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主题 : 南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析
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楼主  发表于: 2017-06-16   
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南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析

南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 INcJXlv  
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the ihs@ 'jh  
United States by applying new social research findings on the `[Z?&'CRQ  
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration coU`2n/  
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of LH0\SmhU  
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate bzB9u&  
propositions. ><^A4s  
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England ]Alu~Dw  
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World /I".n]  
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies d4A}BTs1  
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather zBqr15  
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly N=:yl/M  
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo rP#@*{";  
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi &/Tx@j^.C  
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu ,!bOzth2>K  
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. [o> /2  
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to M.H4ud  
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New scN}eg:5  
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character "52wa<MV J  
of early New England towns varied considerably. */?L_\7  
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns 1AA(qE  
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as WMl_$Fd6  
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, ^3AJYu  
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the gY;N>Yq,C  
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial :=*>:*.Kb  
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who L F{qI?LG  
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled Og-M nx3  
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers b\H(Lq17  
demanded skilled artisans. 9.PY49|  
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized -7;RPHJs  
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct p|Z"< I7p(  
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. {TUCa  
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, I caIB)  
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is ^<sX^V+{  
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never  '6 w|z^  
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, 1NJ*EzJ~?  
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished =oiY' }%(i  
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New +$8hTi,  
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions Rp. @  
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North ^JY R^X>_  
American culture. T /[)U  
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands F KL}6W:  
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he .[K{;^>  
fails to link their experience with the political development of the ls #O0  
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might F \} Kh3  
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as ?V*>4A  
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American Fi*6ud\n!  
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time Xb|hP  
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their jY ^ndr0;  
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that |Zkcs]8M!  
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who Q9W*)gBv n  
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. Gg,,qJO  
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial 3PBg3Y$  
North America is supported by information in the text? eaF5S'k 4$  
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came P[gk9{sv  
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring w8> T ~Mv  
land. /0@}7+&  
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were Qy4AuMU2  
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. Vvv -f  
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at A$1pMG~as  
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during NK"y@)%0  
the seventeenth century. }14.u&4  
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in /vU9eh"%  
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.  hA/FK  
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to c}rRNS$F  
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political mP:mzmUw  
interdependence of the colonies and England. ~Bu~?ZJmd  
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic oZOFZ-<  
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. p8F|]6Z  
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of >@EQarD  
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to "gK2!N|#  
acquire land. ^Jc~G~x4*  
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values `o:)PTQNg  
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. g:f0K2)\r:  
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s 0imz }Z]  
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? EE%OD~u&9#  
[A] It is totally implausible. Bv9;q3]z-  
[B] It is partially acceptable. }Pw5*duq  
[C] It is highly admirable. 6E_YQbdy  
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. B / Dj2  
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which z{ymVd0#  
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? <v5toyA  
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture YW/<. 0rI  
of England. U*6-Y%7  
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have UejG$JyHP  
generally been unrecognized by historians. (:[ ><-h.  
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did x/9`2X`~  
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. 4|Y0 $(6o  
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high KTf!Pf?g  
culture of New England. 8#kFS@  
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which xRaYm  
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? 4Y-9W2s  
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North qrt+{5/t  
American culture. FPcgQ v;p  
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies e?f[t*td  
on Great Britain. hcN$p2-  
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an ;dB= /U>3U  
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. 2b3*zB*@V  
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group 4vy!'r@   
of migrants to colonial North America. &"L3U  
[答案与考点解析] (:hPT-1  
1. 【答案】D }. ,xhF[  
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 YemOP9  
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 H=wmN0s{<  
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 Ay2|@1e  
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 xDVzHgbf  
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 *Qyw _Q  
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 ?.,cWKGQ}  
审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 =-vk}O0C  
2. 【答案】D 'x!q*|zF2  
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 KIuYWr7&  
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 \!631FcQ   
首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 g/Qr] :;  
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 u`("x5sa  
3. 【答案】B ]")i~-|R  
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth -gC=%0sp\  
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 z3a te^PJF  
和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 g\X"E>X  
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 rl6vt*g  
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 Q_@ Z.{  
4. 【答案】A W'6*$Ron  
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 ?+dI/jB4X  
题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 )"f>cYF  
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的 iv56zs R  
正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, ;rk}\M$+  
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 M,mj{OY~x  
5. 【答案】A Y`c\{&M6  
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 o_={xrmIA  
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 ( XE`,#  
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 tCA |sN  
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 XrBLw}lD`N  
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 Z1q '4h=F.  
这往往是出题的重点。 drN^-e  
[参考译文] `uGX/yQ#=  
Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 g ,Q!F  
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 LfF<wDvXf  
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 X'iki4  
第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 M*0&3Y Z  
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 KWXJ[#E<W  
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, 4W^0K|fq  
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 l*%?C*  
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, rLP4l~V   
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 3,iL#_+t  
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: 'OJXllGi  
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 V ;>{-p  
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 ir/2/ E  
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 d9sgk3K  
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 62Jn8DwAT  
术熟练的技工。 -6)ywq^{z  
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 )Cx8?\/c=x  
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 R_Eu*Qu j  
Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 >} ay kz*g  
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 $\a;?>WA"  
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 =U@*adgw  
了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, #=$4 U!yL  
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 F3wRHq  
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人, *TMg.  
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 /:%^Vh3XF  
明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 q2,@>#  
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 9| 'bPOKe  
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 %/U Q0d~b  
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 SuuWrt}5  
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沙发  发表于: 2020-01-08   
感谢分享,虽然只有一题,太难了
级别: 初级博友
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板凳  发表于: 2020-02-09   
有点难度,看不太懂
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