(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 jWv3O&+?X
1. 充当句子的状语。
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2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 Mdlt zy=)L
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 k{}[>))Q
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ~E3SC@KL
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. x<{;1F,k3
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 36^C0uNdX
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). MgH1d&R
真题剖析 VeD+U~ d
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. _
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45. A. For FU]8.)`G
B. As XUQW;H
C. With w8ZHk?:
D. Because wcdW72
练习: yd0=h7s
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ;9p#xW6
8. A. is ]uStn
B. having As6)_8w
C. being
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D. be Wk\mgGn+
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(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 nl)_`8=
虚拟语气(2) NRHr6!f>
1. (should)+动词原形 BGlGpl
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 8m/FKO (r
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 HsjELbH
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 3r~>~ueZ
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 HO%E-5b9
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 9:9N)cNvfX
would rather +动词过去式 .q5J^/kr
真题剖析 ||{T5E-.F
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Eu`2w%qz
47. A. do cS"f
B. did p|&ZJ@3
C. don’t 0%;N9\
D. didn’t a'
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. )CC?vV
53. A. ordered !p]T6_t]Q
B. pleaded 7af?E)}v
C. decided
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D. demanded 8BYIxHHz
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. cPA~eZbX
15. A. took eVqM=%
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B. would take $l#v/(uFa
C. will take bn0"M+7)f
D. should take o/tVc
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. .+{nA}Bc
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) /~H[= Pf
54.A. shall r+imn&FK8
B.will VKq0<+M
C.would 8q_1(& O
. o-0aBG
D.should @MNl*~'$.[
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(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词
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动名词、分词、不定式。 7MKD_`g
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) BhqhyX\D&y
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 8B}'\e4i
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 IkSX\*
真题剖析 pG)9=X!9
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. gsW=3m&`
60. A. dropped LiiK3!^i
B. to drop @)9REA(U
C. dropping Ya~ "R#Uy
D.drops I)[`ZVAXR
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ;l$9gD>R
59. A. destructive
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B. dissatisfied }16&1@8
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C. damaged :9(3h"
D. derivative ?lF mXZy`
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(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 f_oq1 W)9
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 F;pTXt}?5
How you got there doesn’t concern me. U$A/bEhw
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. +H41]W6
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 9~=gwP
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. E3y6c)<
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 lco~X DI
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 a[q84[
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). v}Z9+ yRC2
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 }6<)yW}U
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. {W-5:~?"
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) !I
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) :MK=h;5Z
He no less than John is interested in literature. hiAxh
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Jms=YLIAA
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Gv;
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 Bw6 L;Vu
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. "t=UX
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真题剖析 5qC:yI
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. L1rwIOgq^
53. A. none yji>*XG
B. few Vz'HM$
C. any 21ViHV
D. some vmvFBzLR
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(五)考博英语语法:倒装 7^Na9]PY
全部倒装 NIaF 5z
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ^xt9pa$f
There stand big buildings in this district. ALfiR(!
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ka#K
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) @7fm
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. jP+ pA e