英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: H,nec<Jp
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)
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A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) jB{4\)
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) Oy U
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. &0 >Loja`^
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. Dn&D!B
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 r\qj!
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 =jB08A
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(二)increase to n times(④) T!Hb{Cg*
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) S S2FTb-m
increase by n times(⑥) K+;e4_\
increase by a factor of n(⑦) 1pArZzm>
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 B!vmQR*1
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. VeW>[08
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. zIh['^3.n
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 ^$b Y,CE
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. "?V0$-DR
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 KXx32 b,~
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. SHe49!RA'{
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 V5UF3'3;}
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 nih0t^m'
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) \O2Rhz
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: x[a<mk
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 7pe\M/kl
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) jPUwSIP
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. be.*#[
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 vSEuk}pk
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: g:hjy@ w
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) ,J+}rPe"sf
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 N sXHO
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. MN\HDKN
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) 8Vr%n2M
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 JRB9rSN^
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倍数减少 {*G9|#[/@
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) !2%HhiB'
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) `dq,>HdW
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 NPy&O