过去完成时
\ 3H B a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
kr>H,%3~ b. 状语从句
MtKM#@ 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
eeu;A, @U When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
$I:&5 o i c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
kNrN72qg We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
(bo-JOOdY( Eu1t*>ZL 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
\ O(~:KN He said that he had learned some English before.
P QA}_o By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
}>< v7 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
8 a, pDE IJ#+"(?7,u 典型例题
d@e2+3< the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
5VhJ*^R`y A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
o%sx(g=q 6 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
II)
K0< 前一句应用过去进行时。
^q) AO?_ <%
GfF![v 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
W
~qVZ(G*U had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
~1.B
fOR8 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
9U]j @*QN 用于现在完成时的句型
cyPJ( &; {dXmSuO g=L80$1 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
3+oGR5gIN It is the first time that I have visited the city.
=u
3YRqz It was the third time that the boy had been late.
W|4h;[w cT(=pMt8> 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
l _g JC. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
pi;'! d[l% 这是我看过的最好的电影。
0I['UL^!F This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
9>T5~C'* ,Vfjt=6]} 典型例题
*"Uf| (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
7r o&Q% ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
Z~1uyr( A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
bZW dd6 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
XJ e}^k TXo`P_SE (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
\- 8S" ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
_"[Ls?tRX A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
G.3yuok9 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
L
3 0 $ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
\>[k 0< （错）I have received his letter for a month.
K $I`&M( （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
Z ygu/M 6 ?azcWf z0 独立主格结构的特点：
4 (XV )QR 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
Zm*q V! 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
8
9Ir}bCr 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
nh*6`5yj 举例：
ZI.Czzx\= the test finished, we began our holiday.
\,ne7G21j = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
Q^bYx (r5w 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
]=ADX} .$fSWlM; the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
[k f6bf@ = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
%n 6NVi_[ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
_L
+j6N.h1 Z/czAr@ 4 vi 28u xc Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
}U ' 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
>g
Deuye This done, we went home.
q@g#DP+C 工作完成后，我们才回家。
;; 6$d{ Gt
)ij?~ D?=4'"@v
the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
e+V8I&% 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
>qs/o$+t} O >'tag 'E&tEbY He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
*?\u5O( 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
w{t]^w: ]&N>F8.L+ He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
XhA tf @n 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
