T 1
QnaZhu'
• take - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.") n xR\tBv
• talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion 2|U6dLZ!
• tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short D&p
X0
• tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns Z`|\%D%
• target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at ^(@]5$^Z
• taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") (f~}5O<
• tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services e@S\7Ks
• tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name PYzTKjw
• teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand E*kZG HA
• team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports B~J63 Os/
• tear - v. to pull apart, often by force 9l:[jsk<d
• tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying 06v'!M
• technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.") GiXs`Yt|
• technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services Vup|*d2r0E
• telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances woF {O)~X
• telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger wF59g38[z$
• television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver Xg\u nUHa
• tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command . Yz^r?3t
• temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold Zv?"1Y< L
• temporary - ad. lasting only a short time Q ]/{6:C
• tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm 2L51 H(
• term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it +Fh,! `
• terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear I :b
T"N
• territory - n. a large area of land fN:FD`
• terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear bfpoX,:
• terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government ]86*k %
A
• test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
i 9`-a/
• than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.") &qIdT;^=I
• thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.") tx Qr|\4k
• that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.") i C B:p
• the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about Vock19P
• theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed ml!c0 <
• them - pro. other people being spoken about x|() f 3{.
• then - ad. at that time; existing; and so P8;1,?ou
• theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.") +oHbAPs8
• there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place m'k>U4
• these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already 4]-
7S l,
• they - pro. those ones being spoken about ; E >#qYC6
• thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin (.L?sDQ</z
• thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick 7@m+ y
• thing - n. any object ~k}O"{
y
• think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe ;:>q;%
• third - ad. coming after two others @P i]kWW})
• this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already 7r.~L
• threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage L]&y[/\E1
• through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by e"*ho
[
• throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm Vo%Z|
• tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.") 1+Ik\
• time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place o|#F@L3i
• tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest /E i e5p
• to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose wjgF e]
• today - n. this day ]&`=p{Z
• together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation $H]NC-\+>
• tomorrow - n. the day after today BN FYUcVP
• tonight - n. this night dO,; k +
• too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary %Nob B
• tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work ya, -Lt
• top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something /W LZyT2
• torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from Gi2Fjq/Y
• total - n. the complete amount _{eA8J(A<
• touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on "pH;0[r]
• toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to U}5]Vm$]
• town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city i' ^! SEt
• trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services vg _ PMy\
• tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time )@y7 qb
• traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway , q{~l f -
• tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible -dfs8 [i
• train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad #C
B Kt,
• transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another }n'W 0 Sa
• transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people ! T8sWMY
• trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals #YK3Ogb,
• travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance @ e$EwCV,
• treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies $
d,{I8d
• treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value Uty0mc(
• treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure sb?!U"v.'
• treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better t -fmA?\
• treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations /;E=)(w
• tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves :C,}DyZy
• trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true [~`p~@\+
• tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader 5l%g3F
• trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something kVG+Wr7l0F
• trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance qG g2 9
• troop - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group [ UB*39D7
• trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems Bqb`WX[<`
• truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved zvdIwV &oT
• truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods t3K9 |8<
• true - ad. correct; not false ]6O(r)k
• trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm L&uPNcZ`-
• try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime 0(&Rm R
• tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept F|o 1
r
• turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape :
Cli8#
U ro e_H>
• under - prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action is not permitted under the law.") &h=f
• understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of HsT 6 #K
• unite - v. to join together j_0l'S aj
• universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars N$.ls48a4-
• university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations M8y|L m}o
• unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.") G9K& }_,
• until - conj. up to a time; before ,_=LV
• up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value /BhP`a%2Q
• urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something Rd5pLrr[0)
• urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action T]b&[?p|a[
• us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.") #BZ5Mxzj
• use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action $v"CQD
• usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard .G"T;w 6d
V 'A1y~x#2B
• valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land A.r.tf}:
• value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold j)ju vat
• vegetable - n. a plant grown for food RK)ikLgp
• vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck KxfH6:\RB
• version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms }wEt=zOJ
• very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.") qP=a:R-
• veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve GSH,;cY
• vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate GpR,n2
• victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked m93{K7 O2e
• victory - n. a success in a fight or competition W v,?xm
• village - n. a very small town U2\k7I
• violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) F:.8O ,%u
• violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage *0r!eD
• visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons 4]Gm4zO
• voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking <YCR^?hJSi
• volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air )]m4FC:
• vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing {~ w!
W `
H^
H #W
• wage - n. money received for work done K;TTGK
• wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone 'l-VWqR-
• walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other {WeRFiQ?-
• wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land \ oP
• want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need (;HO3Z".q$
• war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons V {}TG]
• warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat +5kQ;D{+
• warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen a@?ebCE
• wash - v. to make clean, usually with water _~*ba+{
• waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body 9G6auk.m.O
• watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for Y
&i&H=U
• water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans > R\@W(-g`
• wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean HEK ?z|Ne
• way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method i}))6
• we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.") a4q02 cV
• weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong oL9ELtb ]s
• wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value 2D3m Tpw
• weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war oV~S4
|9:
• wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes ;;EF iaA
• weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold p\]rxtm
• week - n. a period of time equal to seven days h?GE-
F
• weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is j
?! /#'
• welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops ,JJ1sf2A
• well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found 9a'}j#mJo
• west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down Oo Zv\"}!_
• wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry :QMpp }G
• what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.") 8%b-.O:_$
• wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain o;pJjC]
• wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center Ek '% % %
• when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.") 4 HGR-S/
• where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.") mDA1$fj"
• which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?") 9;A9Q9Yr
• while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.") 3C#Sr6
• white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow #
5^S @}e
• who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") <?!%dV{z
• whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces ' KNg;
• why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.") p.vxrk`c
• wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited $oi8 <8Y
• wife - n. a woman who is married 4uv*F:eo
• wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled Z%VgAV>>
• will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.") =>xyJ->R
• willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.") e.;B?0Qr V
• win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle qK&h$;~*y
• wind - n. a strong movement of air #-g2p?+i&
• window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass :U'Oc3l#Y
• winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring ~fz9PoC
• wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another WAb@d=H{+>
• wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions 4?aNJyV%&
• wish - v. to want; to express a desire for pA@BW:#
• with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door") &t74T"(d
• withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove !f# [4Xw
• without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing 5 Yx
7Q:D
• woman - n. an adult female human ->&amPv
• wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise 2L7ogyrU/A
• wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good W_| 7hwr
• wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made o@r~KFIe
• word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language $_
k:{?
• work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money W%K=N-kE_
• world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth j$kh
G R!
• worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen c.;<+dYsm*
• worse - ad. more bad than 3xpygx9
• worth - n. value measured in money
jN sM&s,
• wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken kC0^2./p
• wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken bN.U2 %~!
• wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed p~Mw^SN'
• write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper u !I
=|1s
• wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right W^1)70<y
Y QQX7p!~E
• year - n. a period of time equal to twelve months a O(&<
• yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun sm;\;MP*yH
• yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit X5o{d4R L
• yesterday - n. the day before today m7,;Hr(
• yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.") kr5'a: F)
• you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to F!ra$5u
• young - ad. in the early years of life; not old r _M5:Rz
Z G'6f6i|<I@
• zero - n. the number meaning none or nothing =
-n 7/
• zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study QhmOO-Z?
COMMON PREFIXES qJEtB; J'
• dis - not (dishonest, disobey) [knwp$
• pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government) e>< ,WM,e
• re - to do again (reorganize, reunite) )r:gDd#/X
• self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed) cW\Y1=Gv|
• un - not (unusual, unhappy) m7m)BX%O
COMMON EXPRESSIONS .oxeo 0@~
• carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.") >I;J!{
• pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.") >7 nOR
• take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.") @7OE:& #V
WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS b n
0Rv
• atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements -owap -Va
• bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease 6B`,^8Lp
• cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals bDM;7fFp$
• chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes WEk3
4crk
• compound - a substance containing two or more elements ]ag^~8bG
@
• dense - close together; thick Gque@u
• electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force wVtBH
_>
• element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances 0;x<0P
• enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself L Q A6iZBP
• fetus - unborn young r>x
>aJ
• fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy )dZ1$MC[
• fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy SoL"M[O
• gene - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid uP BtR
• genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism ud GZ%Mr_
• gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth Ai.^~#%X
• image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing 5u&hp
• laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light oAxCI/
• magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism 5WU ? Km
• molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist Bu,VLIba
• nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain jK-usn
• nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell <%EjrjdvL+
• nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) L<H6AzR+
• nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow m00 5*>IY
• organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain )b;}]C
• organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope DzE_ p-
zs
• particle - a very small piece of matter SbN.z
• protein - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue >19j_[n@VC
• robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks SH#!
Y
• tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing t[Ywp!y[
• virus - a kind of organism that causes disease eC Xw8
• x-ray - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine 8I,/ysT:
ORGANS OF THE BODY \K(QE ~y'W
• heart - pumps blood through the body bd@1j`i
• intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body /[#5<;
• kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body |^$?9Dn9.L
• liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood Sx}61 ?
• lung - takes in and expels air from the body FG6mh,C!
• prostate - a part of the male reproductive system #x[3@zP.
• stomach - breaks down food for the body to use u[?M{E/HU
• uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops Rq RyZ*n
Parts of Speech $7 'KcG
Prefixes - Vhxnh S
Expressions U#
7K^(E9
Science Words ?N(opggiD
Organs of the Body hT?|:!ED.F
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
