独立主格特征 Cf7\>U->
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 N:: ;J
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 q UnFEg
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 .y/b$|d,
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） mz*z1`\7v\
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. -G;1U
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. uKy *N* }
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). )^N8L<
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真题剖析 hD1
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. aS vE
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because kZ9< j+.
虚拟语气（1） e<4z)
虚拟语气（2） !&O/7ywe
• 1. （should）+动词原形 nZCpT
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 1H =wl =K
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 o%%x'uC
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 &ZN'Ey?
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 *\ KMk x
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 vvAk<[
would rather +动词过去式 _c 8.muQ<
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真题剖析 :{:?D\%6
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 9 c{%m4
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t V- ;nj,.mY
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Kn#xY3W6
53. A. ordered B. pleaded &n]Z1e}5
C. decided D. demanded >|/ ? Up
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非谓语动词 M.:@<S
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 S~rVRC"<xo
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) "gN* J)!x
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) V> a3V'
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 B N*,!fx
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真题剖析 !qXq
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. M,\|V3s
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops {`K]sa7`
主谓一致 (1) ;;y@z[ >
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Og$eQS
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ~e`;" n@4
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. /
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 X[~f:E[1J
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. J l}!CE@-
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 zfjD b
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 /md Q(Dm
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). XU;{ 28P
主谓一致 (2) UYcyk
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (iCZz{l@~
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. d EQReD
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) iO? g F
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） =0s`4Y"+
He no less than John is interested in literature. c69U 1
主谓一致 (3) P,$ [|)[E
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ,<;l"v(
Either my father or my brothers are coming. aR="5{en{:
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Ypn%[sSOp
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. F;d%@E_Bc
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真题剖析 LM"W)S
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded.
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some r6 oX6.c
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate fR]p+\#8u*
倒装 *c ~'0|r
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一、全部倒装 AQnJxIL:
二、部分倒装
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全部倒装 lQp89*b?=U
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” R\9>2*w
There stand big buildings in this district. xE G+%Uk{
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 3i]"#wK
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) wE,=%? "
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. i$`|Y*
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 >~`Y
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. S F&M
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全部倒装 lF; ziF
• 4. 表语位于句首 T8,k7 7
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. '\ph
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Not far from here is a famous university. |uQn|"U4
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 !7:EE,W~
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Q
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. "?oo\op
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） i;[h
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. !6XvvTs/<
部分倒装 /
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• 1. 疑问句 4 " pS
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. zrLhQ3V#>
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 "_ nX5J9
Only when he comes back can be leave. z{Hz;m:*_
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 M?E9N{t8)a
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ^K7q<X ,
部分倒装 ?,WUJH?^
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Z 7`5x
By no means should you break the rules. 1zdYBb
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. bc q@N
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) pO\ S#GnX
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Ro$j1A
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Rb
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
