独立主格特征 :Oz! M&O v
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 j oa|5v'
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 lNtZd?=>
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 bAIo5lr
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） f_}FYeg
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. V\nQHzjF<6
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. p9*#{~
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). X( m&
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真题剖析 I 2JE@?
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. t\2Lo7[Pu
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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虚拟语气（2） 8 NLTq|sW
• 1. （should）+动词原形 =k]Rze I
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ]kC/b^~+m
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 PfTjC"`,
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 kJP
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• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Z IfhC'
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 { Z
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would rather +动词过去式 %H\i}}PTe
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真题剖析 pNF
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ,Z
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t <TmMUA)`}
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. T1ZAw'6(K
53. A. ordered B. pleaded T
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非谓语动词 F"xD^<i
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 Q/ rOIHiI
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) I,
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) L 1=HD
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 zg,?aAm
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真题剖析 jt-C y
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. INZycNqm,
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops M^I*;{w6i
主谓一致 (1) ,@"Z!?e
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 L|4kv
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4Eh 2sI
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 4/;
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 5&]|p'"W\
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ro{
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 = Ly7H7Q2
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 N\XZ=t^h(
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). |}zv CD
主谓一致 (2) WbZ {)
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 :<Z*WoEmt
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. lk8g2H
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B EM_y:#
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） (5[|h
He no less than John is interested in literature. ~@
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Z M"J5}h
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 5P_%Vp`B2
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 t6p}LNm(V
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. <-uE pF
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真题剖析 CpHF3o`Z6
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. J \U}U'qP
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 1c);![O
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate q%8%J'Fro
倒装 F-Mf~+= Dn
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二、部分倒装 xvP<
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” $h1`-=\7
There stand big buildings in this district. &L}e &5
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 0eq="|n^|
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) K
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. mKY}+21!Q
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 y7aBF13Kl
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. TJ9JIxnS
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• 4. 表语位于句首 d5&
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. O 'y8[<
Not far from here is a famous university. b:Oa4vBa
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 CDcZ6.f
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. n Dx}6}5)
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. V'(yrz!
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） >Qg`Us#y
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ~bU!4P}4j
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• 1. 疑问句 5.!iVyN
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ? pq#|PI)
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \IB@*_G
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 r|2 Y|6@
Only when he comes back can be leave. 297X).
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 Q?df5{6
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ;{mKt%#
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) G&qO{" Js
By no means should you break the rules. w yF'
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. '
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• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) :E
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• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” :iW+CD)j
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. f|U;4{ k
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
