独立主格特征 {X{01j};8
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 NZ C<m$')
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ua6*zop
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 /v<e$0~s<
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ?h>(&H jWV
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ee__3>H"/
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. s.k`];wo
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). x`j_d:C~G
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真题剖析 'Q^G6'(SaK
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. [qc6Q:
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because dUBVp 9PB
虚拟语气（1） q[We][Nrzb
虚拟语气（2） `UzCq06rJ1
• 1. （should）+动词原形 TLR Lng
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 kC,D
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 G5X|JTzpu<
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 }J4BxBuV8
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7ZR0M&pX
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 {#d`&]
would rather +动词过去式 'h+4zvI"8
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真题剖析 .5$V7t.t$\
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … :W1tIB
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t j+ T\c2d
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. cmC&s'/8`D
53. A. ordered B. pleaded 0[3tW[j
C. decided D. demanded ~>wq;T:=
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非谓语动词 0v,`P4_k
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 `;8u9Ff
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) U7Sl@-#|
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) itv y[b-*
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 M KE[Yb?
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真题剖析 [~
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bB [*\
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops :8/M6- EK
主谓一致 (1) d+wNGN
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 P+ h<{%: *
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5&7?0h+I
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ~O3uje
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 d4rJ ?qw
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. f 0s<Y
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 OA5md9P;d
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 QS Q\@h;E
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). $1`t+0^k
主谓一致 (2) m
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 7D1`^,?
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. mJ#B<I'
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) GA@Q:n8UuR
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） "r(p K@h
He no less than John is interested in literature. 9kiy^0
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主谓一致 (3) Hw-oh?=
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 5~TA(cb5
Either my father or my brothers are coming. KPvYq?F>4
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 V?pO ~q o
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. C=f(Np
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真题剖析 W}i$f -K
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. %^BOYvPx
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 544I#!
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate CX2q7azG
倒装 uS10P7N}
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一、全部倒装 &wC.?w$
二、部分倒装 !
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全部倒装 ,#FH8%Yf
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” NjMLq|X
There stand big buildings in this district. #6Ph"\G/
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. .aRxqFi_
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |?b"my$g$
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. F4l6PGxF&\
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 K%@SS8!oy
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 9Qd'=JQl
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全部倒装 YLd%"H $n
• 4. 表语位于句首 #FM 'S|
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ^^(ZK 6 d
Not far from here is a famous university. -$p- o
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• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 4v JIO{m
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. spDRQ_qq
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. PQ|x?98
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） No+zw% l0E
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Nd)o1 {I
部分倒装 HAdm,
• 1. 疑问句 ^(B*AE.
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 5qko`r@#
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Darkj>$
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 7dW&|U
Only when he comes back can be leave. ]<_+uciP5[
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 a}{! %5
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 9(]j
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部分倒装 $SgD|
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ] lTfi0}g_
By no means should you break the rules. \ rO>F E
At no time should we give in to difficulties. -|mRJVl8
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) tx -bz Lo\
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Grv| Wuli
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. [ V~bo/n
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
