独立主格特征 e&;e<6l&{
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 %`C*8fc&
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 7 A\`
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 bI &<L O
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 0~fjY^(
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =@Oo
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• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). _li3cXE
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真题剖析 cF8
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. W^[FWF UTY
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because G1z*e.+y
虚拟语气（1） X} k;(rb
虚拟语气（2） R'v~:wNTNs
• 1. （should）+动词原形 1Z}5ykM3
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 'GJB9i+a^
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 3^UdB9j;
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 O=2|'L'h!
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 qi4P(s-i
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 w ~*@TG
would rather +动词过去式 ^&?,L@
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真题剖析 N[/<xW~x?4
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … [
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t "|8oFf)l@B
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. U>PZ3
53. A. ordered B. pleaded ;MS.ag#
C. decided D. demanded dVb6u
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非谓语动词 jaoZ}}V_$
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 eg;7BZi
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) *?X &Y8Kf
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) #%E`~&[
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,cl bD4
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真题剖析 *igmi9A
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. &O' W+4FAc
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 8 1Kf X {|
主谓一致 (1) /z-rBfdy^
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 W;OGdAa_
How you got there doesn’t concern me. k$kE5kh,S
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !eyLh&]5
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 5T;LWS
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. J>_mDcPo
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 $nE{%?n-#
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ) ;0
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). g6Vkns4
主谓一致 (2) UXct+l
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 hV7EjQ p
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [PIMG2"G
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) UPfE\KN+p#
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） *Dp&;, b
He no less than John is interested in literature. )O[8 D
主谓一致 (3) 2| , $#V=
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) p.W7>o,[w
Either my father or my brothers are coming. HkD. W6A3
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Wg}KQ6
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. -m`|S q
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真题剖析 k[x-O?$O@
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. `:C1Wo^<
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ]t 0o%w
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate s@L ;3WdO
倒装 Mq91HmC(@
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二、部分倒装 g clj:7U
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :-x?g2M Y
There stand big buildings in this district. +`F(wk["m
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. [+WsVwyf?
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) J^"_H:1 [
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. IgbuMEfL
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 t]&.'n,
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. (%R%UkwP9
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• 4. 表语位于句首 Jl SqTfA
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. S[L@8z.Sj
Not far from here is a famous university. i7dDklj4
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 `)O9
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @6ckB (
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. M Q =x:p{
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） yl>^QMmo
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. f?Ex$gn I
部分倒装 ^fKKsfIf
• 1. 疑问句 n*GB`I*g
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Cnpl0rV~5
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. dtuCA"D
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 R.|h<bur
Only when he comes back can be leave. &# fPJc
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 gB#!g@
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. e[k\VYj[
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) < c @d E
By no means should you break the rules. Gad&3M0r
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Il/`#b@h
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) `mkOjsj &
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” (6[< +j&.
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. VIWH~UR)&!
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
