独立主格特征 KR49Y>s<
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Xyz w.%4c
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 )qbjX{GZ7
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 tAi
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• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 0Z11V9Jk
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Exu5|0AAE
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. O 7})1|>1
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). )qq5WShMJ
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真题剖析 T09 'qB
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. y ;$
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because u#Z#NP ~F0
虚拟语气（1） u`ezQvrcy
虚拟语气（2） Y8s.Q
• 1. （should）+动词原形 bJW
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 w4<n =k
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Y!1x,"O'H
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 uXm_ pQpF
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 eX 0due
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 DwNEq Hi
would rather +动词过去式 lL$no7HBy
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真题剖析 1SwKd*aRR?
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ->u}b?aF
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t yh'uH
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. [" PRxl
53. A. ordered B. pleaded sI OT6L^7
C. decided D. demanded ~ \yk{1S
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非谓语动词 voitdz
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 "oLY";0(=
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vFx0B?
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,?KN;~t#vz
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 sVNM#,
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真题剖析 IPa)+ ZQ
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Ni
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops TJ`Jqnh
主谓一致 (1) `;v5o4.`
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 7@u:F?c
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 1c19$KHu
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. d#Xt2
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ZGgM- O1
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. b!gvvg<
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 w\{oOlE
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 %VsIg
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ? f>pKe
主谓一致 (2) G5hh$Nmpi
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Jd-u ?
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） cms9 ]
He no less than John is interested in literature. n~C!PX E
主谓一致 (3) ;RW0 24
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) D\9-MXc1
Either my father or my brothers are coming. _ I
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 d7i 0'R
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |4?O4QN
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真题剖析 4O1[D? )`x
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. DD^ iEhG
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some nAY'1!O i
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate fXfO9{E
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二、部分倒装 _=ziw|zI
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district.
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. g k Rbb
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) TL *8h7.(
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. dWDM{t\}\
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 {ZR>`'^:
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. c2fqueK|:W
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全部倒装 pon0!\ZT=
• 4. 表语位于句首 '%\FT-{
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. [r f.&
Not far from here is a famous university. W &HF*Aw
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 W1;u%>Uh
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 3,[#%}1(S
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. `%nj$-W:
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） /@`kM'1:
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. h.WvPZ2U
部分倒装 C<u<:4^H
• 1. 疑问句 w4%yCp[,
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. c3]X#Qa#m$
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 Exu >%
Only when he comes back can be leave. `iT{H]po
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 x! R pRq9
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. B?pNF+?'z
部分倒装 .lE7v -e
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Z:3SI$tO
By no means should you break the rules. ;eQOBGX9
At no time should we give in to difficulties. L^><A P lX
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ;.EW7` )Z
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 2T > K!jS
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Li8$
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
