英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 08.dV<P
S十V主谓结构 {ifYr(|p`
S十V十F主系表结构 ;dPLi4=o
S十V十O主谓宾结构 pD &\Z~5T
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 T.K$a\/{,
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ueqR@i
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 $(_i>&d<
五个基本句式详细解释如下: &
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1.S十V句式 bf rBHW#
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: gbSZ-
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He runs quickly. t`Hwq
他跑得快。 y#T":jpR
They listened carefully. 0}w>8L7i{
他们听得很仔细。 IS8ppu&E
He suffered from cold and hunger. LrK6*y,z
他挨冻受饿。 yfaXScbE
China belongs to the third world country. %tpt+N?
中国属于第三世界国家。 Os[^ch
The gas has given out. uK
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煤气用完了。 67J=#%\
My ink has run out. dIK!xOStA
我的钢笔水用完了。 9]d$G$Kv9
2.S十V十P句式 0p~:fm
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: }_Jai4O
He is older than he looks. [kn`~hI
他比看上去要老。 _-&Au%QNJ`
He seen interested in the book. F
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 iD{;!dUZ
The story sounds interesting. X hTp'2,]
这个故事听起来有趣。 =f{r+'[;^
The desk feels hard. +[D=2&tmk
书桌摸起来很硬。 Imi_}NB+
The cake tastes nice. }`*]&I[P
饼尝起来很香。 C2!POf;GdN
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. =Y
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花闻起来香甜。 <A!v'Y
You have grown taller than before. C8aYg
你长得比以前高了。 g$$uf[A-SL
He has suddenly fallen ill. 22(0Jb\_
他突然病倒了。 QT?fp
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He stood quite still. ~
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他静静地站看。 X}g!Lp
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. FFP>Y*v(
他长大后当了教师。 J[]YG+r
He could never turn traitor to his country. .4.zy]I
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 Z]"ktb;+[
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: oIX]9~
He looked me up and down. @cSz!E}
他上下打量我。 EPdR-dC^wE
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Tz
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他伸出手来摸象。 3'*SSZmnOB
They are tasting the fish. v0\2%PC
他们在品尝鱼。 w^z}!/"]u
They grow rice in their home town. 3 uhwoE
他们在家乡种水稻。 v8_HaA$5Y
He's got a chair to sit on. p@>_1A}qh_
他有椅子坐。 LlX 7g_!
Please turn the sentence into English. j$Gb>Ex>
请把这个句于泽成英语。 uiM*!ge
3.S十V十O句式 d%5QEVV
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: pA4oy
I saw a film yesterday. V+cHL
我昨天看了一部电影。 KS3
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Have you read the story? l`fjz-eE
你读过这个故事吗? 1}B
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They found their home easily. ,W7\AY07]
他们很容易找到他们的家。 |oC&;A
They built a house last year. RY&Wv
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他们去年建了一所房子。 ]X;Ty\UD&
They've put up a factory in the village. `A$yF38!
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 nlw(U3@7
They have taken good care of the children. Vb|DNl@
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Quc9lL
You should look after your children well. D />REC^
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 x]XhWScr'
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 4(|x@:wxm
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: _:?)2 NV
He gave me a book/a book to me. ^SVdaQ{7
他给我一本书。 xaAJ>0IM
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. q --NLm@;
他带给我一枝钢笔。 >A7),6
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. H&6lQ30/)
他把座位让给我。 #Kn=Q
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: (Lo<3a-]
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. i/NY86A
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ,AhQA
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ]SFB_5Gb
他给我弄了一把椅子。 0<Vw0%!
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. #x"4tI
请帮我一下。 JGHQ_AI
He asked me a question/a question of me. O\q|b#q}/
他问我个问题。 TGY^,H>J
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: ]<WKi=
They robbed the old man of his money. K!lGo3n]
他们抢了老人的钱。 vbXuT$
He's warned me of the danger. &|LZ%W0Fb
他警告我注意危险。 9(dbou
The doctor has cured him of his disease. o;7!$v>uK
医生治好了他的病。 .\7R/cP}{A
We must rid the house of th erats. KcF2}+iM
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 #6[FGM
They deprived him of his right to speak. Qb!9QlW
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 r77?s?
5.S十V十O十C句式 -4mUGh1dy
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 l}&egq
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 B<T wTv
They made the girl angry. 8sOM%y9M
他们使这个女孩生气了。 wLAGe'GX
They found her happy that day. ~M6Q8Y9
他们发现那天她很高兴。 n{J<7I e"*
I found him out. '=EaZ>=
我发现他出去了。 iqig~fjK~
I saw him in. zHw[`"[
我见他在家。 +e. bO5Y
They saw a foot mark in the sand. \/*r45!
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 `PnB<rf:*1
They named the boy Charlie. V7.xKmB
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ev7Y^
I saw him come in and go out. HA&][%^
我见他进来又出去。 xV @X%E
They felt the car moving fast. :PuJF`k
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 K]yCt~A$
I heard the glass broken just now. BY.'0,H=k
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 )=V
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. /KFCq|;7s,
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。