英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: NJtQx2Sd'H
S十V主谓结构 kv6Cp0uFg
S十V十F主系表结构 5%*w<6<_z
S十V十O主谓宾结构 C5x
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 HPg3`Ul
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 UtnZNdlv
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 hi ~}
五个基本句式详细解释如下: C|MQ
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1.S十V句式 $9 +YNgW>
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Z$p0&~
He runs quickly. B
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他跑得快。 cvnB!$eji
They listened carefully. =-NiO@5o
他们听得很仔细。 ndink$
He suffered from cold and hunger. $Az^Y0[D
他挨冻受饿。 ]5}=^
China belongs to the third world country. "9IYB)Js
中国属于第三世界国家。 +x=)/; :
The gas has given out. eujK4s
煤气用完了。 >5hhd38
My ink has run out.
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我的钢笔水用完了。 =w$tvo/
2.S十V十P句式 b| M3`
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: q5x[~]?
He is older than he looks. #m<tJnEO
他比看上去要老。 _;1}x%4v
He seen interested in the book. Bc7V)YK
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 5|QzU|gPn
The story sounds interesting.
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这个故事听起来有趣。 Fmyj*)J[Z
The desk feels hard. |re}6#TgcT
书桌摸起来很硬。 e~l#4{w
The cake tastes nice. );V2?G`/
饼尝起来很香。 fq )vK
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. j/`94'Y
花闻起来香甜。 <BFQ:
You have grown taller than before. {\H/y c|@
你长得比以前高了。 &H}r%%|A
He has suddenly fallen ill. M<O{
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他突然病倒了。 $YxBE`)d-
He stood quite still. Kt@M)#
他静静地站看。 z]B]QB
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 5=Xy,hmnC
他长大后当了教师。 ]i(-I <`
He could never turn traitor to his country. 1"Z@Q`}
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 'c2W}$q
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: L86n}+
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He looked me up and down. 1b=lpw1}
他上下打量我。 {3;AwhN0H
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. valtev0<
他伸出手来摸象。 !cKz7?w
They are tasting the fish. SJD@&m%?[
他们在品尝鱼。 +]=e;LN $0
They grow rice in their home town. DZzN>9<)^
他们在家乡种水稻。 " \I4u{zC
He's got a chair to sit on. ;&H4u)
他有椅子坐。 21k5I #U
Please turn the sentence into English. $kR N
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 {U&.D
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3.S十V十O句式 $w"$r$K9K
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ^C2\`jLMY
I saw a film yesterday. a0r"N[&
我昨天看了一部电影。 SG6sw]x
Have you read the story? 9 \^|6k,
你读过这个故事吗? %Uz(Vd#K
They found their home easily. >X*Mio8P#
他们很容易找到他们的家。 OY?y ^45y
They built a house last year. @&[T _l
他们去年建了一所房子。 {Z
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They've put up a factory in the village. r|,i'T
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Web|\CH
They have taken good care of the children. ,o]4?-
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 =]k {"?j
You should look after your children well. ~axjjv
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 >[X{LI(_<<
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 G7D2{J{1
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: $+7`Dy!
He gave me a book/a book to me. TRsE %
他给我一本书。 +i
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ^B+!N;
他带给我一枝钢笔。 u :
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 5O`dO9g}$
他把座位让给我。 ntmyNf?;
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 0q&'(-{s1
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. `%j~|i)4
妈妈给我买了一本书。 h&kZjQ&
He got me a chair/a chair for me. w^]6w\p
他给我弄了一把椅子。 d[;.r
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. not YeY7wR
请帮我一下。 m XXt'_"
He asked me a question/a question of me. ~(]0k.\
他问我个问题。 57 #6yXQ
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: ek
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They robbed the old man of his money. ~.!c~
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他们抢了老人的钱。 2W$cFC
He's warned me of the danger. @&}
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他警告我注意危险。 5pn)yk~
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 72,rFYvpK
医生治好了他的病。 )>c>oMgl
We must rid the house of th erats. m:hY`[ f6
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 D0N9Ksq
They deprived him of his right to speak. Sv;_HZ
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 d,by/
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5.S十V十O十C句式 3T&6opaF
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 pZU9^Z?~6
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 WlYs~(=9
They made the girl angry. R-:fd!3oQ
他们使这个女孩生气了。 M,5"b+mX[~
They found her happy that day. .Udj@{
他们发现那天她很高兴。 _Ob@`
I found him out. |!F5.%PY
我发现他出去了。
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I saw him in. c`fG1s
我见他在家。 !cGDy/|
They saw a foot mark in the sand. fQP {|+4
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 )Af~B'OUd
They named the boy Charlie. M?/jkc.8H
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ,hVvve,j}
I saw him come in and go out. H}LS??P
我见他进来又出去。 !d&C>7nb
They felt the car moving fast. {-A^g!jT&
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 3/#:~a9Q
I heard the glass broken just now. \u&_sBLKV
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Erk?}
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. &P,^.'
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。