独立主格特征 Sz'H{?"
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 OS]FGD3a
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 sG K7Uy
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 UJ^MS4;I3
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） dZIruZ)x
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. *\"+/
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ;cD &qheDV
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). U3OXO 1
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真题剖析 /)/>/4O
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 7S.E,\Tws
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 7:$zSj# y
虚拟语气（1） <R.Ipyt.
虚拟语气（2） h'|
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• 1. （should）+动词原形 Dxp.b$0t
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 m&{%6
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Qt(4N !j
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 \_|g}&}6Y
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \VAm4
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 "^&Te%x_b
would rather +动词过去式 g t|:K)[,6
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真题剖析 Q)L6+gW^
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … dO!5` ]
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t m>&:)K}m
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 1|/-Ff"1@
53. A. ordered B. pleaded 2Mw^EjR
C. decided D. demanded Qf .]Mw?Bm
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非谓语动词 /?_5!3K J
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 Gm.2!F=R4A
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) l inv K.Lf
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) >`o; hTS
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 w7`0
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真题剖析 N
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. @; `d\lQ
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops (K `@OwD
主谓一致 (1) X6G 2$|
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 qj:\ )#I
How you got there doesn’t concern me. [|tl Tk
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. (Q[(] dfc
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 # iVr @|,
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4H_Q Q6
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Yc2dq e>
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 fp?cb2'7
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7QM1E(cMg
主谓一致 (2) BI :O?!:9)
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 DW >|'w %
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. xV>sc;PEb
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) rq![a};~
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 3e ?J #;
He no less than John is interested in literature. 5# B M
主谓一致 (3) W,bu=2K6
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 4`'V%)M
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Qv;q*4_
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 wuKr 9W9Xa
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Rg%Xy`gS
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真题剖析 -fT}Nj\
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 80 "oT'ZFh
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some bEB9J-
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54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate (o518fmR
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二、部分倒装 }S 6h1X
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” c!]Q 0ib6
There stand big buildings in this district. q_z ;kCHM
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. BY>]6SrP
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) C=8I Ql[^e
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 & {=}U
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.
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全部倒装 R#4f_9e <Z
• 4. 表语位于句首
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. <[' ucp
Not far from here is a famous university. lY[\eQ
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• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 2[i(XG{/
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. FZtT2Z4
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. N9 T M
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） )WsR
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. WXd#`f %
部分倒装 H^<?h6T
• 1. 疑问句 \d-9Ndp
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） V\=%u<f
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. xtK}XEhG!
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 <jqL4! <
Only when he comes back can be leave. L'O=;C"f
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 q@i.4>x
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. YM#J_sy@J.
部分倒装 <K
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) &Z%'xAOGR
By no means should you break the rules. 'j;i4ie>*x
At no time should we give in to difficulties. n^` `)"
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ,qj M1xkL$
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” nPhREn!
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. c=aVYQ "2
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
