独立主格特征 ;YY<KuT
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 ,'HjL:r
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 3{| ~'5*
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Q"u2 <
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） `<d.I%}
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. _,60pr3D'
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. g$#A'Du
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). G4 :\6fu
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真题剖析 I50Ly sM
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. +@!\3a 4!
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because K/Yeh<_&
虚拟语气（1） 9q$^x/z!
虚拟语气（2） A s >Og
• 1. （should）+动词原形 N [3Y~HX!q
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 )e'F [
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ysK J=
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 CKZEX*mPC
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 1a S :bFi`
would rather +动词过去式 ww7nQ}H5(
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真题剖析 mMl len
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … AEn
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ^&86 VBP
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. <)
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded 7K.],eo0
C. decided D. demanded ca3zY|
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非谓语动词 J`0dF<<{[y
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 >gL&a#<S
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ^pu8\K;~
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ~Azj Y 8
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 HU/4K7e`
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真题剖析 ,Nw2cv}D
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Q'3tDc<
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops A#?Cts ,M
主谓一致 (1) /m p !%j~
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Z-4/xi 7
How you got there doesn’t concern me. p ]jLs|tat
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. K/Y"oQ2
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. *v(Q-FW
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 qhTVsZ:{C
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 N$t<&5 +
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). *'H\ `@L
主谓一致 (2) ^+d]'$
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 guf&V}&
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Mr4,?Z&`-d
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) +3XaAk
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） =a+
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He no less than John is interested in literature. K
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主谓一致 (3) >iG3!Td)y
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) $.w$x1
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ^j RX6
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 @^ &p$:
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. T4}Wg=UKg
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真题剖析 ^[bFG KE
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. P4{
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some x3U>5F@
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate S
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倒装 QT!>izgc U
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一、全部倒装 0J466H_d{
二、部分倒装 a %kvC#B
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全部倒装 S!gzmkGcj
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (@ !K tW
There stand big buildings in this district. ` s
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. .Oc j |A6
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 0m> 8
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. v)gMNzt
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 G B pdj}2=
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. KDP4 7A
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全部倒装 [dFcxzM-N
• 4. 表语位于句首 +Q);t,
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ]63!
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Not far from here is a famous university. 's5rl
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Q_iN/F
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. XSK<hr0m
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. LA 2 /<:
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） _Ds,91<muQ
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. X2% (=B
部分倒装 OA\] |2 :
• 1. 疑问句 %+|sbRB b
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ?)k ]Vg.
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. >!' ]w{G
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 Tl[*(| /C
Only when he comes back can be leave. F$'u`
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 v_
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 4L{]!dox
部分倒装 L1(-xNUo_i
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) C8Mx>6
By no means should you break the rules. fvi0gE@bd
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Y[}A4`
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) q<z8P;oP^
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” zP2X}VLMo
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. G?XA", AC
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
