中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 xFcRp2W9R
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II. Vocabulary (10 points) .O+qtk!
PartA (5 points) @`X-=GCl
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices Nu%JI6&R
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the h c9?z}
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across 389puDjy
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. ^9Je8
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Example: aF'9
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She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ u+RdC;_
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically ZoiCdXvTN
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce Y_)aoRjB
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. e!5nz_J1}
Sample Answer wPl!}HNf
[A] [B] [C] [D] Ye8&cZ*.
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the B!hrr
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ /?; 8F
patriotism. Q(}TN,N
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable |x AwiF_
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and ;5P>R[p
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. ,cvLvN
8
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions
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3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it m_TZY_;
sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. at/v.U|F
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 1D fB9n
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife O/IW.t
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set |f^/((:D
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. GRC=G&G
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve Qhnz7/a9
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking g#V3u=I8~
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. >NN |vj
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated &/J[P dSb$
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and U4_<
frustrated thousands of users around the world.
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A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria T[=XGAJ
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of eBTy!!
competition in schools. s
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A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate G{ rUqo
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his $2F*p#l(<Z
grandparents lived. /|y3M/;F
A. reconciled B. consolidated b9(d@2MtK
C. deteriorated D. attributed L_jwM^8
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to '?Q [.{<
practice his Chinese. Y}"|J ~
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out Yuze9b\[
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be ..7"&-?g{4
distributed. MUNeGqv
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin 0-g,C=L
Part B (5 points) r{kV*^\E
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase "8Pxf=
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and _3T*[s;H
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. Tm_vo-
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square 7(~^6Ql!
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. @?K(+BGi
Example: P-No;/!B#
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one bqf=;N vog
.. ;.,ca, ODe /k1&?e
bour. gSu+]N
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable
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In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore h=4m2m
you should choose D. "S[VtuxPCU
Sample Answer UNYU2ze'
[A] [B] [C] [DD] [fR<#1Z
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional % 9BC%w]y
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. d2.eDEOsC
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze u
bP2ws
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their l},px
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. %<DRrKt
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate J;"XRE[%5
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. X.Z?Ie
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous -mX
_I{BJ
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would # JuO
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. q97Dn[>3
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries o,Ha-z]f
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and M?$-u
our own retirement security is ,chilling. c!Pi)
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing
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16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British "!
Mu5Ga
Crown. .# j)YG
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort (eO0Ic[c
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous Jz:d\M~j5
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different r*+9<8-ZX<
beorefical and political positions. mW8CqW\Q5
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous 7Zu!s]t
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women X[Y!=e4z
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. \=yg@K?"AJ
A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked LDPo}ogs
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up `$@1NL7>
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. rKJ%/7m
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive }E/L:
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a IyP\7WZ
more avid fondness for the limelight, Tm3$|+}$f
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal %
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III. Cloze (10 points) pd7FU~-
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each `+zr
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numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the B0R[f
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. o@pM??&x
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, u:,B"!
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The dr/!wr'&hS
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates
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___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in *"e[au^8*b
April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. )Fm
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too Yhlk#>I
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Xq)'p8C?
Yahoo. s#qq%
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During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed cL1cBWd
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the d!wd,Xj}
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed `>#X,Lw$g
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material }y[o[>
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet HQUL?URt
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected 9f"6Jw@F
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first =3J~Fk
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was $x2<D :
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". !8A5Y[(XD
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication
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in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ~;`i&s
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's *aT!|;
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, {_
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Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers 8;Pdd1GyUL
linked to the web. I'yhxymZ;
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend ' Uc|[l]
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned -u9{R \S
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer <]!IC]+
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record
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5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported 4Fz^[L}[
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable $YSOkyC?
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted j1d=$'a "
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate O'mX7rY<<(
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly LvA IAknc
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted VtmUK$k}I
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually HmiwpI
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. SBF3\
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed ~_oTEXT^O
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand 4t+88e
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched yqYX<<!V
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked "vJADQ4F
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath ?O3G
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden
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19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal Fd91Y
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains f2Slsl;
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) %8-S>'g'
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices jQdfFR
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark mPh;
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the H_2hr[
ANSWER SHEET. 4 IHl'*D[#
Passage 1 pp-Ur?PM
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break J|b1
K]
babies. kP6r=HH@
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children *V\kS
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the :G`_IB\
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities S%4hv*_c
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of K0v,d~+]
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often %DN&K
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit 2<O
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activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could Vz,WPm$I
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. 6SmSu\lgV
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd C$hsR&
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements qzLRA.#f^
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on 1TVTP2&Rd
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper [DE8s[i-
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the z~W@`'f
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters 1zM`g_(#
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them dYsqF
3f
refine their skills. 3Q
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The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students (&B &
V
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can OO$<
Wgh
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and B|%;(bM2C
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several ?e@Ff"Y@e
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for dfrq8n]
not building airplanes. |9Y9pked8
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their G ;z2}Ei
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might JvUKfsn u{
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has OUs2)H61
begun. o#T,vu0s
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and XJlun l)(K
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The W$3p,VTMmB
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read T#( s2
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, \\'!<Bn2d
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books eL(T
rather than for talking with other students. (zhmZm
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher &o8\ $A
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very WOwIJrP
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, 2M;{|U
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students
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and raise their interest in the course. $$8"i+,K
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ :+;F" _
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate 8IX6MfR}C
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ B@F 1!8l
A. educating students B. altering bad habits H7{ 6t(0j
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies n,0}K+}
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold -1< }_*
method? 2x{3' ^+l
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the RuHJk\T+
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. q<7Nz]Td
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young 6IvLr+I
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students 3wr~P
become frustrated or bored. [pOU!9v4
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is {o]OxqE@
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. #ucOjdquq
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his VE GUhI/d
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. JL*-L*|Zcl
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands Bz24U wcZ
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over s{CSU3vYmi
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than ,{.&xJ$
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? -m__I U
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. )`U T#5
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. (C. 1'<]
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that \F<]l6E
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted i=SX_#b^
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes |g7E*1Ie
exhausted a
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B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a W58\V
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be Y@pa+~[{h3
performed simultaneously vF*H5\ m<a
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde xxede
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into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes PPmZ[N9(;
a cue for not performing it {^N=hI
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child t=U[ ;?
make response incompatible with unwanted response i1sc oxX3\
Passage 2 n ,H;PB
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot K J~f ~2;
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. I]} MK?
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign yhTe*I=Gk
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many jCy2bE
companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing dLo%+V#/A
wralts . ZM5[
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Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international |_2O:7qe
advertising. lv{Qn~\y&
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it AJq'~fC;I
introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for C~:aol i;
new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can &hZcjdB
sound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car 6KV&E8Gn
with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales &&tQ,5H5
picked up" dramatically. psYfz)1;
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. /LJ?JwAvg5
3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising cDLS)
,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into CjIkRa@!x
Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". %(n4`@
When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with KaO8rwzDN
Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers _a c_8m
in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. RJ@d_~%U
Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good iT
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ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff EV]exYWB
aarketers are to avoid blunders. +-xA/nU.c
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, Lw-)ijBW
geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to Km-lWreTH
capture their target market. W"z!sf5U
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto &oNy~l
o
the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail utRvE(IbmV
reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in 8a"aJYj
many South American countries. <y~`J`-
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies hC~lH eH
are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive Z\TH=UA
to cultural distinctions. E]"ePdZZ/
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The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who G4ZeO:r
understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique \@gs
8K#
called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. HQTB4_K\
The process uses one person to translate a message into the target 2 }+V3/
language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture W0l|E&fj[
the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication hm?-QVRPV
of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes }1epn#O_4
misunderstandings. R (4 :_ xc
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot o^_z+JFwb
and simple. )%WS(S>8
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part tNfku
of the world may not be so humorous in another. _ ?=bW
46. The best title of this passage might be __ . A+:K!|w
A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag &vd9\Pp
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations d\xh>o
C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries =<R77rnY&
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles rOH8W
47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage? "7iHTV
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default KZ;U6TBiB
48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from )7[>/2aGd
Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? Up)b;wR
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations (9@6M8A
C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders y7$e7~}/
49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " most Fg`r:,(a
probably mean____ GS
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A. an animal used in perfume for its smell qvhTc6oH
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals w%j 6zsTz
C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals W!V06
.
D. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 2}'&38wMT
50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ .K;*uq:0
A.fire the translators who don't know the target language. DJT)7l {
B.use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of nD!C9G#oS
blunders NNb17=q_v
C. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes l*xA5Ob
V
D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries }a|SgI
Passage 3 =}u;>[3
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in ;m{[9i`2
pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive Su6ZO'[)
remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires ke'p8Gz
are now commonplace. 6D_4o&N
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a !\RR UH*
number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the ;@
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boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man U
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with many enemies wi!! be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the ^ D?;K8a-l
company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on X*}S(9cg\i
intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nightly XZJ }nXy
with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives are pcoJ\&&W
exceedingly dedicated. g}L2\i688
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him VS1gg4tCv
through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured hRtnO|Z6
individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the 6EP5n
symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading d cYUw]
may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. (gs"2
Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful ?gH[tN:=
socializing. /p?h@6h@y
These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep W5EB+b49KM
the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, v=iz*2+X
and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of (E\7Ui0Q
the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf eyes. He 'hg, W]
likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. eWW\m[k]}
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search fares," is a ~Se/uL;*
growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and 2Q-kD?PO,
aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each P=(\3ok
other's managerial ranks. SN\;&(?G
51. We can infer from the second paragraph that___ P;mmK&&
A. promotion depends on amiability +w%MwPC7`
B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level v|CR
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C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his
(B7M*e
subordinates 3:dQN;=
D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the "otP^X.
industry %(,JBa:G
52. The term "aerobic exercise" (fa'st line in second last paragraph) is a kind Of z*I=
____ (LkGBnXE
A. hallucination exercise ~~&8I!r e
B. physical exercise j""u:l^+x
C. meditation exercise `?2S4lN/
D. entertainment ;_1D-Mf
53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ____ <G}>Gk8x
A. there are too many aggressive executives Nq9@^ E-{M
B. individual talent is not essential for a company "qMd%RP
C. the job of an "executive search rum" is corporate head-hunting G0xk @SE
D. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial p/4GOU5g
ranks k
32Jz.\B
54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where J XbG|L
________ s{'r'`z.
A. they can conduct their business w)5eD+n\-
B. they can indulge themselves G#
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C. they can cultivate their mind u\<