独立主格特征 0e0)1;t\
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 ?u:`?(\
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 `oNJ=,p
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 I\_2=mL
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） u3qx G3
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ^X{U7?x
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. !0lk}Uzkh
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). 55s5(]`d
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真题剖析 >m lQ@Z_O
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. kiJ=C2'&
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ^cNuEF9
虚拟语气（1） ^k7I+A
虚拟语气（2） ;MNU T,U
• 1. （should）+动词原形 G@Z%[YNw
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 >?K=l]!(*
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Ox#vW6;)
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 b?OA |JqX
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 (N&i4 O-I
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]wDqdD y7S
would rather +动词过去式 wipl5O@L
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真题剖析 8/j|=Q,5
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … `XE>Td>Bs
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t M 2ex
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. HdtGyh6X0
53. A. ordered B. pleaded p5E
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C. decided D. demanded r=3`Eb"t
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非谓语动词 Tv7W)?3h
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 ]\K?%z
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) %8I^&~E1
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) -w2^26 ax
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 M :OZWYQ
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真题剖析 i#YDdz
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. XOqHzft h6
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops q*R~gEi#yk
主谓一致 (1) l2W+VBn6
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 bny@AP(CY+
How you got there doesn’t concern me. \I
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !-qk1+<h
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 EhO\N\p(Q=
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. W'k&DKhTqF
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 sR PQr ?
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 lbIW1z%:sy
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). fU.hb%m)Q\
主谓一致 (2) G2[2 y-Rv
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 #F
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ZPM7R3%V)z
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Vx0Hq`_14
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） [uie]*^
He no less than John is interested in literature. jku Nafp}
主谓一致 (3) &e[Lb:Uk)
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +f]I7e:qp
Either my father or my brothers are coming. $3#oA.
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 u_WW
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. nYRD>S?uz
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真题剖析 A^c5CJ_
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. jaux:fU
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some SR)@' -Wd
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate 1^; &?E
倒装 e8]mdU{)
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一、全部倒装 G
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二、部分倒装 z#&qWO
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全部倒装 naB[0I&
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” WUi7~Ei}
There stand big buildings in this district. 0$49 X
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. t! Av [K
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) qdu:kA :]
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. g(;ejKSR
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 {k~$\J?.
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 3vs2}IV'
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全部倒装 N4 mQN90t
• 4. 表语位于句首 m
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. eaiz
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Not far from here is a famous university. Wj*6}N/
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 X:g 5>is|
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. %r,2ZL
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 9hp 0wi@W}
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） YG n:_9
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. F;NZJEy
部分倒装 |m EJJg`"7
• 1. 疑问句 ?x/ L"h&Kp
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） " 7
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. :{ 6[U =O
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 =UP)b9*h
Only when he comes back can be leave. U)o8Tr
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 aH#| LrdJ
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ozo8 Tr
部分倒装 5m3sjcp_
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) [(K^x?\Y0'
By no means should you break the rules. n C Z
At no time should we give in to difficulties. /][U$Q;Ke
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) n(+:l'#HJ
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” #,;k>2j0
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. +$'/!vN
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
