英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: d!!3"{'
S十V主谓结构 d-i&k(M
S十V十F主系表结构 J\GKqt;5@
S十V十O主谓宾结构 W7
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 NN*Sb J0
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 Y?e3B x7*b
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ^CX,nj_(
五个基本句式详细解释如下: {{GHzW
1.S十V句式 i&5!9m`Cw
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: fl!1AKSn@N
He runs quickly. "rf\' 9=
他跑得快。 GMt)}Hz
They listened carefully. ~.!?5(AH8z
他们听得很仔细。 >sB=\
He suffered from cold and hunger. +-",2d+g
他挨冻受饿。 #d$d&W~gE
China belongs to the third world country. n9w j[t1/
中国属于第三世界国家。 (
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The gas has given out. kKNk2!z`M
煤气用完了。 Z,(%v.d
My ink has run out. 2>`m<&y
我的钢笔水用完了。 upZYv~Sa
2.S十V十P句式 0 %C!`7
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 'aLPTVM^
He is older than he looks. 1Qrm"TFo
他比看上去要老。 .[]{
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He seen interested in the book. 'JJ1#kKa
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 W8\PCXnsfl
The story sounds interesting. 4Q
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这个故事听起来有趣。
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The desk feels hard. I67k M{V
书桌摸起来很硬。 ]JGKL5~p
The cake tastes nice. e_;%F`
饼尝起来很香。 QYFN:XZ
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 1gf/#+$\
花闻起来香甜。 ,APGPE}I[
You have grown taller than before. )< X=z
你长得比以前高了。 p
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He has suddenly fallen ill. l{B<"+8
他突然病倒了。 P\ Pc/[
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He stood quite still. h7Shl<f
他静静地站看。 Cb!`0%G
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Y2ah zB
他长大后当了教师。 kM6
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He could never turn traitor to his country. &km d<
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 c +"O\j'
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ba8-XA_~U
He looked me up and down. ;$k?&nhY
他上下打量我。 TZ`]#^kU
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ;dpS@;v
他伸出手来摸象。 D8<0zxc=(
They are tasting the fish. Nys'4kx7
他们在品尝鱼。 `tUeT[
They grow rice in their home town. PgGrk5;
他们在家乡种水稻。 XO8 H]
He's got a chair to sit on. U:T5o]P<
他有椅子坐。 ~-o^eI4_
Please turn the sentence into English. 8B% O%*5`
请把这个句于泽成英语。 &p(*i@Ms
3.S十V十O句式 $`+~QR!h
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: R'$ T6FB5
I saw a film yesterday. &_Xv:?
我昨天看了一部电影。 u3ri6Y`
Have you read the story? El8.D3
你读过这个故事吗? ]#Z$jq{,
They found their home easily. ybuSqFy`$
他们很容易找到他们的家。 E6KBpQcd[
They built a house last year. c# 4ZDjvm6
他们去年建了一所房子。 \T#(rt\j
They've put up a factory in the village. e"&9G}.f
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 3=eGS
They have taken good care of the children. ]Rys=.!
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 ',xsUgk
You should look after your children well. r^Rcjyc1
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 '| Q*~Lh
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 <`VJU2
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: J&0wl]w|O%
He gave me a book/a book to me. "%@=?X8
他给我一本书。 RSVN(-wIi)
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. :?o
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 y0y;1N'KK
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. +^
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他把座位让给我。 U\!LZ?gC
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: BtBt>r(*
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. |$*9j""u
妈妈给我买了一本书。 M97p.; ;
He got me a chair/a chair for me. =.2cZwxX$
他给我弄了一把椅子。 l\l]9Z6%
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. RgzSaP;;
请帮我一下。 w"Y55EURB
He asked me a question/a question of me. V?=zuB?'
他问我个问题。 g&(~MD2{
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: -tdON
They robbed the old man of his money. lSsFI30
他们抢了老人的钱。 yDBgSO{d
He's warned me of the danger. :s5<AT Q
他警告我注意危险。 ?g1.-'
The doctor has cured him of his disease. thboHPml{
医生治好了他的病。 z\ $>k_
We must rid the house of th erats. vM;dPE7
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ;;J98G|1
They deprived him of his right to speak. _=$!T;}lE
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 cO?"
5.S十V十O十C句式 03jBN2[!
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 %cif0Td
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 aV%rq9Tp
They made the girl angry. g\h7`-#t
他们使这个女孩生气了。 dWWkO03|
They found her happy that day. lNPbU ~k
他们发现那天她很高兴。 xa^HU~
I found him out. a;6\T*iJ!
我发现他出去了。 %* ;
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I saw him in. )Ea_:C'
我见他在家。 &_^<B7aC'k
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 8"rX;5
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 'GoeVq
They named the boy Charlie. ;
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 W,J,h6{F
I saw him come in and go out. &;3z 1s/
我见他进来又出去。 !\uk b
They felt the car moving fast. nx]b\A
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ^*W<$A_
I heard the glass broken just now. uQ1;+P:L
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 ]997`,1b
He found the doctor of study closed to him. [63;8l}
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。