南京师范大学考博英语模拟题及其解析 BUH~aV
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the _
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United States by applying new social research findings on the K\Oz
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experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration q3+G
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of jy=dB-&
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate z^+`S:
propositions. ztSP4lW
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England 5O.dRp7dJ
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World 4@,d
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was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies {`Ekv/XWa
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather RX-qL,dc
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly (TufvHC
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duo oY!nM%z/
yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi !PN;XZ~{
quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu ,|
gX?[o
qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity. vn n4
Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to HGuY-f
flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New 3"28=)o
World community. For example, the economic and demographic character l_ycYD
$ZA
of early New England towns varied considerably. C-@
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns e:9CD-
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as O'5d6m
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, hg}Rh
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the EleK*l
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial p fj%AP:
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who >|<8QomD
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled |*4)G6J@n
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers P0m;AqS#R
demanded skilled artisans. :Jp$_T&E
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized :3qA7D }
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct .r9-^01mG
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. %N\pfZ2\
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, xk}(u`:.
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is ".&x`C
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never S5eQHef
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, _vA\j
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished 'jp nQcwxx
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New 8fpaY{]
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions 6l|pTyb1
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North $M\[^g(q
American culture. 1Yt;1k'
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands MRvtuE|g
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he Qh%(yL!
fails to link their experience with the political development of the AL/`Pqlk
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 7+aTrE{
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as y}jX/
Ln
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American q|J3]F !n
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time O`e0r%SJ
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their
v#/Uq?us
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that '>(R'g42n
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who X&._<2
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. Wt+aW
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial \(_FGa4j
North America is supported by information in the text? }S6Sz&)
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came +r)'?zU
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring M-KjRl
land. <:yB4t3H+q
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were nf!RB-orF
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. po_||NIY
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at ,)A^ 3Q*
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during juuBLv
the seventeenth century. '>[KVvm
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in BDY@&vF
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. oo7&.HWf
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to D3yG@lIP3
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political -bSe=09;S|
interdependence of the colonies and England. ann!"s_
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic Iw~3y{\
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. ?iG}Qj@5
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of POTW+Zq]
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to Y4`MgP8t
acquire land. xd8UdQ,lt
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values &9\z!r6mc
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. L f[>U
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s [@[!esC
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?
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[A] It is totally implausible. }(O/ y-
[B] It is partially acceptable. hNUAwTH6
[C] It is highly admirable. eN{[T
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[D] It is controversial though persuasive. 8%JxXtWW`
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which j~V@0z.
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? "+s#!Fh *
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture 5bFE;Y;
of England. a>`\^>G4
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have "|`8mNC
generally been unrecognized by historians. PaV [{CD
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did @
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not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. hC<X\yxe
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high XETY)<g
culture of New England. 8rXq-V_u
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which C.
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of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? wNDLN`,^H
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North &KgR;.R^J
American culture. tC\x9&:
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies F1R91V|
on Great Britain. k);z}`7
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Y\BB;"x1
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. RGhl`;
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group KM4w{
of migrants to colonial North America. ADA%$NhJ!
[答案与考点解析] ~wDmt
1. 【答案】D %cO;{og M
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干中的“migrants”一词暗示本 [{N
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题的答案信息在第一段或第三段, 因为这两段的首句都含有“migrants”一 r\vB-nJ
词。又根据题干中的“supported”一词,我们可以推断出本题的答案信息 jd l1Q<Z
来源应该在原文的第三段,因为作者应该在第三段提出相应证据来“支 %9[GP7?
持”(supported)自己的观点。通过仔细阅读和理解第三段,尤其是第三段 9 f-T>}
的尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时一定要有 xj{X#[q):
审题定位的能力,更要具备善于理解原文中启承转合所传达的含义。 R%aH{UhE`
2. 【答案】D @i
UzRsl
【考点解析】这是一道细节理解题。题干中的“failed”一词暗示本题 v Q+}rHf`[
的答案信息应该在尾段,因为尾段中含有“fails”一词。根据阅读和理解 <Nvw
w
首段尾句,我们可以推导出本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要善于 ,TOLr%+v~n
理解原文中所传达的中心含义。 7t5X
3. 【答案】B IG`~^-}7lR
【 考点解析 】本题是一道归纳推导题。 本题题干中的“Bailyn’s fourth 5YC56,X
proposition”将本题的答案信息来源确定在原文的第四段。通过仔细阅读 'nP'MA9b;a
和理解本段的每一句话,尤其是第二、三句话和四、五句话,我们可以推导 ;VK;_d
出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要善于归纳和推导原文的内 >1pD'UZIy7
容,更要善于体会上下句之间的语意关系。 *IGxa
4. 【答案】A VT3Zo%X x
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。题干中的“culture”一词暗示本 c/;t.+g
题的答案信息来源在第四段,因为第四段首句包含“culture”一词。通过 ?#}=!$p
仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,尤其是第四句,我们可以推导出本题的
1a
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正确选项应该是A。 考生在解题时一定要注意原文中重点词语所表达的含义, bw%1*;n)
以及重点词语在选项中的替换形式。 >]:R{1h
5. 【答案】A T~"tex]
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。题干并没有明确指出本题答案信息 k%hD<_:p
在原文中的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生一定要抓住全文的中心主旨, 以 kjNA~{
及每段的核心句。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句,这是一个由转折词 ]|u}P2
“however”引导的句子。通过仔细阅读理解本句,我们可以推导出本题的 CSr{MF`]e
正确选项是A。考生在解题时一定要重视原文中表达启承转合的词语,因为 7S]
h:q%%
这往往是出题的重点。 *!Am6\+
[参考译文] $k'f)E
Bernard Bailyn最近通过运用关于欧洲移民经历的新的社会研究成果 EyBdL
重新解释了美国的早期历史。在他的重新解释中,迁徙成了重写北美前工业 Td;e\s/]
化历史的重要依据。其主张可分为四个独立的观点。 ++&F5'?g
第一点断言,近代早期的英国居民经常在乡下流动,因此后来他们迁移 te6[^_k
到新大陆仅仅是一种“自然外流”。 虽然最初时殖民地对英国人没有多少正 !-N!
80
面的诱惑力——他们宁愿留在本土。 到18世纪时, 移往美洲的人数却增加了, @;rVB
因为他们将那儿看作是充满机遇的地方。第二,Bailyn认为,和以往美国 g,,cV+
历史教材中惯用的观念相反,从来就没有过一个典型的新大陆社会,例如, ^iV@NVP
早期新英格兰城镇中的经济和人口特点就很不相同。 +D
h=D*
Bailyn的第三个观点是,成千上万的移民中最常见的是两种普遍类型: FblGFm"P
一组是签约的仆人,另一组是为土地而来。令人惊异的是:Bailyn认为那 "*7I~.7U(*
些征召签约仆人的人是这种跨越大西洋移民迁徙的推动力。 这些殖民地的企 UD9h5PgT
业主帮助那些来到前工业化北美社会的人确定其社会属性。起初,成千上万 N.64aL|1
未受过培训的劳动力被征召,然而到了18世纪30年代,美洲雇主开始需求技 c'G\AbUVjE
术熟练的技工。 >p<(CVX[
第四,Bailyn提出,殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半开化内地。在坚持殖 F)gL=6h
民地是盎格鲁—美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上,他无疑是正确的。但是像 9txZ6/
Bailyn这样,把帝国划分为英国核心和殖民地外围,就贬低了殖民地文化 `Mjm/9+18
的成就。确实,如Bailyn所说,殖民地的高雅文化不能和英国本土的相比。 0I#<-9&d-
但是如何看待17世纪的新英格兰呢?移民者在这儿制定了有效的法律,创建 8vT:icl
了著名的大学,出版了书籍。Bailyn可能会说,新英格兰是个特例。不过, 'R'>`?Nh
新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织机构对北美文化有着深远的影响。 )j9FB
尽管Bailyn不断关注着数万名刚好在革命前夕迁移过来的签约仆人,
AGv;8'`
但他没能把这些人的经历与美国的政治发展结合起来。他的书中有证据表 v,M2|x\r}
明,我们本来可以建立这样一种联系。在出卖给美洲雇主的时间里,这些签 plf<O5'
约仆人被看作是奴隶。毫不奇怪,一旦他们服役期满,就会放弃城市里的高 iF%q6R
薪而走向西部,通过获得土地来保障个人独立。因此,一种特殊的美国政治 C$tSsw?A
文化开始于西部,那些怀疑权威和强烈反对贵族统治的移民者之中。 /C(L(X