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楼主发表于: 2017-06-16

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南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析

南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the
United States by applying new social research findings on the
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate
propositions.
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity.
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character
of early New England towns varied considerably.
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers
demanded skilled artisans.
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire.
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North
American culture.
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he
fails to link their experience with the political development of the
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial
North America is supported by information in the text?
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring
land.
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during
the seventeenth century.
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political
interdependence of the colonies and England.
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to
acquire land.
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values
that eventually shaped the character of the United States.
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?
[A] It is totally implausible.
[B] It is partially acceptable.
[C] It is highly admirable.
[D] It is controversial though persuasive.
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture
of England.
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have
generally been unrecognized by historians.
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high
culture of New England.
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North
American culture.
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies
on Great Britain.
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group
of migrants to colonial North America.
[答案与考点解析]
1. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本
题的答案信息在第一段或第三段，因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词，我们可以推断出本题的答案信息
来源应该在原文的第三段，因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段，尤其是第三段
的尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有
审题定位的能力，更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。
2. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题
的答案信息应该在尾段，因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解
首段尾句，我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。
3. 【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读
和理解本段的每一句话，尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话，我们可以推导
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内
容，更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。
4. 【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本
题的答案信息来源在第四段，因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话，尤其是第四句，我们可以推导出本题的
正确选项应该是A。考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义，
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。
5. 【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下，考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨，以
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，这是一个由转折词
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句，我们可以推导出本题的
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语，因为
这往往是出题的重点。
[参考译文]
Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中，迁徙成了重写北美前工业
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。
第一点断言，近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动，因此后来他们迁移
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。到18世纪时，移往美洲的人数却增加了，
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二，Bailyn认为，和以往美国
历史教材中惯用的观念相反，从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会，例如，
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。
Bailyn的第三个观点是，成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型：
一组是签约的仆人，另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是：Bailyn认为那
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。这些殖民地的企
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初，成千上万
未受过培训的劳动力被征召，然而到了18世纪30年代，美洲雇主开始需求技
术熟练的技工。
第四，Bailyn提出，殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上，他无疑是正确的。但是像
Bailyn这样，把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围，就贬低了殖民地文化
的成就。确实，如Bailyn所说，殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律，创建
了著名的大学，出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说，新英格兰是个特例。不过，
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人，
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表
明，我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里，这些签
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪，一旦他们服役期满，就会放弃城市里的高
薪而走向西部，通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此，一种特殊的美国政治
文化开始于西部，那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。

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紫鸢花

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板凳发表于: 2020-02-09

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

有点难度，看不太懂

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fcc111

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沙发发表于: 2020-01-08

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

感谢分享，虽然只有一题，太难了

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