand big buildings in this district. pNd`fV#jX
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. aPlEM_escS
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 1\,k^Je7
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. d1_kw
A2y
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ym5@SBqIx
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. &Ih }"
<o t`0
全部倒装 muXP5MO
• 4. 表语位于句首 c`x4."m
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. vfn[&WN]
Not far from here is a famous university. 5uG^ `H@ X
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ,
poc!n//
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. hzk!H]>E
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. kjPf%*3
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） rb@[ Edj
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. >Z*b0 j
部分倒装 [xY-=-T*4
• 1. 疑问句 DcFY b|p
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Dq Y"N ]
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. B &B4 P
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 .?CaU
Only when he comes back can be leave. |L
Jv*
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 _,0.h*c
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. Zs t)S(
部分倒装 >QJDO ]~V
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) -[vw 8
By no means should you break the rules. `+(n+QS _
At no time should we give in to difficulties. K M )MUPr
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) GIYdI#0RC
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” " LDNkw'
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. }\H. G
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
