独立主格特征 c5T~0 'n
• 1. 充当句子的状语。
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• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 pQ[o3p!&9
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 h;4y= UU
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） Y1yv I
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. -Z/6;2Q
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. cW~6@&zp
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). i SAidK,
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真题剖析 "S{6LW
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. n8;G,[GM80
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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虚拟语气（2） ZhJ|Z vJ
• 1. （should）+动词原形 _I
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 L[QI 5N
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
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• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Vbqm ]2o&
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 &]"_pc/>m
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 v#<+n{B
would rather +动词过去式 KoQ_: `
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真题剖析 ]Xkc0E1
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … WKYA9BaR
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t qS/71Kv'
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 45O6TqepN
53. A. ordered B. pleaded aD2CDu
C. decided D. demanded R2H\
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非谓语动词 m?R +Z6c[
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 ReG O 9}
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) enD C#
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Kjca>/id
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 `v/tf|v 6
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真题剖析 J<P/w%i2
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. d7-F&!sQ
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops #<V'gE
主谓一致 (1) :-'ri
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• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ea[a)Z7#
How you got there doesn’t concern me. cJ E>;a
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. W!9f'Yn
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. eEds-&_
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 -3XnK5
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 w!Lb;4x ?
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). GMp'KEQQ
主谓一致 (2) MS^hsUj}
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 |c+N)F B
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. $/(/v?3][e
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 6 VJj(9
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• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） l[j0(T
He no less than John is interested in literature. 7&U+f:-w
主谓一致 (3) L$07u {Q
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) -`<N,
Either my father or my brothers are coming. sBG (CpQ
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 #+Gs{i Xr
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. HOI`F3#XI
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真题剖析 j
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. H ;}ue
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ll^O+>1dO
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate %
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一、全部倒装 <}>-ip?
二、部分倒装 Ho
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G` K7P`m
There stand big buildings in this district. ,tc]E45
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m/c~2?-;
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Eu_0n6J
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 4h@
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 #.K&]OV/88
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. |-?b)yuAz
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• 4. 表语位于句首 g9`ytWmM
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. XX+ rf
Not far from here is a famous university. W # /Ol59
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 $ :P~21,
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. x@x@0k`
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. lK SI5d
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） s;) t LJ!
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. b?^<';,5
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• 1. 疑问句 7~f l4*
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 79fg%cSb
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. u -<s@^YG
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 3Pq)RD|hn
Only when he comes back can be leave. g==^ioS}*
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 w|e i*L
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. \/G Y0s
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) r3)t5P*_
By no means should you break the rules. O*7~t17
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Fx\Re]~n
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 1jb@n xRjO
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” /+7L`KPD
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Q^OzFfR6
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
