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主题 : 语法重点总结
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楼主  发表于: 2007-11-10   

语法重点总结

独立主格特征 KR49Y>s<  
•    1. 充当句子的状语。 Xyz w.%4c  
•    2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 )qbjX{GZ7  
•    3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 tAi ~i;?  
•    4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 0Z11V9Jk  
•    例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Exu5|0AAE  
•         b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. O7})1|>1  
•         c) he entered the room, with his hands open (holding a rifle). )qq5WShMJ  
KscugX*x  
真题剖析 T09'qB  
•    (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are   46   of the material which would 47 feed them. y;$ !J  
45. A. For B. As   C. With    D. Because u#Z#NP ~F0  
虚拟语气(1) u`ezQvrcy  
虚拟语气(2) Y8s.Q  
•    1. (should)+动词原形 bJW P r  
•    It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 w4<n=k  
•    It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Y!1x,"O'H  
•    It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 uXm_ pQpF  
•    部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 eX 0due  
•    2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 DwNEqHi  
    would rather +动词过去式 lL$no7HBy  
9&O7F}VP2  
真题剖析 1SwKd*aRR?  
XwlF[3VbiX  
•    (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ->u}b?aF  
  47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t  yh'uH  
•    (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they   53 that the professor be sent home. [" PRxl  
53. A. ordered     B. pleaded sI OT6L^7  
    C. decided     D. demanded ~\yk{1S  
)wb&kug -  
非谓语动词 voitdz  
•    动名词、分词、不定式。 "oLY";0(=  
•    主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vFx0B?  
•    发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,?KN;~t#vz  
•    To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 sVNM#,  
SKdh!*G  
\pwg8p[4Q  
真题剖析 IPa)+ ZQ  
6%\&m|S  
•    (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Ni Y.OwKr  
^)%TQ.  
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops TJ`Jqnh  
主谓一致 (1) `;v5o4.`  
•    1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 7@u:F?c  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. 1c19$KHu  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. d#Xt2   
•    2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 ZGgM- O1  
  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.   b!gvvg<  
•    3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 w\{oOlE  
•    4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 %VsIg  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ? f>pKe  
主谓一致 (2) G5hh$Nmpi  
•    5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。  -8pQI  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2 r*Yd(e  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.   (--thing 的情况例外) Jd-u ?  
•    6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) cms9]  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. n~C!PXE  
主谓一致 (3) ;RW0 24  
•    7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) D\9-MXc1  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming.   _I A{I  
•    8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 d7i 0'R  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |4?O4QN  
HTw7l]]  
真题剖析 4O1[D? )`x  
•    (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. DD^iEhG  
  53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some nAY'1!Oi  
  54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate fXfO9{E  
倒装 9%6W_ 0>  
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一、全部倒装 60Szn]z'8[  
二、部分倒装 _=ziw|zI  
V0/O T~gS8  
全部倒装 e%K oecq  
•    1. “There (Here) +be+主语” MFqM 6_  
There stand big buildings in this district. 9n!IdqKN  
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. gkRbb   
•    2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) TL*8h7.(  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. dWDM{t\}\  
•    3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 {ZR>`'^:  
  In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. c2fqueK|:W  
|xX>AMZc)D  
全部倒装 pon0!\ZT=  
•    4. 表语位于句首 '%\FT-{  
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. [r f.&  
Not far from here is a famous university. W&HF*Aw  
•    5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 W1;u%>Uh  
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 3,[#%}1(S  
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. `%nj$-W:  
•    6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) /@`kM'1:  
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. h.WvPZ2U  
部分倒装 C<u<:4^H  
•    1. 疑问句 w4%yCp[,  
•    2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) 1Bh d-  
  Never did John speak rudely to his parents. c3]X#Qa#m$  
•    3. “only+状语”位于句首 Exu>%  
  Only when he comes back can be leave. `iT{H]po  
•    4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 x!R pRq9  
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. B?pNF+?'z  
部分倒装 .lE7v -e  
•    5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Z:3SI$tO  
  By no means should you break the rules. ;eQOBGX9  
  At no time should we give in to difficulties. L^><APlX  
•    6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)   ;.EW7`)Z  
•    7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” 2T >K!jS  
  Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Li8$ Rb~q  
  Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
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级别: 初级博友
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沙发  发表于: 2007-11-12   
谢谢,很需要
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