英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: A,c_ME+DVB
S十V主谓结构
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S十V十F主系表结构 iH>b"H>
S十V十O主谓宾结构 UG]x CkDS
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 |)mUO:*
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 X|L_}Q7
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 NOf{Xx<#k
五个基本句式详细解释如下: =6N=5JePB
1.S十V句式 dP"cm0
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: h7S;
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He runs quickly. Q+'fTmT[,
他跑得快。 -6^Ee?"
They listened carefully. pP%+@;
他们听得很仔细。 lq?N>~PG
He suffered from cold and hunger. :u2tu60&MJ
他挨冻受饿。 (l/i#
China belongs to the third world country. kmt+E'^]
中国属于第三世界国家。 S+?*l4QK
The gas has given out. >b~Q%{1
煤气用完了。 `.wgRUhFH;
My ink has run out. }IQ! [T5
我的钢笔水用完了。 Djf~8q V!
2.S十V十P句式 @JOsG-VW~
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: @[1,i~H
He is older than he looks. 6!){-IV
他比看上去要老。 TC
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He seen interested in the book. ]ed7Q3lq
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 :ra[e(l9
The story sounds interesting. [Uj,, y.wB
这个故事听起来有趣。 8:]5H}Hi
The desk feels hard. 5^Lbc.h
书桌摸起来很硬。 k;.<DN
The cake tastes nice. VD{_6
饼尝起来很香。 z] |Y
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. /#}%c'
花闻起来香甜。 / $'M
You have grown taller than before. 54f?YR
你长得比以前高了。 `$/M\aM%
He has suddenly fallen ill. 3>z+3!I z
他突然病倒了。 1z3I^gI*i
He stood quite still. |D8c=c%
他静静地站看。 "azrcC
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. i^/H>E%u
他长大后当了教师。 'b_SQ2+A
He could never turn traitor to his country. ?[
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 o7g6*hJz
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ,Nev7X[0
He looked me up and down. "~IGE3{
他上下打量我。 RY
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He reached his hand to feel the elephant. =}W)%Hldr.
他伸出手来摸象。 hPUYq7B
They are tasting the fish. 3<6P^p=I
他们在品尝鱼。 9K{0x7~
They grow rice in their home town. 4$v08zZ
他们在家乡种水稻。 VHU,G+ms
He's got a chair to sit on. r$Y% 15JV
他有椅子坐。 jyjK~!0
Please turn the sentence into English. }sGH}n<9*
请把这个句于泽成英语。 8f#&CC!L
3.S十V十O句式 No)@#^
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: GSg/I.)S
I saw a film yesterday. bC]GL$ph9*
我昨天看了一部电影。 #'kVW{
Have you read the story? 3 jay V
你读过这个故事吗? `LVX|
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They found their home easily. `)eqTeW
他们很容易找到他们的家。 %g%#=a;]q
They built a house last year. ,u<aKae
他们去年建了一所房子。 ,0[h`FN
They've put up a factory in the village. ^'aMp}3iu
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 M7n|Z{?(
They have taken good care of the children. oNr~8CA`
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 _}wy|T&7k&
You should look after your children well. _zj}i1!E"
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 !/MHD
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 0sKY;(
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: Wtwh.\Jba
He gave me a book/a book to me. rF5O?<(
他给我一本书。 h
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. c)fTI,.$
他带给我一枝钢笔。 n~k9Z^ $
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ro4 XA1
他把座位让给我。 nr<&j#!L
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ?$xZ$zW
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 2@S{e$YK`
妈妈给我买了一本书。 q@x{6zj
He got me a chair/a chair for me. /Hl]$sJY
他给我弄了一把椅子。 )/F1,&/N`e
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Yxt`Uvc(^h
请帮我一下。 Iz\IQa
He asked me a question/a question of me. M[R\URu8
他问我个问题。 1[vmK,N=E
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: w;(`!^xv
They robbed the old man of his money. TY3WP$u
他们抢了老人的钱。 lT3, G#(
He's warned me of the danger. QviH+9
他警告我注意危险。 5? `*i"
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 4=>4fia&D
医生治好了他的病。 Y&k6Xhuao
We must rid the house of th erats. iS^IqS
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 S&@uY#_(*T
They deprived him of his right to speak. FXPw 5
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ^MesP:[2
5.S十V十O十C句式 el*C8TWlw
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 Q2)z1'Wv
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 lk6*?EJ
They made the girl angry.
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 c"3 a,&
They found her happy that day. 0k5;Qf6A
他们发现那天她很高兴。 )}
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I found him out. 2c.~cNx`q[
我发现他出去了。 XTD_q
I saw him in. z&o"K\y\
我见他在家。 I%43rdoPe
They saw a foot mark in the sand. *ws!8-)fH
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 [{ak&{R,9{
They named the boy Charlie. `}KK@(Y
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 L\8tqy.
I saw him come in and go out. qTnfiYG}
我见他进来又出去。 %Lexu)odW
They felt the car moving fast.
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 h1Ca9Z_
I heard the glass broken just now. ~l%Dcp
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 #~54t0|Cd>
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 9N|O*h1;u
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。