By Voice of America n(}W[bZ4
Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 TFQ X} kr]
©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc.
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z O`;e^PhN
Parts of Speech Y"n$
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Prefixes IO@T i(,
Expressions ^$!H|
Science Words Z\\'0yuY(
Organs of the Body B24,;2J
PARTS OF SPEECH pV^(8!+
• n. (noun) - a name word e5GJ:2sH
• v. (verb) - an action word Vx~N`|yY
• ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word pX/42W
• prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation 7m<;"e)
• pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun ~jpdDV&u\
• conj. (conjunction) - a joining word 7 { n>0@_
注：用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 q-3e^-S*
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• a - ad. one; any; each Ec/-f `8
• able - v. having the power to do something i?+>,r@\p
• about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") >!g W]{
• above - ad. at a higher place t0"2S i
• accept - v. to agree to receive x\R%hGt
• accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event [b?[LK}.
• accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone :~ ; 48m
• across - ad. from side to side; to the other side y.6Yl**l
• act - v. to do something c+bOp
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• activist - n. one who seeks change through action S_|VlI
• actor - n. someone acting in a play or show 1 M<;}hJ{/
• add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more )/Mk\``j
• administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister }Y=X{3+~.
• admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") AB0>|.
• adult - n. a grown person .zQ'}H1.C
• advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision )bkJ [ '9
• affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") d,:3;:CR
• afraid - ad. feeling fear =* \(Y (0
• after - ad. later; behind 7K `Z<v&*
• again - ad. another time; as before gc"A Tc
• against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something [Q:C\f]
• age - n. how old a person or thing is Frd` u .I
• agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") ()`cW>[
• aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders EjjW%"C,
• ago - ad. of time past; before now :vWixgLg
• agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something QZ?%xN(4
• agriculture - n. farming Pgh)+>ON
• aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance 1!"iN~
• aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose '6 zk> rN
• air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe RkTO5XO
• air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 7c>{og6
• airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies ll#_v^
• airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land G$7!/O%#_
• album - n. a collection of recorded music d xk~
• alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products ps&p|
• alive - ad. having life; not dead rpn&.#KS
• all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount +|c1G[Jh
• ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose b 8~7C4
• almost - ad. a little less than completely 227 Z6#CF!
• alone - ad. separated from others ^oH!FN`;{
• along - ad. near or on ("along the road") k.K;7GZC
• already - ad. before now; even now %5-
• also - ad. added to; too L PK[
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• although - conj. even if it is true that *R8qnvE\()
• always - ad. at all times; every time 1Uf8ef1,
• ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) ?I}0[+)V
• amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) MgG_D6tDM
• ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns yI G*
• among - ad. in or part of (a group) nA 5-P}
• amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything Y>a2w zr
• anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness t#sw {RO
• ancestor - n. a family member from the past Z
rm !,qs
• ancient - ad. very old; long ago kO'_g1f<[
• and - conj. also; in addition to; with r>.^4 Z@
• anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something 6fcn (&Qk
• animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat +E8}5pDt
• anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past h JasnY7
• announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially t}A n:
• another - ad. one more; a different one yMCd5%=M\
• answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question rn"} @5
• any - ad. one or more of no special kind $kCXp.#k@~
• apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility ^ Z~'>J
• appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help
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• appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem w 7Y>B`wm?
• appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") 2 }HS`) /
• approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support nd?R |._R
• archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities Lf} @v
• area - n. any place or part of it q[T='!Z\
• argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree RiNKUk{-
• arms - n. military equipment; weapons ^d[ s*,i?
• army - n. military ground forces hp6%zUR
• around - ad. on every side (of) 2O~I.(9(
• arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 8`j;v>2
• arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip w+Cs=!
• art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues a}]zwV&
• artillery - n. big guns |=CV.Su
• as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while <D!\"C
• ash - n. the part left after something burns KN"V(<!)~
• ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") E%E3h1Ua
• assist - v. to help j )[
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• astronaut - n. a person who travels in space 3" OD "
• astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe ]\Tcy [5
• asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country !ENb \'>J>
• at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") jSyF]$"
• atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet TXlxnB
• attach - v. to tie together; to connect P{!r<N
• attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight , :!dq onn
• attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort utz!ElzA
• attend - v. to be present at u\-f\Z 7
• automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car C$1}c[
• autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter Jm+h
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• average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal Yy"05V.
• avoid - v. to stay away from liUrw7,
• awake - ad. not sleeping =O )dHY}
• award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service u!X$M?D4
• away - ad. not near 'RlPj 0Cg
B P*# H]Pv
• baby - n. a newly born creature ]B <Hrnn
• back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward Jz!8Xg%a
• bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good hK+Iow-
• balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal tfr*/+F
• ball - n. something round * \Y \$w
• balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air rmW,#
• ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting ^+JpI*,
• ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction =-`}(b2N
• bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money NY
'sZTM&
• bar - v. to prevent or block >C`b 4xQ
• barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult 3+<}Hm+
• base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") <
|M cE
• battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces (>x4X@b
• be - v. to live; to happen; to exist 3hOiHO
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• beat - v. to hit again and again 9=j"kXFf
• beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit ^G+1nY4? J
• because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") W2
7EU/+3
• become - v. to come to be G SXe =?
• bed - n. a sleeping place -v4kW0G
• before - prep. earlier _- &\~w
• begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start r=<Oy1m/
• behind - ad. at the back of; in back of C :/O]slH
• believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust )z/+!y
• bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") GqXnOmk
• belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of >;eWgQ6V
• below - ad. lower than (c ?OcwTH
• best - ad. the most good 1D 03Nbh|5
• betray - v. to turn against; to be false to +_tK \MN
• better - ad. more good than
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• between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") .az +'1
• big - ad. of great size; not small 3%Z:B8:< y
• bill - n. a legislative proposal D.zEE-cGyb
• biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms k/A8 |
• bird - n. a creature that flies DIH|6R
• bite - v. to cut with the teeth {
ZiJ nJX
• black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky /s"mqBXCG
• blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible
x2 *l5t
• blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm > 4>!zZ
• bleed - v. to lose blood S>isWte
• blind - ad. not able to see ES[H^}|Gi
• block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement m?DI]sIv #
• blood - n. red fluid in the body 1'or[Os3=
• blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") #~l(t_m{
• blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky vt@5Hb)
• boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods e^)+bmh
• body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal 8yEN
)RqI
• boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot qRkY-0vB
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• bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs (_h<<`@B
• bone - n. the hard material in the body )[&'\S OO
• book - n. a long written work for reading #@s[!4)_I
• border - n. a dividing line between nations c5x2FM z
• born - v. to come to life; to come into existence ]hNio6CVm
• borrow - v. to take as a loan Y5nj _xQJL
• both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together &[u%ZL
• bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid I E7%u 92
• bottom - ad. the lowest part of something \
ng!qN
• box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood qxKW% {6o
• boy - n. a young male person VfWU-lJ
• boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with LpC JfQ
• brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures ~6YTm6o
• brave - ad. having no fear nn[OC=cDN
• bread - n. a food made from grain A [W3.$s
• break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy j#:IG/)GL
• breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again je_:h D r
• bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other Hw"Lo Vh
• brief - ad. short; not long t&5N{C:
• bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color in}d(%3h
• bring - v. to come with something JZ=ahSi
• broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program P){b"
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• brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person (*qMs)~]B
• brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee 4FwtC"G3
• budget - n. a spending plan CMu/n]?c
• build - v. to join materials together to make something 7 )
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• building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment % YgGw:wZ
• bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun N{b ;kiZq
• burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire 3m;*gOLk6
• burst - v. to break open suddenly .VD:FFkW
• bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth oU|yBs1
• bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people `^d [$IbDW
• business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade M ~h^~:Lk
• busy - ad. doing something; very active O@9<7@h+Nl
• but - conj. however; other than; yet <GdQ""X
• buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money yj<j>JtN
• by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") "UM *(&
C (~ k{aO
• cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government BYuoeN !
• call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") s?Wkh `b
• calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense O YY
k[r
• camera - n. a device for taking pictures xZ\`f-zL
• camp - n. a place with temporary housing xZE% Gf_U
• campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war Uo
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• can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal "| ,;~k1
• cancel - v. to end; to stop P#j >hS
• cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body c.?+rcnq
• candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor sj W;Nsp
• capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is ]r&dWF
• capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies WHk rd8
• capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of k $d+w][
• car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train h 0c&}kM
• care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest TBU.%3dEyI
• careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought znq/
%7
• carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another nW "ml$
• case (court) - n. a legal action Om,M8!E
• case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") #J w\pOn
• cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans e b*w$|y6"
• catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands 6Gj69L
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• cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result kf -/rC)>
• cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement |]=s
• celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities (
L ]C
• center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity V|T3blG?D
• century - n. one hundred years {!av3Pz\
• ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition sqjv3=}
• chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group EG
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• champion - n. the best; the winner k 1sR^&{l
• chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen ^BN?iXQhN
• change - v. to make different; to become different =>u9
k:('9
• charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something zK f.jpF^
• chase - v. to run or go after someone or something B `;DAs mT
• cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from ?5U b&{
• cheer - v. to shout approval or praise yq,% ey8
• chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry !vwx0
• chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
5;yV A
• chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important FZJyqqA$_
• child - n. a baby; a boy or girl 6JZ$
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• children - n. more than one child
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• choose - v. to decide between two or more 1 z5\>F
• circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" +`$[h2Z=:
• citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law {S=gXIh(y
• city - n. any important large town |vf /M|
• civilian - ad. not military :eR[lR^4*
• civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation r\ f|r$i
• claim - v. to say something as a fact _3{,nhkf:!
• clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose /`YbH YNF[
• clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") qW(_0<E
• clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood mzoNXf:x
• clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization 8QaF(?
• climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place @[] A&)B
• climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands \y*,N^w u
• clock - n. a device that measures and shows time jpW(w( $XL
• close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to |Je+y;P7
• cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances eOI#T'5
• clothes - n. what people wear 8OW504AD
• cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky {Vj25Gt
• coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel TV &4m5
• coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together Vy:M K9U2
• coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean ^68BxYUoD\
• coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name x w%'R-
• cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature NA`EG, 2
• collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") S3( 2.c~
• college - n. a small university m K2M1r
• colony - n. land controlled by another country or government !agtgS$qII
• color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others =*u:@T=d5
• combine - v. to mix or bring together VS I.c`=,
• come - v. to move toward; to arrive wc
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• command - v. to order; to have power over something 0- 'f1 1S
• comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something } nW) +
• committee - n. a group of people given special work ecI[lB
• common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") & _!g|-
• communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information 5E#koy7
$s
• community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area u+RdC;_
• company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes bof{R{3q
• compare - v. to examine what is different or similar s: .5 S
• compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others zFtw Aa =r
• complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished X|WAUp ?
• complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple z Dk^ ^'
• compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded W ,^(FR.
• computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others >Tm|}\qEb
• concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") T Z7{ cekQ
• condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad " lp),
• condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health O_p:`h:
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• conference - n. a meeting Ass8 c]H@
• confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true cJ%u&2J_
• conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one ='7n
• congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck .bm#|X)RO
• Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries A;sd rA
• connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link eq SCNYN
• conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change 1 D fB9n
• consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully Z:#-4Ci P
• constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government {V!Jj6n
• contain - v. to hold; to include j${:Y$VmE
• container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something #lax0IYY=
• continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world <%JRZYZ
• continue - v. to go on doing or being yT42u|xZA
• control - v. to direct; to have power over VZ*Q|
• convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose E\r5!45r
• cook - v. to heat food before eating it !}()mrIlP
• cool - ad. almost cold : 5@cj j
• cooperate - v. to act or work together hGH{Xp[mW
• copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another E0 c5
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• corn - n. a food grain W|T"'M _
• correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right P,!k^J3:l
• cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") 181-m7W
• cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name 4yC{
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• count - v. to speak or add numbers /D_8uTS>d[
• country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities piO+K!C0n:
• court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law F'Fc)9qFa<
• cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing ?x @B Ze
• cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk M~7?m/Wj
• crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force :*1Gs,
• create - v. to make; to give life or form to h^$>{0"
• creature - n. any living being; any animal or human @
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• credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time C9Fc (Y?_
• crew - n. a group of people working together C^r 3r 6
• crime - n. an act that violates a law ap\2={u^|
• criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime lw? f2_fi
• crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation ~@z5Ld3xz
• criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge )G
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• crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables QA.B.U7!
• cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across .F)b9d[?
• crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place m
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• crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely Np|i Xwl1
• cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain pZGs o
• culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population .4F(Y_c
• cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") |MMr}]`
• curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses )sB`!:~HjP
• current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") u[ s +YGS
• custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people ^gky i/z
• customs - n. taxes on imports o L
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• cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce MH"c =mL:
BD=;4SLT
D %<DRrKt
• dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water AGCqJ 8`|T
• damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things 1
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• dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music %
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• danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss < 2H 0m
• dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") $j{ynh)^
• date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year d-N<VVcy\
• daughter - n. a person's female child ZQl[h7c/N
• day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight `p#A2Ap A
• dead - ad. not living 7GK| A{r
• deaf - ad. not able to hear .Ji
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• deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") ej%C<0/%n
• debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument (eO0 Ic[c
• debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing T
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• decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge Fl*@@jQ8cV
• declare - v. to say; to make a statement X dB#+"[
• decrease - v. to make less in size or amount m> NRIEA6
• deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom p2&KGt X'
• defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost IUc!nxF#
• defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 5QS d$J
• deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports V!}, a@>p
• define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain k,?Y`s
• degree - n. a measure of temperature Nb]qY>K
• delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late <o?qpW$,>
• delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another qU2> V
• demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force k9R1E/ ;
• democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions pd7 FU~-
• demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") `+zr
PpX
• denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely Xd|5 {
• deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request mDV 2vg
• depend - v. to need help and support 9w0 ^=
• deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness {v`wQM[
• deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action ,cC4d`
• depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs OH)SdSBz
• describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something Zs{ `Yf^
Q
• desert - n. a dry area of land sgB3i`_M
• design - v. to plan or create plans for &F.lo9JJ
• desire - v. to want very much; to wish for ~^5uOe
TZ~
• destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of n .A[Z
• detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information R2~Rqlti
• develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress qx!IlO
• device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose l0@$]76cX;
• dictator - n. a ruler with complete power UoKBcarm
• die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end +ZZiZ&y
• diet - n. usual daily food and drink 3G>E>yJ
• different - ad. not the same ;
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• difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out $x2<D :
• dig - v. to make a hole in the ground !8A5Y[(XD
• dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") [yVU
p+
• diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government u?'X%'K*
• direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") _D+7w'8h
• direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to {u5)zVYC,U
• dirt - n. earth or soil Nv ew^c)x
• disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist qBwqxxTc
• disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device 4 l3N#U0Q
• discover - v. to find or learn something CRqa[boU*
• discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas Fvv6<E
• disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria Xg%zE
• dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider W&yw5rt**
• dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate ER|5_
• dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government ?=T&
| pp
• distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") ,~kM kBkl~
• dive - v. to jump into water head first +V7 p?iEY
• divide - v. to separate into two or more parts "xO`&a {
• do - v. to act; to make an effort \Lc]6?,R
• doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people AzQ}}A;TSx
• document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something J$P]>By5:
• dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans $z bg
• dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents U $J]^-AS
• door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room xFvSQ`sp
• down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place EfUo<E
• dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future P&S R;{:y
• drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth Y/
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ay[ 6
• drive - v. to control a moving vehicle u9&p/qMx2
• drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower {:dE_tqo
• drown - v. to die under water (;M"'. C
• drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind ov+qYBuFw
• dry - ad. not wet; without rain }i[jJb`bY
• during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) MdKZH\z/
• dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air q<UqGj7#
• duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just :V"}"{ (6
E du qu}*Jw
• each - ad. every one by itself &0l Nj@/
• early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late l&yR-FJ7KY
• earn - v. to be paid in return for work done JxWH
rs h[
• earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil 4EELaP|%
• earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface D"Xm9
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• ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult mB,7YZ
v
• east - n. the direction from which the sun rises '(Bs
<)(H
• easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do HC0puLt_
• eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth b6i0_fOO
• ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things COT;KC6
n
• economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized &sKYO<6K }
• edge - n. the line where something ends or begins v#X? KqD
• education - n. the act of teaching 9}\T?6?8pX
• effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") [DE8s[i-
• effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something hb_Ia]b
• egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby x O)nS _I
• either - ad. one of two, but not the other r`krv-,O$
• elect - v. to choose by voting I;`V*/s 8"
• electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines l^vq'<kI
• embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants LY|h*a6Ym
• emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action 1idEm*3&(
• emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness q4Z
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• employ - v. to give work in return for wages QVP
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• empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything <wuP*vI "h
• end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last toCN{[
• enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war 6 Ym[^U
• energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active A ssf
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• enforce - v. to make something be done
P aZ FM
• engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work qmK!d<4
• engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
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• enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something +-oXW>`&
• enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed !98 s[)B:
• enter - v. to come or go into )rXP2Z
• environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals Ve=0_GR0
• equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights F| PYDC
• equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity &
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• escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
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• especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") !K hsx
• establish - v. to bring into existence; to create =HSE
• estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information A$oYw(m#
• ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived :+ ;F" _
• evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas h? TE$&CL?
• even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") KavRW.w
• event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance r^@*Cir
• ever - ad. at any time weu'
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• every - ad. each one; all CSD8?k]2
• evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing GoF C!nx
• evil - ad. not good; extremely bad 6 o+zhi;E
• exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail :n>h[{ o%
• examine - v. to study closely @z2RMEC~
• example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like P_qxw-s
• excellent - ad. extremely good ")LF;e
• except - prep. but for J%}}( G~
• exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another W 9u (
• excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action SKYS6b
• execute - v. to kill S</" ^C51J
• exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health & XrV[d[>
• exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country <H 3}N!
• exist - v. to be; to live :Z/ i g%
• expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger bG5 c~
• expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event Gd'^vqo<
• expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away x^SE>dy ?z
• experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") +\{!jB*g
• experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something =XYfzR
• expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training 9,9( mbWJv
• explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning xXyzzr1[
• explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb `yx k
Sb
• explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely W58 \V
• export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale Y@pa+~[{h3
• express - v. to say clearly $x 2t0@
• extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time d$>1 2>>
• extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
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• extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted .Oim7JQ8
• extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way K{ 0m
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• face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger zS?L3*u
• fact - n. something known or proved to be true K J~f ~2;
• factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made @@! R
Iq!
• fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal <x1 (}x:u`
• fair - ad. just; honest; what is right 2Yyc`o0R;h
• fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position NW~n+uk5v
• false - ad. not true; not correct ]5}
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• family - n. the group that includes children and their parents 7IFUsli]
• famous - ad. known very well to many people ` !rHH
• far - ad. at, to or from a great distance z[7U>q[E
• farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food )+ S" `
• fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick LtC kDnXk
• fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy o fN|%g /
• father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children ! 5[?n3
• fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") ey y&JjV s
• federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government ZL-@2ZU{1
• feed - v. to give food to #opFUX-
• feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching .' SM|r$
• female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women S6K aw
• fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out RMsr7M4<91
• fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much & {B,m%G
• few - ad. not many; a small number of `<[Zs]Fe 4
• field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals l&E- H@Pe
• fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry Q:tW LVE#0
• fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle ZLBfQ+pM)
• fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more qxE~Moht
• film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie ^@jOS{f l
• final - ad. at the end; last cITQ,ah
• financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks K\o!
• find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") UD"e:O_
• fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin JTdK\A >l
• finish - v. to complete; to end
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• fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning /k7 `TUK
• firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations -rU *)0PR
• firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") @{~x:P5g
• first - ad. coming before all others b)
.@ xS
• fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water 3/4xP|
• fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") >b<
br
• fix - v. to make good or right again u:fiil$
• flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization !)
LMn
• flat - ad. smooth; having no high places %vyjn&13
• flee - v. to run away from %z1 WdiC
• float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air j r'O4bo%
• flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land > .~^(
• floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") BxlpI[yWq
• flow - v. to move like a liquid 3 u-j`7
• flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds G8eAj%88
• fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid Z#MPlw0B
• fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle P xy(YMv
• fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground dIMs{!
• follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey A+:K!|w
• food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth & vd9\Pp
• fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily d\xh> o
• foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks =<R77rnY&
• for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") aCy2 .Qn
• force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group "7iHTV
• foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country Z }$
. Tm
• forest - n. a place of many trees <86upS6
• forget - v. to not remember '2v,!G]^
• forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt ) T
3y ,*
• form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") A]ciox$AjW
• former - ad. earlier in time; not now # 1I<qK
• forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front bWG}>{fj
• free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost cA A J7?
• freedom - n. the condition of being free +X"TiA7{j
• freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold ~ @ MIG
• fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent BX2&tQSp
• friend - n. a person one likes and trusts >"N \ZC^
• frighten - v. to cause great fear N{
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• from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") 1,9RfY V
• front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part +2MsyA?6_
• fruit - n. food from trees and plants ] QtG gWtC
• fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power l *xA5Ob
V
• full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete }a|S gI
• fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness Oa
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• funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead d
V.)+X7<
• future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") nakhepLN
G 5 /> G)&
• gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase 2l E {
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• game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports ;(TBg-LEK
• gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power l?Bv9k.^?
• gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect 6D/5vM1
• general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all pjrVPi5&t
• gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent K ;gm^
• get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of jKM-(s!(
• gift - n. something given without cost *M6M'>Tin
• girl - n. a young female person E':y3T@."
• give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment pG:FDlR~
• glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids Op\l
• go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave fb&K.6"
• goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race
o _X"+ s
• god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers V92e#AR
• gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal n[ AJ'A{
• good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad Kc}FMu
• goods - n. things owned or made to be sold 8 mV`|2>
• govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power aG`G$3 _wx
• government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area f*bs{H'5
• grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds 5 S7\m 5
• granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son ?N&"WL^|
• grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother [
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• grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother &
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• grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son By:A9 s
• grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves CIYTs ,u#
• gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white b"/P
• great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important - "h
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• green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass i *nNu-g
• grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing oT_k"]~Q~2
• ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil L+9a4/q
• group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose UXR$ 7< D+
• grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount M)i2)]F S
• guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen &AoXv`l4
• guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") !sK{:6
s
• guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police co yy T
• guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way y* 2:(nI
• guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action (VU: &.
• gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
