英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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w 一般时
.nY6[2am xw p?2,< 进行时
YaZ "&i r0uXMr=Z96 完成时
. t%Vx s=@Ce V@4W 完成进行时
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K-[/; 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
Z!l!3(<G.f J0W).mD_H 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
c8 9vx 9 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
[cAg'R6 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
H 1X]tw. 一般过去时的用法
9F1stT0G% 2/q=l? 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
exKmK!FT When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
cW^) $>A Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
17 iq MF sy`aiS 2）句型：
xyWdzc] (p It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
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Gd :]Z It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
F@K;A%us) It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
8J U~Q It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
RYaof W would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
[mvHa;-w I'd rather you came tomorrow.
Lbkn Sy C F;@&uXYgc 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
U {!{5l: I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
; O0rt1 }Cg~::," 比较：
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omJo 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
>g2.z> Christine was an invalid all her life.
Bz~h- (含义：她已不在人间。)
FWN%JCOj@ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
[&V%rhi (含义：她现在还活着)
E NjD~ S Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
X6 cb#s0| (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
qEz' l'%( Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
nQmYeM ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
5~0;R`D ;mlIW n 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
g iJyMd}x 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
k<qH<<r* Did you want anything else?
6<nO2 GW I wondered if you could help me.
!
YHu 2）情态动词 could, would.
1 X.1t^HH: Could you lend me your bike?
e[!>ezaIY 一般将来时
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lgp2- 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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# <@S will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
,cEcMaJ Which paragraph shall I read first.
pC8i &_A Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Pme?`YO$x i-b7 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
DUr1s]+P a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
Wz]S+IpY What are you going to do tomorrow?
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f8gf b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
bHnQ LJ the play is going to be produced next month。
R&0l4g-4> c. 有迹象要发生的事
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f`W! Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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*4 XYu 9A!qg< 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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KphlWs We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
6wgOmyJx ,}0pK\Y>$ 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
(Q+3aEUE He is about to leave for Beijing.
aJ5R0Y , 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
t/g}cR^Q 现在进行时
|*$_eb 9':$!Eoq e
j9G[ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
Qp ,l> k (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
y(k2p She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
PR+!CF i& c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
*)<tyIHd the leaves are turning red.
+,lD_{}_ It's getting warmer and warmer.
U VT8TN-T d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
qJ@?[|2R You are always changing your mind.
sq_:U_tJ ? &O$ayG77 典型例题
Tx5L My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
HD ~9EK~ A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
]^y}}y 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
E !8y|_(j 过去进行时
9O"?T7i"# C N"c 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
S%@$J~\rx ezn> 3?S 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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#e1!J 3) 常用的时间状语
v>XE]c_ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
n>H N py gJ])A7O p,Z6/e[SI My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
)nY/ RO It was raining when they left the station.
JG[+e*8 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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(]i \V_ 典型例题
tT 7$2 9 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
x\jHk}Buj A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
7v-C-u[E` 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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M w= 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
!rWib` % read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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M 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
cZu:dwE 比较过去时与现在完成时
ql#K72s mK4a5 H te|VKYN%}[ `d rv u?F 一般过去时的时间状语:
C.@zV t yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
O7.Is88! IOA{l N6 共同的时间状语:
GB+G1w this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
h*d,AJz &. ~DJ/sY2/ 现在完成时的时间状语
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for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
L^=>)\R2$[ 不确定的时间状语
'.iUv#j4Sh #NqA 5QR 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
4 QDW}5xB 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
`jV0;sPd; 举例：
lj[Bd > I saw this film yesterday.
+|}~6` （强调看的动作发生过了。）
K9*K4'#R I have seen this film.
!{4p+peqJV （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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Q{9> Why did you get up so early?
H&GM q5)B （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
{ng Who hasn't handed in his paper?
^ =t yf&" （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
l/TH"z( She has returned from Paris.
wHAh6lm 她已从巴黎回来了。
bD r 'W She returned yesterday.
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i 她是昨天回来了。
:dK%=j*ZK He has been in the League for three years.
i P/I% D (在团内的状态可延续)
@50Js3R1q He has been a League member for three years.
ztTpMj (是团员的状态可持续)
KR{kn[2|Q He joined the League three years ago.
? 56Zw"89 ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
\ ,?yj I have finished my homework now.
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Z4GcL +oyc9PoXF ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
>8 RIMW2 ---He's already been sent for.
Jb0]!*tV 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
87*R#(( （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
n%ld*EgY （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
