过去完成时
f$>orVm%. a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
X u_<4 b. 状语从句
,2TqzU; 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
F&*M$@u5 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
OVyy}1Hx c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
Z ~(X yaN We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
c Wc)sb %jxuH+L
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
#& wgsGV8C He said that he had learned some English before.
)!d1<p3 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
OQ7c | O Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
<d L 04F pC mJY 典型例题
nEm7&Gb the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
zb/Xfu.)?6 A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
5S ]P#8 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
FA9e(Ha 前一句应用过去进行时。
i8Y gG0[) k_n{Mss'9 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
LtztjAm. had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
d;S RK @ He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
t4/eB<fP 用于现在完成时的句型
Noxz kpMF 9yo[T(
8 ;lH,b X~5 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
"IG$VjgcB It is the first time that I have visited the city.
a{HgIQg_>R It was the third time that the boy had been late.
R6Mxdm2P} 4 sBoD=e 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
j!MA]0lTM This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
%] 0U60 这是我看过的最好的电影。
~|{)h^]@ This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
J+ZdZa}Ob Q(5:~**I 典型例题
0nz@O ^*g( (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
/B@% p
q ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
N E 2sD A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
u AS8F=9xP 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
Xb@z7X#O! uU(G_E ? (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
|vDoqlW ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
ENXW#{N.v A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
h"1"h. 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
199h Qxib: 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
P tQ# （错）I have received his letter for a month.
Be>c)90bO_ （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
_HHJw""j 2PP-0
E 独立主格结构的特点：
5?{ >9j5 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
)-?uX.E{ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
},EUcVXk 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
,gL)~6!A 举例：
.H (}[eG_ the test finished, we began our holiday.
1Q&WoJLfR = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
{`F x~w;i 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
@t; O"q'| ~?`9i>3W~ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
ghobu}wuF = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
kL PO+lg+ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
=O3I[ i5E:FS^!I JM+sHHs Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
$~G0#JL 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
^= izqh5S This done, we went home.
g"Q}
h 工作完成后，我们才回家。
'x45E.wYw ))CXjwLj; ?`T6CRZhr the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
8!& ds~? 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
qtdxMX ]iR K.#,O+-Kg` C6D=>%uY He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
RQ
*|+ ~H 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
#.MIW*==
?HEtr X,q He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
+YQ~t,/ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
