独立主格特征 Glxuz0]
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 s"9`s_p`d
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 U7doU' V/
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 CSGz3uC2D
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ~ zil/P8
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. IP`` O!WP
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 6 ` Aj%1
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). tniDF> Rb
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真题剖析 zUkN 0
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. T<JwD[ (
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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虚拟语气（1） >ELlnE8
虚拟语气（2） psnTFe
• 1. （should）+动词原形
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 . !1S[
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Z|_K6v/c
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 rj6tZJZ#o0
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ndjx| s)E
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 % VzKqh
would rather +动词过去式 ,*&G1|_6
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真题剖析 ?OE.O/~l
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 7_.11$E=H
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 4Ue_Y 'LmM
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. :l2g# * c
53. A. ordered B. pleaded PzV@umC1#f
C. decided D. demanded +$ $ $
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非谓语动词 -29gL_
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• 动名词、分词、不定式。 kloR#?8A
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) `%E8-]{uS
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) \S*$UE]uG
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 dWX stb:[
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真题剖析 Ul_M3"Z
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. AsPx?
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops G/d4f?RU
主谓一致 (1) K*IxUz (
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 v }sY|p"
How you got there doesn’t concern me. *d(SI<j
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2[B4f7
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ;uqx@sx ;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 9'DtaTmGW
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 R# n%cXc|
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). dl5=q\1=
主谓一致 (2) =H %-.m'f2
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 1 [E#vdbT
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. aup6?'G;
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) O lfn
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） c=[q(|+O!
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0@5E|< A
主谓一致 (3) /ahNnCtu?1
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) o<l 2 r
Either my father or my brothers are coming. '4OcZ/oI
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 H^~.mBP
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. T;\^#1
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真题剖析 .> Z,uT^A
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. mxFn7.|r~
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some /%n` V
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate -$ <O\5cAQ
倒装 C+F*690h
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一、全部倒装 i3mA fDF
二、部分倒装 V% CUMH =U
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Gzt
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There stand big buildings in this district. e kQrW%\3
Here on the desk lies a pile of books.
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• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) %G?K@5?j?
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. kGN||h
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 \&}G]
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. uD>z@J-v
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• 4. 表语位于句首 h3Fo-]0
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. I__ 4I{nI
Not far from here is a famous university. q42FP q
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ;?IT)sNY
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 8&}~'4[b[$
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 5)+F(
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Rt=
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. zTCP )x
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• 1. 疑问句 w;yx
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） l+
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. @?2n]n6
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 : d'65KMi
Only when he comes back can be leave. LXhaD[
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• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 d$1 #< -yP
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. UR>_)*
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Fu0 .~w
By no means should you break the rules. (zah890//
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ha'qIT 3&
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) -qn[HXq
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ;?im(9h"v!
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 'yT`ef
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
