独立主格特征 _ @NL;w:!
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 jUYWrYJ
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 VK\X&Y3l
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 X"|['t
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） p J!
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• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ["
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. }I+E\ <
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). abmYA#
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真题剖析 \R9(x]nZ%
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. v!-/&}W) 1
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because F4-$~ v@
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虚拟语气（2） O'p9u@kc
• 1. （should）+动词原形 hP%M?M KC
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 T9
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 5K1)1E/Fu
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 4<w.8rR:A
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #>("CAB02T
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 iJ)_RSFK
would rather +动词过去式 \$~|ZwV{
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真题剖析 FJ GlP&v<
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 13$%,q )
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t [ :
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. a_^\=&?'
53. A. ordered B. pleaded HYD'.uj
C. decided D. demanded Y!aSs3c
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非谓语动词 :DK {Vg6
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 !]A
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ^&9z w\x;z
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) xk9% F?)
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 6fE7W>la
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真题剖析 H*
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t4."/ .=+
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops l5Ui w2
主谓一致 (1) { T/[cu<
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 \i>?q
How you got there doesn’t concern me. \Gef \
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 5ORo3T%
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 +qN>.y!Y
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. S3C]AhW;
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 v4!V r I
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 <q58uuK
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). lf`{ zc r:
主谓一致 (2) do hA0
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 : g7@PJND
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. +zqn<<9
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B&M%I:i
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 4!{KWL `A
He no less than John is interested in literature. /aCc17>2V{
主谓一致 (3) @-07F,'W,
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ;$, U~ 0
Either my father or my brothers are coming. @,
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 6D;S gc5"
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. fivw~z|[@
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真题剖析 e-/&$Qq
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. #FLb*%Nr
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some d A }-]
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate S&5 &];Ag
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二、部分倒装 tyDU
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” wc @X.Q[
There stand big buildings in this district. &ee~p&S,>
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. A0s ZOCky
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) qbN
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ] )\Pqn(
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 l~q\3UKlt
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. .k %72ez
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• 4. 表语位于句首 !X#OOqPr=
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. yjX9oxhtL
Not far from here is a famous university. A2Ed0|B y
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 `:KY\
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 7hcYD!DS
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 7M~K,E(7~
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） .f2bNnB~pP
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. H [$
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• 1. 疑问句 =z69 e%.
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） %)W2H^
Never did John speak rudely to his parents.
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 s Y Qk
Only when he comes back can be leave. j{A y\n (
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 7(8;t o6(
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. \'D0'\:vz
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) WX?IYQ +
By no means should you break the rules. sI GMA$EK
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Jhhb7uU+
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) E,U+o $
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” +gtbcF@rx
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 06Sc eq
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
