独立主格特征 _))_mxV{
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 @UD6qA
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 SdN|-'qf
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ;Iw C`!(#
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ,)%nLc
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. aY6]NpT
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. AM\`v'I*6
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). h}.0Ne
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真题剖析 AuSL?kZ4|Y
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. s}UPe )Vu
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because $7,n8ddRy
虚拟语气（1） ) 3Eax_?Z
虚拟语气（2） s!uewS.
• 1. （should）+动词原形 v"\Q/5p
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 e ~jp< 4
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 9^>nZ6
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 iwrS>Sm
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 0t'WM=W<!8
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 C {gYrz)
would rather +动词过去式 `G6Nk @9 .
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真题剖析 V] <J^m8
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Q(>89*b&
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t %Gh!h4Pv
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. _.yBX\tf[
53. A. ordered B. pleaded /5EM;Mx
C. decided D. demanded QzCu$ [
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非谓语动词 +)dQd T0Fq
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 Tz:mj
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) /2tgxm$}
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Vd1.g{yPV
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 DgGGrV`
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真题剖析 7 ?Q<kB=f
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t n>$5}^;
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops VK5| w:
主谓一致 (1) Hw-,sze j"
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 [y F>W$Bn%
How you got there doesn’t concern me. |kB1>$
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. mQ*:?\@
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 /J")S?. [u
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. MdV-;uf
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ZaIlo5
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -Jr6aai3+
主谓一致 (2) 5z tHar
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 38ChS.(
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2K 0HN
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 6`Zx\bPDm
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） y9kydu# q
He no less than John is interested in literature. @Fv"j9j-3G
主谓一致 (3) ;-Fr^|do y
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) M@ t,P?
Either my father or my brothers are coming. k GR5!8$z
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 'mx_]b^O
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. n%yMf!M
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真题剖析 A2.[P==
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. XaOq &7
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some mMo<C_~w&
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate iU]py
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一、全部倒装 7v\K,P8
二、部分倒装 unn2MP'
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ?+EN.P[;3
There stand big buildings in this district. '!Gnr[aR
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. AW Se!\b
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) CtItzp
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Ck< g0o6
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 9;,_Q q
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. g_{hB5N](7
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全部倒装 &d/ v/Y
• 4. 表语位于句首 e]N?{s
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Ji %6/zV
Not far from here is a famous university. M`{x*qR
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 zyey 5Z:7
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @#sBom+K`
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 7k b
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） F^Q[P4>m\
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. tTa" JXG
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• 1. 疑问句 "n'LF?/H'
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） #)im9LLC#
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ("HT0 &#a
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 5 $SO
Only when he comes back can be leave. K&{ *sa r
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 tg%U 2+.q
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. K]q9wR'q
部分倒装 Iz; hje4JL
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) [
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By no means should you break the rules. G(piq4D
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ;1`NsYI2
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) NG!~<Kx
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” K<`"Sr
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Oh9jr"Gm=
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
