英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 'Oa3
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) 2V~E
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A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) /gAT@
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A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) b'wy{~l@
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. AA\)BNM
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. |E~c#lV
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 *eg0^ByeD
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 E PE_2a}
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(二)increase to n times(④) 1zRYd`IPoq
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) 628iN%
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increase by n times(⑥) X~IilGL8:
increase by a factor of n(⑦) t
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以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 P!-RZEt$
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. ,X!) z Amm
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. B}[CU='P*
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 F'M X9P
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. Hn >VPz+I
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 rp\`uj*D
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. l%}q&_
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 DpggZ|J
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 <ll?rPio"
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) _-BP?'lN
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: A6[FH\f
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. e6MBy\*n
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 IP/%=m)\%
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) *%/O (ohs@
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. (rFiHv5
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 $B8Vg `+
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: W`PJflr|
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) G@/iK/>5|`
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 d4ecF%R
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. wH8J?j"5>
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) {U2AAQSa
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 tTBDb
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倍数减少 ="78#Wfj2
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) C jf<,x$
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) vYm-$KQ"o
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 Xr=BxBttp
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. l6#Y}<tq
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 .O"a: ^i
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. "LlQl3"=
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 }x
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 Uk] jy>7;!
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) .iy>N/u
decrease by n times(15) %Jr
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decrease by a factor of n(16) K
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以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 !b_(|~7Lc
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。
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Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. /V 09Na,N
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 ymxA<bICS8
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. :0:Tl/)
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电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 eMnK@J
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. z |llf7:
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 h_?`ESI~
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… wp&G