独立主格特征 fH ?ha
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Ze3X$%kWi
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?EK?b
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 :C8$Xi_i}
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） -+em!g'
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 4r0b)Y &
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. i^!ez5z
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). `\6?WXk3T
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真题剖析 cl*PFQp9j
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. vuFBET,
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 2 ',w[I
虚拟语气（1） @IP)S[^' t
虚拟语气（2） h}Wdh1.M3
• 1. （should）+动词原形 3o|I[!2.
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 =@5x"MOz
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @AYo-gf
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 OLj\
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• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 [J0 v&{)?
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 DF{ Qw@P!
would rather +动词过去式 ^v
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真题剖析 )*d W=r/$V
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … j9/-"dTL
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 9ElCg"
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. x4# T G
53. A. ordered B. pleaded qJ_1*!!91
C. decided D. demanded T^}
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非谓语动词 ,s^<X85gp\
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 M'1!< a-Mp
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) T/P7 F\R
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1 Ee>S\9t
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ARfRsP
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真题剖析 efuK
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. "MiD8wX-
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 6b Z[Kt
主谓一致 (1)
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• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &4$oud n
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 396R$\q
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. IdM*5Y>f
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ad`_>lA4Lp
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 1ZKz um
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 )8{6+{5lu
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 rvwy
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). i.rU &yT%
主谓一致 (2) 04 y!\
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 =V^@%YIn
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !g 0cC.'
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) J^I7BsZ
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） |tG+iF@4
He no less than John is interested in literature. Eqphd!\#6
主谓一致 (3) Z cZ;$*
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) '.p? 6k!K
Either my father or my brothers are coming. &P n]
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ` X+j2TmS
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. DA
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真题剖析 _F8T\f |
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. "r-l8 r,
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 7>x;B
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate g
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” #K`B<2+T
There stand big buildings in this district. B+D`\ Nl o
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. n|]N7 b'
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. +{xG<Wkltz
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 FR' b `Xv:
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 6{^*JC5nj
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• 4. 表语位于句首
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. s=\7)n=,M
Not far from here is a famous university. L{K*~B -p
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 2))t*9
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 7xR|_+%~K
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. U$
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 0nT%Slbih
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ;q&Z9 lm
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• 1. 疑问句 Znq(R8BMW
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） vK`S!7x'&
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. : b,o B==%
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 (>r|j4$
Only when he comes back can be leave. _3zU,q m+
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 z.A4x #>-
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. &{ hc
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 1+FYjh!2t
By no means should you break the rules. =G[ H,;W
At no time should we give in to difficulties. =QTmK/(|B
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) TVj1C
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” &F86SrsI
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. hx P6C6S
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
