英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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一般时
eb8w~ x)_@9ldYv 进行时
DBs* F x[ .~gl19#:T 完成时
Fv)7c4 (:+>#V )pZ 完成进行时
l**;k+hw p=QYc)3F 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
%An W~v )2E%b+" 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
U t)r&? 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
9(!]NNf! should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
B )JM%r 一般过去时的用法
G 8Y+w ]> Y/r-! 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
7CB#Y P?E When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
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Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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A 2）句型：
i$-#dc2qY It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
HpexH{.u) It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
t^tCA - It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
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[ It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
zSjgx_#U would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
K.SeK3( I'd rather you came tomorrow.
'?Iif#Z1 >AI<60/< 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
1;W=!Fx I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
8Xm@r#Oy 5 H "+c)FGi 比较：
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> 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
f8:$G.}i Christine was an invalid all her life.
ui BTnG" (含义：她已不在人间。)
Eo{EK I1 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
"6I[4U"@ (含义：她现在还活着)
f(u&XuZ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
CJq c \I~ (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
<uF [, Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
pX<a2F P ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
B[xR-6phW '.p? 6k!K 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
&P n] 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
YlUpASW Did you want anything else?
XS 0V:<+, I wondered if you could help me.
WaYO1*= 2）情态动词 could, would.
1| xN%27> Could you lend me your bike?
2;N@aZX 一般将来时
9!t4> $au2%NL qB JRS'6'9 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
kQ }s/ * will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
&LU'.jY Which paragraph shall I read first.
dB`b9)Tk0z Will you be at home at seven this evening?
^"tqdeCb= 98<zCSe\] 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
oO:LG%q a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
4Vx+[8W What are you going to do tomorrow?
YY!! <2_ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
#^\}xn" [ the play is going to be produced next month。
h[l{ 5Z* c. 有迹象要发生的事
.S|-4}G(6 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
J<_ 1z':W) R` C.ha 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
{Tx 3$eU We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
Fd"WlBYy0 J3\)Jy 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
0=,'{Vz}A He is about to leave for Beijing.
s=\7)n=,M 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
mCrU//G 现在进行时
Nz @8 J=L` ]XE 0nT%Slbih Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
0hZxN2r (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
f<=^ 4 a She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
$Q,n+ / c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
Zr R+QV the leaves are turning red.
;;6\q!7` It's getting warmer and warmer.
: b,o B==% d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
Qasr:p+ You are always changing your mind.
vF+YgQ1H z.A4x #>- 典型例题
&{ hc My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
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Q A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
_jk|}IB;X 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
o[2Y;kP3*P 过去进行时
] :GfO go (S 3jZ 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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X %s]" ZG!x$ yi$ 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
)e#fj+>x) 7ia "u+Y 3) 常用的时间状语
I_K[!4~Kn this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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[gTQ- jf2y0W>6s My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
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7Nb90v It was raining when they left the station.
"C?:T'dW When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
5~*=#v: ` IBzHR[#,^ 典型例题
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X 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Bfu/9ad A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
Mi_[9ku>% 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
jw%fN!? l85O-g}M 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
yo'q[YtP' read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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TH!'N 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
|>M-+@g j 比较过去时与现在完成时
tbL1g{Dz, aA7S'[NjB #tCIuQ, C+ }CU} 一般过去时的时间状语:
B b$S^F(Xq yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
;:-}z.7Y -Mit$mFn 共同的时间状语:
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_% this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
`#-p,NElV PEMxoe<+ 现在完成时的时间状语
lqhHbB for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
k9. u[y. 不确定的时间状语
l6r%nHP @ d#x8O4S%i2 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
E&}H \zt# 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
{jq^hM!TEy 举例：
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I saw this film yesterday.
* fOS"-C L （强调看的动作发生过了。）
_N[^Hl`\ I have seen this film.
3JwSgc b （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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z~#; Why did you get up so early?
4nX'a*'D~} （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
WV9[DFU Who hasn't handed in his paper?
[ni-UNTv （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
q[T_*X3o She has returned from Paris.
$D0)j(v 她已从巴黎回来了。
mP`,I"u She returned yesterday.
<"j"h=tm} 她是昨天回来了。
|\yDgs%EGy He has been in the League for three years.
gwkZk-f\p (在团内的状态可延续)
?w|\ 7T.? He has been a League member for three years.
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z@u~ (是团员的状态可持续)
)^Q G-IM He joined the League three years ago.
Au \ =ypK ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
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W%Ls I have finished my homework now.
d@`-!" <3J=;.\6 ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
kG~ivB}x ---He's already been sent for.
J}93u(T5 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
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` )CWd （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
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（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
