独立主格特征 0Og =H79<
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 ;d4_l:9p
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 8*X8U:.0o
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ;Xns 9
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ]Az >W*Y
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. DWG}}vN:&
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. a/1{tDA
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). p|%)uA3'/
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真题剖析 :n=+$Dq
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Bs
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because #X +)
虚拟语气（1） g?ft;kR6S
虚拟语气（2） I/adzLQ
• 1. （should）+动词原形 Q[ "}U 7j
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 lPH]fWt<
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Cpl \ }Qn
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ev>: 3_ s
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 j$,`EBf`:<
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Kxg09\5i
would rather +动词过去式 Ut<_D8Tzx
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真题剖析 _z_uz \#,
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … +f+\uObi:
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 5)}xqE"x
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. yd2ouCUV
53. A. ordered B. pleaded wJ{M&n1H
C. decided D. demanded ^uYxeQY[
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非谓语动词 oYu5]ry
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 ^K3{6}]
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) K2&pTA~OR
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) MLUq"f~ N
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 &Dg IykqN
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真题剖析 KVJiCdg -
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *&LVn) @[`
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops V"gnG](2l
主谓一致 (1) $$AKz\
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Z|E( !"zE9
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Hnr T;!C~
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 8xlj:5;(w
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 T R| G4l?
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. @r'8<6hVO
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 u.R:/H<>~
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Qr$ uFh/y
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). %=%jy
主谓一致 (2) buq3t+0
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 L9&Z?$6J_p
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. d'J))-*#UO
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) =" z\
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ~\(U&2t
He no less than John is interested in literature. /\ (0@To
主谓一致 (3) (F
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) iE0A-;:5
Either my father or my brothers are coming. vH9/}w 2
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 }2-{4JIq}
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. UXnd~DA
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真题剖析 QB7E:g& 7
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. H'P1EZtq
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some w%g@
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54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate ,g;~:
倒装 80x
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一、全部倒装 /xWkP{
二、部分倒装 pJ ;J>7Gt
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全部倒装 p3M)gH=N
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ;o H17
There stand big buildings in this district. &HNJ '
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. - /]ro8V$
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) U}x2,`P
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. :_~UO^*h
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 (wdE@/V
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. (`5No:?v<
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全部倒装 >_!pg<{,
• 4. 表语位于句首 d QVV0)z
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. E{[c8l2B
Not far from here is a famous university. LYhgBG,
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 `C%,Nj
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. p+ SFeUp
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. yv =LT~
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） .
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. d/!sHr6 9
部分倒装 JR|yg=E
• 1. 疑问句 O`~G'l&@T
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） yw^t6E
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. l~!Tnp\M
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 HK) $ls
Only when he comes back can be leave. t Q_;UQlX
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 U>7"BpC
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. M;OY+ |uA
部分倒装 >gM| :FG
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) .%_scN
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By no means should you break the rules. 5|f[evQj<S
At no time should we give in to difficulties. b2u_1P\
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) {LYA?w^GT
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” /1:`?
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. N
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
